EcotourismforYouthsinAustria

BachelorThesisforObtainingtheDegree

BachelorofBusinessAdministrationin

Tourism,HotelManagementandOperations

SubmittedtoEvaAileenJungwirth-Edelmann,MA

KatharinaStrnad

1511068

Vienna,31May2019

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Affidavit

IherebyaffirmthatthisBachelor’sThesisrepresentsmyownwrittenworkandthatI

haveusednosourcesandaidsotherthanthoseindicated.Allpassagesquotedfrom

publicationsorparaphrasedfromthesesourcesareproperlycitedandattributed.

The thesiswasnot submitted in the sameor ina substantially similar version,not

evenpartially,toanotherexaminationboardandwasnotpublishedelsewhere.

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Abstract

Topic:EcotourismforYouthsinAustria

NameofAuthor:KatharinaStrnad

Course/Year:BBATourism,HotelManagementandOperations2019

Pages:98

Content:Theimportanceofeducatingyouthabouttherelevanceofecotourismhas

not receiveda lotofattention in the literature so far.Nevertheless, theupcoming

generations have a significant role in protecting the planet further. Especially

ecotourismrepresentsasubstantialpartinthisprocesssincethetravelindustryhas

gainedalotofattentioninthelastseveraldecadesandhasasignificantinfluenceon

thewellbeingofthenaturalenvironment.

This thesis aimed to investigate the topic of ecotourism for youth in Austria. The

primarypurposewastofindoutmoreaboutyouthattitudetowardsecotourismand

environmentally friendlybehavior.Furthermore, itwasto illustratethe importance

ofenvironmentallearningtoraisethelevelofecologicalawarenessamongyouth.

Quantitative research has been conducted; more precisely, a semi-structured

questionnaire has been developed to obtain a more in-depth knowledge about

youth perception of ecotourism. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature review

wascarriedout.

Thefindingsoftheresearchhighlighttheimportanceofenvironmentallearningand

teachingmethodsthatfocusonsustainable,responsiblebehavior.Youthneedtobe

educated about the importance of acting environmentally friendly to protect the

planet for upcoming generations. The results show that youth already have some

knowledgeabouttheimportanceofmaintainingthewellbeingoftheenvironment.

Nevertheless, most students are not aware of the concept that is ecotourism.

Furthermore, there is still a lack of putting the theory into practice,which can be

improvedthroughspecifictoolsthatfurtherpromoteecotourismamongyouth.

Supervisor:EvaAileenJungwirth-Edelmann,MA

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TableofContents

Affidavit 2

Abstract 3

TableofContents 4

ListofTables 6

ListofFigures 7

ListofAbbreviations 9

1 Introduction 10

1.1 MotivationandCognitiveInterest 10

1.2 OutlineoftheThesis 12

1.2.1 AimandSecondaryAimsoftheBachelorThesis 12

1.2.2 ResearchQuestion,HypothesisandLimitations 13

1.3 OverviewoftheThesis 15

2 LiteratureReview 16

2.1 Eco-Tourism 17

2.1.1 DefinitionofTourism 17

2.1.2 FormsofTourism 20

2.1.3 DefinitionofEcotourism 21

2.1.3.1 EcologicalAwareness 23

2.1.4 FormsofEcotourism 25

2.1.4.1 Nature-basedTourism 25

2.1.4.2 AdventureTourism 26

2.1.5 EcotourismDevelopmentinLocalCommunities 27

2.1.6 EcotourisminAustria 28

2.1.6.1 GeneralInformationofAustria 31

2.1.6.2 TheImportanceofEcotourisminAustria 33

2.1.7 ProtectionLabelsandActionPlans 35

2.1.7.1 ProtectionLabelsandActionPlansinAustria 36

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2.2 YouthEducation 39

2.2.1 DefinitionofYouthEducation 40

2.2.1.1 YouthEducationinAustria 41

2.2.1.2 ExtracurricularActivitiesandInformalEducation 42

2.2.1.3 TheParentalRoleinExtracurricularActivities 45

2.2.2 PsychologyofYouth 46

2.2.3 EnvironmentalPsychology 47

2.2.4 EcologicalAwarenessandEducation 48

2.2.5 EnvironmentalEducation 49

2.2.6 EducationandEcotourism 51

2.2.6.1 AdventureCampPrograms 52

2.2.7 EcotourismforYouthinAustria 53

3 Methodology 55

3.1 Aim 56

3.2 ResearchDesign 57

3.3 UnitofAnalysis 59

3.4 DataPreparationandAnalysis 61

3.5 Participants 63

3.5.1 SelectionCriteria 63

3.5.2 ConstructionoftheQuestionnaire 64

3.5.3 ReflectionsConcerningtheQuestionnaire 66

4 SummaryandInterpretationoftheQuestionnaires 71

4.1 QuestionnaireParticipants 71

4.2 SummaryandInterpretationoftheQuestionnaires 72

5 Conclusion 95

Bibliography 99

Appendices 108

Appendix1:Survey(German) 108

Appendix2:Survey(English) 113

Appendix3:Results 119

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ListofTables

Table1FormsofTourism........................................................................................................20

Table2ElementsofOutdoorAdventurePracticesUtilizedTherapeutically...........................53

Table3StructureoftheThesis................................................................................................55

Table4ParticipantsoftheQuestionnaire...............................................................................71

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ListofFigures

Figure1Leiper’sModelofTourism.........................................................................................18

Figure2TheFourPillarsofEcotourism...................................................................................22

Figure3LevelofEcologicalAwareness...................................................................................23

Figure4ThemostImportantSourceMarketsofAustrianTourism........................................29

Figure5MostPopularTouristRegionsinAustria...................................................................30

Figure6CORINELandCoverTypes–2012..............................................................................32

Figure7TouristInterestsinAustria.........................................................................................34

Figure8Natura2000SitesinAustria......................................................................................38

Figure9PredominantLearningModels..................................................................................40

Figure10TheAustrianEducationSystem...............................................................................41

Figure11ExtracurricularActivities..........................................................................................43

Figure12TheImpactofEnvironmentalEducationonStudents.............................................49

Figure13PrimaryandSecondaryAimsoftheThesis..............................................................56

Figure14Semi-StructuredSurveys..........................................................................................59

Figure15ProcessofDataPreparationandAnalysis...............................................................61

Figure16WhatisYourGender?..............................................................................................72

Figure17InWhatAgeGroupareYou?...................................................................................73

Figure18WhatisYourLevelofEducation?............................................................................74

Figure19DoYouLiveinanUrbanorRuralArea?...................................................................75

Figure20DoYouUsuallyTravelWith….................................................................................76

Figure21Figure21:ITravelBecause…..................................................................................77

Figure22WhatTypeofHolidaydoYouUsuallyDo?..............................................................78

Figure23DoYouUsuallySpendYourHolidayinanOutboundorInboundDestination?.......79

Figure24PleasePicktheMethodofTransportationYouWouldPrefertoTravelWith........80

Figure25AreYouAwareoftheConceptThatisEcotourism?................................................81

Figure 26 To What Extend do You Consider Yourself to Behave in an EnvironmentallyConsciousWay?.......................................................................................................................82

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Figure27HowImportantdoYouThinkEco-TourismisLikelytobefortheFuture?..............83

Figure28WhereWouldyouFindInformationAboutEcotourism?........................................84

Figure 29Which of These Criteria do You Think Indicates That an Accommodation is Eco-Friendly?..................................................................................................................................86

Figure30ConsideringYourLastHoliday,PleaseSpecifyHowImportantWeretheFollowingMotives....................................................................................................................................87

Figure 31 Considering Your Last Holiday, Please Indicate What Activities Have You TakenWhenonHoliday.....................................................................................................................89

Figure32IfIGoonHoliday,IWouldEnjoy….........................................................................90

Figure33IaminFavorofSavingRemote,WildernessAreas..................................................91

Figure34TheFollowingStatementsRelatetoYourEverydayLife.PleaseIndicatetheExtenttoWhichYouAgreeorDisagree..............................................................................................92

Figure35MindMap–ProtectionofMothersEarth...............................................................93

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ListofAbbreviations

GenY GenerationY

GDP GrossDomesticProduct

UNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizations

EU EuropeanUnion

LA21 LocalAgenda21

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1 Introduction

1.1 MotivationandCognitiveInterest

Ecotourismisaconceptthatgainsalotofattentionforseveraldecades.Thenumber

of organizations and destinations addressing environmental issues and developing

environmentallyresponsiblemeasurementsissteadilygrowing.Butitisasignificant

concerntoevenputsomefocusontheyoungpeopleofourgenerationtoeducate

themandmakethemawareofenvironmentalissues.Youtharetherepresentatives

of the future, and therefore it is necessary to direct them into a way where

environmentalprotectionbecomesapartofeverydaylifeaswellasdecision-making

processes.

Overthelastcentury,theimportanceoftourismsignificantlyincreasedandplayeda

significant role when it comes to economic benefits, employment or recreational

activities (Cinietal.,2010).Thisbooming industrycannowadaysbedivided intoa

varietyof subcategorieswhereoneof theessentialones isecotourism (Cinietal.,

2010). Themain characteristics of ecotourism include theminimizationof harmful

impacts of tourism on the natural as well as cultural surroundings; it creates

economic profit for local communities and also develops ecological awareness

among tourists and locals (Cini et al., 2010). Ecotourism serves as a symbol to

connectthepositiveelementsofsocial,culturalandeconomicresources(Cinietal.,

2010).

Especially the degree of individual’s environmental awareness, which is

characterized by someone’s ecological knowledge, values or willingness to act

responsibly, is influenced by a variety of factors like intentional or situational

elements (Zsóka et al., 2013). Individual’s knowledge and attitudes are of high

importancebecauseithasapotentialimpactontheirbehavior(Zsókaetal.,2013)

Toensureandmaintainthequalityofdestinations,theirnaturalenvironmentaswell

as tourist attractions, it is essential to bring people closer to topics like

environmentalawareness,environmentaleducation,andnature ingeneral (Ciniet

al., 2010). Besides the fact that ecotourism shows several potential benefits, the

promotion and advertisement of ecotourism addressing younger individuals

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becomes more critical because they show a high potential to develop ecological

awarenessinthefuture(Cinietal.,2010).

Especiallyyoungpeopleneedtobeeducatedaboutthe importanceofacting inan

environmentallyresponsiblewaytoprotectnatureforupcominggenerations(Ciniet

al., 2010). However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning young people’s

perceptionandpersuasionaboutecotourism thatdeservesmoreattention (Cini&

Passafaro,2019).Reasonstofocustheattentiononyouthinclude,forinstance,that

they are anticipated to contribute an essential part in promoting a sustainable

lifestyle in the future (Cini&Passafaro,2019). Furthermore, theyounggeneration

representsoneofthetouristsectorshavingthehighestpotentialtoincrease,andat

thesametime,theyarethetouristsectorshowingtheleastattractiontoecotourism

atthemoment(Cini&Passafaro,2019).Focusingmoreonyoungtargetgroupscan

lead to a more advanced relationship between young travelers and the natural

environment. Furthermore, it is a great tool to build up beneficial attitudes and

behaviorsregardingthesituation(Cinietal.,2010).

However, this study will put some special effort on the analysis of ecotourism in

Austria,howyouthsinAustriaarebeingtaughtintermsofenvironmentaleducation

and how they deal with topics like environmental behavior, ecological awareness

andprotectionmeasurements fornature (Cinietal.,2010). It is crucial thatyoung

people take on the responsibility tomaintain the current and improve the future

qualityofnaturalsurroundings.Promotingsustainabletourismamongyouthshows

theiractivepartinthedevelopmentofamoresustainableoutlook(Cinietal.,2010).

It is for sure; childrenwill have a significant influence on the environment in the

future, whichmakes the institutionalization of sustainability topics into education

veryimportant(Cinietal.,2010).

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1.2 OutlineoftheThesis

1.2.1 AimandSecondaryAimsoftheBachelorThesis

The focus of this Bachelor thesis lies on examining the significance of tourism,

ecotourism,ecologicalawarenessandenvironmentallyeducationforyouth.Littleis

knownaboutAustrianattitudesandknowledgetowardsecotourism,environmental

responsible behavior and their degree of environmental education. Consequently,

theaimofthisresearchistoexaminetheimportanceofecotourism,environmental

educationandenvironmentallyresponsiblebehaviorofyouthlivinginAustria.

Moreover, the objective is to give a detailed overview of youth interest and

knowledge about ecotourism through using questionnaires that will be answered

fromstudentstoobtainadeeperinsightintoyouthminds.

Thesecondaryaimsofthisstudywillcoverseveraldefinitionsaswellascreatinga

connectionbetweenthedifferenttopicsofinterest:

1) Toillustratethekeyelementsoftourismandecotourism

2) To provide more information about the definition of youth and youth

education

3) Toshowtheimportanceofenvironmentaleducationintodayssociety

4) To demonstrate the growing relationship of ecological awareness and

environmentaleducation

5) Toexemplifythesignificantconnectionbetweeneducationandecotourism

6) Toillustratewhetherthereisarelationbetweenecotourismandyouthliving

inAustria

Throughgivingdetailed informationabout theabove-mentionedtopicsof interest,

thethesis isgoingtoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofthecurrentsituationof

youthlivinginAustria,theirinterestinecotourismandtheirstatusofenvironmental

education. Although the theoretical part gives a lot of information about the

differentresearchvariables,themainfocusisputontheprofessionalaspectsofthis

subjectusingexperiments.

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1.2.2 ResearchQuestion,HypothesisandLimitations

Ecotourism is becoming a more important topic of interest that needs to be

addressedduetotherisingsignificanceofenvironmentalprotectiontoofferastable

environment for upcoming generations. Furthermore, the topic of ecotourism in

connectiontoyouthisofmajorimportancebecausetheyrepresentfuturedecision

makersthatneedtobeawareoftherelevancethatenvironmentalfriendlybehavior

hasinordertoprotecttheupcominglifeonearth.

Furtherresearchneedstobedone in thematterofecotourismandyouthandthe

impact of environmental education on the behavior of youth regarding the

environmentandmeasurementsinordertoprotectit.Theresultsofthisstudycan

be valuableespecially for schools andorganizations thatput a lotof efforton the

commonnessofenvironmentalbehaviorinordertorealizetheimportanceofyouth

education in environmental topics and to work on a sustainable future plan

consideringyouth.

Referringtothetheoreticalpartofthestudy,thethesisaimstoanswerthefollowing

researchquestions:

• Whyisecotourismsuchasignificantpartoftoday’stravelindustry?

• How do ecological awareness and education impact youth behavior

regardingtheenvironment?

• How does environmental education change the way youth perceive the

importanceofecotourism?

• Why is it important tocreateandspreadenvironmentalawarenessamong

schoolstudents?

• Howimportantisittoincludeenvironmentalstudiesinyoutheducation?

• How does environmental education influence ecotourism for youth in

Austria?

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Basedon the information given and the above-mentioned researchquestions, the

followinghypothesiscanbedeveloped:

‘Earlyandcontinuousenvironmentaleducationhasapositiveinfluenceonthe

attitudeofyouthlivinginAustriaconcerningfutureecologicalawarenessand

ecotourism.’

Consideringthisstatement,thethesisaimstogiveanoverviewoftheimportanceof

ecotourismandwhyyouthshouldbeintegratedintofurtherconcepts.Furthermore,

it is intended to provide recommendations for further improvement and

developmentconcerningecotourismforyouthinAustria.

Even if all the research has been done in a careful manner, there are still some

limitationsthatmustbeconsideredwhengeneralizingtheresults.

Although the use of questionnaires gives a comprehensive overview of youth

attitudes towards ecotourism and environmentally responsible behavior, there is

little academic literature that offers information about ecotourism in the

relationship with youth. There is a limitation regarding the restricted access to

existing literature like books and journals when it comes to secondary data

collection.Furthermore,thereisalimitationintimetogoinmoredetailandtogive

a more comprehensive overview of the study. In addition to that, there is a

limitation when it comes to primary data collection and the outcomes of the

surveys.Itisnotpossibletointerviewthewholetargetpopulation,whichcanhave

an effect on the outcomes of the study due to the fact that the number of

respondentsmaynotbeanadequatesamplesizetobeabletogeneralizetheresults

to the whole population. It is to mention that not an expert dealing with youth

attitudes and ecotourism does the research, but through interviewing youth, it is

possibletoobtainprofessionalknowledgethatthestudycanrelyon.

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1.3 OverviewoftheThesis

The thesis consists of five major parts, which are subdivided into several

subchapters.Thefirstmainpartintroducesthetopictothereaderinordertogeta

better overview of the thesis through providing detailed information about the

motivationandcognitiveinterestoftheauthorandfurthermoretooutlinetheaim

oftheresearch,theresearchquestions,thehypothesisaswellasitslimitations.

The secondpart represents the literature review.Throughextensive research, this

part provides an overview of theoretical concepts derived from secondary data

about tourism, ecotourism, youth education and ecotourism in Austria.

Furthermore,thispartexemplifiesseveralconceptsthatareoutsidethemainfocus

of the research topic. Topics like ecological awareness, youth psychology or

environmental education and training techniques, are going to be expounded in

moredetail.

Thenextpart isdedicated to themethodologyof the thesis andconsistsdifferent

subchapters.Firsttheaimisgoingtobeelucidated;whichreferstothemaininterest

ofgivingmoreinformationaboutyouthbehaviorrelatedtoecotourismandtowhat

degree theyarealready informedabout this topic.Afterward, the researchdesign

will be described in more detail, which gives an overview of the data collection

techniquesandquestionnairedesignused.Throughgoingintomoredetailaboutthe

unitofanalysis,thereadergetsmoreinformationabouttheprocessaswellasthe

differentphasesofdatapreparationandanalysis.The lastpart isdedicatedto the

participantsof thedata collectionprocess andgivesmore informationabout their

characteristics.Thissectionallowsabetterunderstandingoftheselectioncriteriaof

theparticipants,theconstructionofinterviewsaswellasreflectionsconcerningthe

questionnaire.

Thefourthpart,asaresult,dealswiththeevaluationandfurther interpretationof

the questionnaires. However, this process involves a detailed description of the

respondentsofthesurveyaswellasfurtheranalyzingprocesseslikeasummaryand

utilization.

The last chapter number five outlines the final conclusion of the thesis including

furtherresearchandrecommendations.

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2 LiteratureReview

Ecotourismisanenvironmentallyresponsiblesubcategoryoftourismwherepeople

traveltomostlyundisturbedareasinanaturalsurrounding(Scheyvens,1999).Eco-

tourists are characterized by putting a lot of emphasis on the promotion of

conservation with minimized impacts of visitors on the natural environment

(Scheyvens,1999).Researchersemphasizethewidespreadrecognitionthatnature-

based tourism serves as a significant ecosystem service to generate substantial

resourcesfortheconservationaswellasthelocaleconomicdevelopment(Balmford

etal.,2009).Thesecircumstancesstandincontrasttothesteadilygrowingconcerns

regarding a loss of connection between people and their natural environments.

Urbanizationisgoingto increase,andindoorpastimesholdconcerningareduction

in informal, outdoor recreation, which can have a significant consequence for

childhood development, physical and mental welfare as well as environmental

knowledge and concern (Balmford et al., 2009). A lot of people see these

circumstancesasasignificantchallengeforbiodiversityconversationbecausepeople

thatdonotexperiencenatureandknowlittleabouttheirenvironmentsarenotable

tocareaboutit(Balmfordetal.,2009).

The authors Vermeersch, Sanders andWilson (2016) found out that for instance,

GenYshowsinterestinseveralissuesrelatedtotheenvironmentbutstillputmore

importanceonsatisfyingtheirownneedswhenitcomestotraveling.Mostofthem

are not willing to pay extra fees to in return act environmentally responsible

(Vermeerschetal.,2016). Inadditiontothat,theauthorsmentionthatGenYhas

more interest in cultural tourism thannature-based tourismexperiences,whereby

nature-basedmotivationsareoftendrivenbyself-enjoymentratherthantheactual

protectionofwildlifeandnature(Vermeerschetal.,2016).Accordingtotheauthors,

Gen Y doesnotwant to takeover responsibilitywhen it comes to green traveling

behavior, which shows that self-interest is more important than their values

regarding the environment (Vermeersch et al., 2016). These results indicate that

travelershaveadeficiencyofawarenessandknowledgeofenvironmental impacts,

which can lead to future tensions regarding environmental ethics of society

(Vermeerschetal.,2016).

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2.1 Eco-Tourism

The concept of ecotourism already exists for a long time, but in recent years the

importance and attention towards this term increased a lot (Cini et al., 2010).

Ecotourismisanall-naturebasedwayofexperiencingtourisminwhichtravelerscan

enjoythewildernessandtraditionalmethodsoflivingaswellasobservingdifferent

culturesofpeoplethatarelocatedinnaturalsurroundingsincludinganeducational

andrecreationalcomponent(Cinietal.,2010).Itisaboutthepurposetovisitareas

and places to discover and learn more about the different elements of natural

surroundings and resources (Orams, 1995). However, tourist activities like skiing,

fishing,mountainbikingor climbingarenature-basedand therefore fall under the

classification of ecotourism, although they are famous for several hundred years

(Orams,1995).Thetermecotourismsomewhatbecamemorepopularaccordingto

the fact that nature-based recreation and tourism go hand in hand and are used

more frequent nowadays (Orams, 1995). Several organizations emphasize the

increasing significanceof sustainable tourism to raiseawareness,protectareas for

future generations and advance tourism management to improve sustainable

development (Cini et al., 2010). Operators that value ecotourism need to apply

management strategies which change the behavior of customers in a more

environmentally sensitivewayand furthermore tochange theirattitude towardsa

moreecologicallyresponsibleone(Orams,1995).Thevisionofmakingholidaysina

naturalenvironmentthatoffershighquality,aswellastheideaofprotectingitfrom

adverse impacts, became a common and profitable one (Orams, 1995).

Managementobjectivesarecreatedtogetmorecontroloftheinteractionbetween

touristsandthenaturalenvironmenttoprotecttheenvironmentfromharmaswell

as to promote delightful experiences for tourists (Orams, 1995). So-called eco-

tourists need to change from a passive role into a more active role where their

expertiseisnotonlybasedonthenaturalenvironmentbutrathercontributetothe

well-beingandgrowthofthoseenvironments(Orams,1995).

2.1.1 DefinitionofTourism

Tourism can be defined as a multidimensional phenomenon that appears if non-

residents travel to different locations outside of their usual life and work

environment for a temporary short-term stay without the intention to become a

18

permanent resident (Cruz, 2006). Furthermore, tourism consists out of several

different stakeholders like for example a range of individuals, businesses, and

organizations as well as locations that together create a travel experience for

tourists(Cooperetal.,1993).

Over the last years, policymakers and scholars realized the growing importanceof

tourism through the growthofmass tourism in the 1950s (Robinsonet al., 2013).

Throughtherecognitionofthevalueandaccessibilityoftourismforadestination,it

waspossibletoestablishseveralideasandconceptstocreateafieldofstudyaswell

as an activity that has significant influences on destinations economies,

communities, and environments (Robinson et al., 2013). After some time tourism

evenbecamea fieldofstudy forseveraluniversities that focusontheexperiences

and impacts of travel and furthermore deals with marketing and destination

management. According to Robinson, Lück and Smith (2013) tourism is multi-

disciplinary where perspectives like for example anthropology, sociology or

psychologyplayasignificantrole.Oneessentialcharacteristicoftourismisthatitis

incredibly susceptible toanychanges thatappearwithin theexternalenvironment

(Robinsonetal.,2013).Therefore,itisnecessarythekeepuptodatewithdifferent

occurrencesintheindustryaswellasregularlymonitoringchanges(Robinsonetal.,

2013).

Figure1:Leiper’sModelofTourism

Source:Leiper,1995

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According to Leiper’smodel of tourism, three elements are essential to consider,

namely:

1)Touristsaretheactors:Itisvitaltorealizethattouristsplayacrucialroleinthe

systemoftourismwhenanalyzingthefactthattourismisahumanexperience.

2) Three geographical elements: Namely, traveler-generating region, tourist

destinationregionandthetransitrouteregion.

• The first one shows the generating market for tourism, meaning where

travelers get stimulated and motivated for travel. It represents the

situationwhere tourists are looking for information,make theirbookings

aswellaswherethedeparturetakesplace.

• Thetouristdestinationregionrepresents thepartwherethetotal impact

oftourismisfeltaswellaswhereplanningandmanagementstrategiesare

putintoaction.

• Finally,thetransitrouteregiondisplaysthesmallextentoftraveltoreach

the tourismdestination and furthermore the familiar places that tourists

maystopbyenroute.

3) Tourism industry: This element represents all the different organizations and

businessesinvolvedintheactualtourismproduct

Source:Cooperetal.,1993

However, according to the fact that tourism is amulti-sector activity and includes

environmental, social as well as economic influences, prosperous and sustainable

tourism needs careful planning (Cooper et al., 1993). Tourism plans should be

flexibleandreactivewhenitcomestofurtherdevelopmentstrategies.Accordingto

theauthorsCooper,Fletcher,Gilbert,andWanhill (1993),developmentplansneed

to facilitate the desired goals while also considering factors that are subject to

change,whichhas an influenceon theobjectives aswell as themeans to achieve

them(Cooperetal.,1993).

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2.1.2 FormsofTourism

Ingeneral,severalformsoftourismcanbeidentifiedwhichleadstoadifferentiation

of numerous tourist typologies (Hvenegaard, 2002). According to Hvenegaard

(2002), these tourist typologies are based on the travelmotivations of individuals

like allocentric, mid-centric or psychocentrics. Tourist typologies are furthermore

usedtosegmenttouristpopulationscharacterizedbytrip indices, travelbehaviors,

interests, and opinions (Hvenegaard, 2002). The identification of tourist types is

beneficial for the management, marketing, and planning of tourism. It allows

managers to focus on different motivations, experiences, and impacts of tourist

types(Hvenegaard,2002).

Some of the most common forms of tourism based on specific motivations and

interestsaredisplayedbelow.

TypeofTourism Definition Source

CulinaryTourism Type of tourism where tourists put a lot of emphasis on food as anattractionandtravelmotivation. Itdealswithdiningexperiencesandthetastingofnewdishes,butotherthanthat itcanalsohaveaneducationalcomponentwheretouristslearnaboutthedifferentculturesofcuisine,thepeoplethatareinvolvedinpreparingthefoodaswellasacontributionoftouriststosustainability.

Long,2013

EventTourism Events can be a significant motivation tool for tourism and play anessentialroleinthemarketingplansandfurtherdevelopmentprocessesofmanydestinations.Adestinations’competitivenessoftendependsonthecharactersofeventstheyplanandhowsuccessfultheyare.

Getz,2008

DarkTourism Deals with the presentation of death as well as certain kinds of death.There are a variety of sites and tourist experienceswhere travelers visitplaceswhere tragedies or historically noteworthy death has takenplace.Individuals travel either to a particular destination such as graveyards,prisons, the holocaust or travel in a specific form like slavery-heritagetourism.

Stone,2012

Stone&Sharpley,

2008

ReligiousTourism

Oneoftheoldesttypesoftourismandmainlycharacterizedbytripsthatareentirelyoratleaststronglymotivedbyreligiouspurposes.Nationalandinternational religious centers are visited by one to ten million pilgrimsevery year, where the number of visitors is rising during specialceremoniesor jubilees anddecreasesbasedonpolitical issues, recessionorwar.

Rinschede,1992

CulturalTourism Based on the participation in new and profound cultural experiences,either aesthetic, emotional, psychological or intellectual. Cultural touristsinterest can be found on museums, artistic performances, galleries,festivals,architecture,heritagesitesorhistoricruins.Morethan40%ofallinternational tourists have cultural motives. For many tourists, culturalinterestsarethecentralpurposeoftravelingandofvitalimportancewhenchoosingaholidaydestination.

Stebbins,1996

McKercher&DuCros,2003

Table1:FormsofTourism

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2.1.3 DefinitionofEcotourism

Especiallyenvironmentalrelatedphenomenalikeforexamplethechangeinclimate

haveraisedenvironmentalawarenessandfurthermoretheinterestinprotectingthe

environment as well as maintaining ecology (Chiu et al., 2014). Through this

recognition,anewtravelnichecalledecotourismgained importance in theoverall

travelandtourismindustry(Chiuetal.,2014).

AccordingtoCaterandCater (2015),ecotourismcanbedescribedasasustainable

formof tourism that is basedonnature aswell as cultural elements (Cater et al.,

2015).Ecotourismiscloselyrelatedtosustainabletourismandthereforecontributes

to a more successful development of sustainability (Cater et al., 2015). However,

sustainable tourism strives for environmental protection resulting from enhanced

local livelihoodsaswellas increasedprofitsforthetourismindustry itself(Cateret

al.,2015).

Therearefivefundamentalprinciplesofecotourism,namely:

1) Tourismneedstobenature-based2) Itshouldbeecologicallysustainable3) Environmentallyeducative4) Locallybeneficial5) Ithastoensurethesatisfactionoftourists

Source:Cateretal.,2015

Severalorganizationsputa lotofattention intothedevelopmentofecotourismto

protect natural resources and improve the quality of life as well as to further

enhanceprospectsformanylocalcommunities(Cateretal.,2015).Ecotourismisan

alluringalternative tomass tourismandrepresentsamoreethicalandresponsible

formoftravel.AccordingtoFennell(2009),itsprimaryfocusdealswiththenatural

historyofaregionbutalsoinfluencesofcultureoradventurecanbefound(Fennell,

2009).

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Inordertoachieveamoreresponsibleformoftourism,theprinciplesoffourpillars

mustbefollowed:

Figure2:TheFourPillarsofEcotourism

Source:Fennell,2009

The first aspect deals with the minimization of environmental impacts (Fennell,

2009).Secondly,itisnecessarytorepresenttheminimumimpactonandmaximum

respect for local cultures and communities (Fennell, 2009). The third pillar deals

with maximum economic benefits to the host country’s grassroots. Finally, it is

crucialtoreachmaximumsatisfactionofparticipatingtourists(Fennell,2009).

Another aspect of ecotourism is the educationof humans and the involvement of

residents into the development of an environmentally responsible destination by

concentrating on local resources and as a result creating economic value through

attracting tourists (Chiu et al., 2014). Another crucial aspect of ecotourism is the

behavioroftouriststhathelpstolimitoravoiddamagetotheenvironment(Chiuet

al., 2014). This environmentally responsible behavior can be seen in individuals

concern and commitment regarding the situation as well as someone’s ecological

knowledge (Chiu et al., 2014). It is necessary that tourists understand the

consequence of their behavior on the environment. Some characteristics of

responsibletouristsmanifestinactionslikerecycling,education,greenconsumption

FirstPillar

Minimalizanonof

environmentalimpact

SecondPillar

ThirdPillar

Minimumimpactonandmaximumrespectforlocalcommunines

Maximumeconomicbenefits

FourthPillar

Maximumsansfacnontoparncipnngtourists

23

aswellascommunityactivism(Chiuetal.,2014).

According to the authors, it is necessary to understand the connection between

perceived value, activity involvement, and satisfaction to ensure environmentally

responsible behavior (Chiu et al., 2014). If tourists’ needs are met, they usually

create a unique understanding and involvement in ecotourism. It is therefore

essentialtofocusonthecreationofvalue inecotourismthroughputtingemphasis

ontheplanningofecologicalresourceslikeforexampleenhancingguideactivitiesor

leisure activities, providing an excellent environmental quality as well as an

authenticenvironmentalexperience(Chiuetal.,2014).

2.1.3.1 EcologicalAwareness

Ecological awareness can be described as a general concept that includes the

perception and consideration of threats, changes as well as the opportunities

applicable(Takala,1991).Furthermore,itevenconsistsofthevalues,attitudes,and

preferencesregardingconflictinggoals(Takala,1991).

Figure3:LevelofEcologicalAwareness

Source:Kubacka,M.,&Macias,A.,2016

AccordingtoKubackaandMacias(2016),recentresearchfoundoutthatthegeneral

degreeofecologicalawarenessandknowledge is significantly low (Kubacka,M.,&

Macias, A., 2016).Most participants stated that they have an average or just low

level of ecological awareness.Nevertheless,most respondents point out that they

24

areinterestedintheconditionsoftheenvironmentandfurthermore,theyindicate

that it isnecessary toprotectenvironmental resourcesandassets (Kubacka,M.,&

Macias,A.,2016).

During the last severaldecades, therehasbeendonea lotof research to findout

more about the factors that influence environmental behavior (Niankara et al.,

2018).Besidesecologicalknowledge,threeotherfactorswereidentifiedtoclassify

the changing environmental behavior of individuals, namely cognitive, situational

and affective elements (Niankara et al., 2018). Cognitive factors are based on an

individual’s level of awareness of the environment, their understanding of critical

environmental concepts as well as their abilities to take actions (Niankara et al.,

2018). Those cognitive factors represent the level of ecological awareness,

understandingoftheenvironmentandecologicalconcepts,aperson’sperceptionof

action strategies regarding environmental problems aswell as individual skills and

abilitiestoeffectivelyapplythoseactions(Niankaraetal.,2018).Inadditiontothat,

affective factors like attitudes and emotions related to environmental issues also

playanessentialrole.Peoplewhoputalotofemphasisonbiosphericvaluesoften

tend to have stronger environmental beliefs and are more likely to act in an

environmentally beneficial way (Niankara et al., 2018). Other useful factors

influencing someone’s intention to serve are the impression of the ease of the

specific task, and individual’s pro-environmental self-identity as well as religiosity

(Niankara et al., 2018). Finally, situational factors are based on the physical

environmentwherehumanbeingslive(Niankaraetal.,2018).Theauthormentions

that direct contacts with nature or if someone has already been involved in

environmental actions, containing in-kind experiences in youth, the influence of

parents, being part of ecological clubs or observing actions of deductions of the

naturalsurroundingcanallhaveanimpactonenvironmentalbehavior(Niankaraet

al.,2018).

Recentresearchhasshownthatprogramsinnatureeducationcanhaveasignificant

contribution toenvironmentalawarenessaswell as theattitudeof itsparticipants

(Uzun et al., 2012). For example ecology- based education programs or summer

campscanhelpstudents tochange theirenvironmentalattitudespositivelyand to

become more familiar with nature, ecological values and to gain information

25

regarding ecological systems and current awareness (Uzun et al., 2012). Especially

activities that contain active learning methods and techniques can enhance an

individual’s environmental knowledge and are essential to achieving the ethical,

practicalandbehavioralobjectivesofenvironmentaleducation(Uzunetal.,2012).

2.1.4 FormsofEcotourism

Throughthegrowingsignificanceofecotourism,researchersidentifieddifferenteco-

tourist typologies todistinguisheco-tourists fromother tourist types (Hvenegaard,

2002). According toHvenegaard (2002), they can be differentiated based on their

engagementinparticularactivities,thesitestheyareenteringortheparticipationin

specifictours(Hvenegaard,2002).Furthermore,eventheirdegreeofmotivation in

environmentalprotection, social values, interest level, andawarenessmakes them

stand apart (Hvenegaard, 2002). Based on the special interests of eco-tourists,

different formsofecotourismhavebeendeveloped;allbasedonthesamegoalof

further protecting, conserving andmaintaining the natural environment to defend

PlanetEarth(Hvenegaard,2002).

2.1.4.1 Nature-basedTourism

Naturetraveldescribesastyleoftourism,whichhasasmallenvironmentalimpact,

is often defined as labor intense, contributes socially aswell as economically to a

destination and moreover combines recreational, educational and adventurous

components(Valentine,1992).Nature-basedtourismcanfurthermorebedescribed

as a journey to mostly undisturbed natural areas to study and admire the

environment including its cultural background, wild animals and plants. However,

naturaltouristsseektoenjoynaturalareaswhileobservingnature(Valentine,1992).

According to Mehmetoglu (2007), nature-based tourism is growing faster than

tourismingeneral.Nowadaysabout60%ofinternationaltouristshavenature-based

motives,andfurthermore,itisbeneficialforhosteconomies(Mehmetoglu,2007).

Nature-basedtourismiscloselyrelatedtoothertermslikeresponsibleorethical

tourism,environmental-friendlytravelbehavior,greentourismorsustainable

tourism(Valentine,1992).However,tobeecologicallysustainable,theextentof

tourismhastobeadequateforthelocationandshouldnotproducepermanent

harmforthenaturalenvironment.Recentresearchshowsthattrekkingandhiking

26

arethemostpopularactivitiesinnature-basedtourism,followedbybirdwatching,

naturephotography,andwildlifesafarisaswellascamping(Valentine,1992).

Furthermore,theauthormentionsthattherearefourtypesofnaturetourists:

1) Hard-core nature tourists: This type of tourists consists of scientific

researchersand tourmembers interested ineducationand the removalof

litter.

2) Dedicated nature tourists: These individuals undertake trips to protected

areasandfurthermoretounderstandthe local,naturalandculturalhistory

ofadestination.

3) Mainstream nature tourists: This category of tourists visits destinations

suchastheAmazonortheRwandangorillaparkwiththeprimarypurposeof

takinganunusualtrip.

4) Casual nature tourists: These tourists partake nature as part of a broader

itinerary.

Source:Mehmetoglu,2007

2.1.4.2 AdventureTourism

Adventure tourism can be described as guided commercial tours that take place

outdoorswith a particular emphasis onnatural terrains. In the last few years, the

importance of adventure tourism has grown significantly since outdoor recreation

gaineda lotofattention (Buckley,2007).According toWilliamsandSoutar (2009),

adventure tourism is the most rapidly growing outdoor tourism niche within the

specialinteresttourismsectorandislikelytocontinuebuilding.Theannualgrowth

rate is about 15%, and almost one-quarter of the European package tourmarket

offeringshaveadventuretravelasanoption(Williams&Soutar,2009).

Adventure tourists are mostly young, well educated, and affluent; they seek an

active thrill and spend a lot ofmoney to experience some adventure (Williams&

Soutar, 2009). Adventure travellers often visit some of the most remote and

extreme surroundings worldwide to satisfy their expectations to experience

emotional highs, risk, challenge, excitement aswell as novelty (Williams& Soutar,

2009). In addition to that, adventure tourism combines travel, sport, and outdoor

27

recreation(Beddie&Hudson,2003).

Someofthemostpopularactivitiesinadventuretourscontainmountainbiking,off-

roaddriving,white-waterkayaking,raftingandclimbing(Buckley,2007).According

totheauthorsBeddieandHudson(2003),therearefour individual-basedandfour

settingbasedattributesthatneedtobeconsideredduringanadventureexperience

(Beddie&Hudson,2003).Someexamplesforthoseattributesincludetheindividual

skill level, the locus of control, involvement, naturalness, social orientation,

equipment,aswellasconcentrationandtypeofrisk(Beddie&Hudson,2003).

2.1.5 EcotourismDevelopmentinLocalCommunities

Ecotourism represents the fastest growing area in tourismwith an annual growth

rateof10-15%(Scheyvens,1999).Touristsarelookingforremote,naturalandexotic

surroundings, which leads to an increase in ecotourism ventures in developing

countries(Scheyvens,1999).Asaconsequence,wildernessareasandenvironments

inhabitedby indigenouspeople arenowopen to tourists,which canhave cultural

disruption and environmental degradation as a result (Scheyvens, 1999). Several

authorshighlight the importanceofboth, thewellbeingof localpeopleaswellas

the environment when it comes to ecotourism, which in practice often does not

workout successfully. In somecases,business is theprimary interest,whichoften

leads to alienate, rather than actual benefits for local communities (Scheyvens,

1999). Some ecotourism ventures are entirely controlled from outside operators

wheremosteconomicbenefits that result fromtourismaccrue to thegovernment

(Scheyvens, 1999). Therefore it is necessary to focus on the needs, concerns, and

welfare of indigenous people and furthermore it is important to give local host

communitiesmorecontrolovertourismactivitiesaswellasahighdegreeofbenefits

that arise (Scheyvens, 1999). It is significant to develop a community- based

approachtoimprovethelivingstandardsofahostpopulationintheshortandlong

term.Thegovernmentoftendoesnotconsiderhowfinancialbenefitsresultingfrom

ecotourismshouldbedistributedamongthecommunityorinwhichdegreetheyare

affected socially or culturally by the ecotourism ventures (Scheyvens, 1999). To

achieve a higher degree of life quality, it is vital to empower local people so that

they can maximize their benefits and to get back some control over their land

(Scheyvens,1999).

28

AccordingtoScheyvens(1999),therearefourlevelsofempowerment:

1. Psychologicalempowerment

2. Socialempowerment

3. Politicalempowerment

4. Economicempowerment

Source:Scheyvens,1999

However,thedistributionofeconomicbenefitsresultingfromtourismissignificant

to be a successful and sustainable ecotourism venture (Scheyvens, 1999). An

optimisticlocalcommunityshowsthecharacteristicsofhavingfaithintheabilitiesof

its residents; is self-reliant and furthermore demonstrates pride regarding their

traditionsandculture(Scheyvens,1999).Inseveral localsocieties,thepreservation

oftraditionsisessentialtoupholdacommunity’sself-esteemandtobuildupmental

power(Scheyvens,1999).Aclearsignofsocialempowermentcanbeseenifprofits

resultingfromecotourismactivitiesareusedtosupportsocialdevelopmentprojects

like for example water supply systems or health clinics in local areas (Scheyvens,

1999).Politicallyempoweredcommunitiescanusetheirvoiceandconcernstodirect

ecotourism development projects from the feasibility stage up till its

implementation(Scheyvens,1999).Toimplementtheseempowermentprojectsand

to give local societies more control over ecotourism activities, it is necessary to

decentralize the general power from a national level to a community level

(Scheyvens,1999).However, this canappearby involvinggrassrootsorganizations,

local church groups or domestic institutions when it comes to decision-making

processesaswellasonrepresentativebodieslikenationalparkbordersorregional

tourismassociations(Scheyvens,1999).

2.1.6 EcotourisminAustria

Embacher(1994)statedthatsinceseveraldecades,tourismrepresentsasignificant

part in the Austrian economy (Embacher, 1994). The tourism sector contributed

8.8%tothetotalGDPofAustriain2016.Domestictouristsandtouristscomingfrom

Austriaspentmore than40billioneuro in2016whileonholiday (FederalMinistry

Republic of Austria, 2019). In addition to that, Austria offers more than 64,500

accommodation establishments including about 1.1 million beds. The main

29

motivations for tourists to visit Austria are themountains, the skiing destinations,

and the 9 UNESCOworld heritage sights, festivals, and concerts, thermal springs,

and spas as well as conferences, conventions, and seminars (Federal Ministry

RepublicofAustria,2019).

Figure4:ThemostImportantSourceMarketsofAustrianTourism

Source:FederalMinistryRepublicAustria,2019.

AccordingtotheFederalMinistry(2019),morethan41.5millionguestsspendabout

141millionovernightsinAustriaeveryyear.Thethreemostsignificantmarketsare

Germany,thedomesticmarketandtheNetherlandscoveringmorethan71%ofall

overnights(FederalMinistryRepublicofAustria,2019).Observeddatafromrecently

made surveys shows that tourists highly appreciate the Austrian landscape and

nature, the sports offerings during summer as well as the alpine winter.

Furthermore, Austria offers a high quality of food and drinks, a wide variety of

hotels, accessibility and warm hospitality (Federal Ministry Republic of Austria,

2019).

30

Figure5:MostPopularTouristRegionsinAustria

Source:FederalMinistryRepublicofAustria,2019.

The Federal Ministry (2019) stated that most tourists prefer travelling to Tyrol,

followedbySalzburgaswellasVienna,thecapitalofAustria.Onaveragetheyspend

3.4 days in Austria, mostly accommodated in 5/4 stars hotels and 3 stars hotels

(FederalMinistryRepublicofAustria,2019).Around74%ofthesetouriststravelto

Austriabycar, followedbyairplaneandtrain(FederalMinistryRepublicofAustria,

2019).Accordingtotheauthor,especiallyregionaldevelopmentandtransportation

are of vital importance when it comes to environmentally responsible

measurements in Austria (Leuthold, 2001). Several regions are faced with the

challengeofholidaytraffic,whichneedstobedecreasedbyseveralareas(Leuthold,

2001).

Besidesoftraditionalformsoftourism,theimportanceofnaturetourismbecamea

significant part of the Austrian tourist industry (Leuthold, 2001). This growing

industrysectoroffersnewsourcesof livelihoodincontrasttoruralareas. Itcanbe

describedastourismwithactivitiesthataremainlyrelatedtonature(Nastaseetal.,

2010).TypicalactivitiestopromoteecotourismindestinationslikeAustriawouldbe

31

for instanceofferings for tourists to stay inor get to knownature throughguided

tours innationalparksornature reservesaswell ashiking tours (Leuthold, 2001).

Another possibility would be educating tourists about ecological, cultural and

historicalaspectsoftheregion(Leuthold,2001).

2.1.6.1 GeneralInformationofAustria

Austriahasabout8.7million inhabitantsand is located inCentralEurope(Austrian

Embassy, 2019). The total size covers 83,878 square kilometers and there is an

appearance of a temperate and alpine climate. The capital and at the same time

largestcityofAustriaisVienna(AustrianEmbassy,2019).TherepublicofAustriacan

bedescribedasaFederalStateconsistingofnineautonomousprovinces(Parliament

ofAustria,2019).Thefederalprincipledescribesasystemwherethelegislativeand

executive forces are shared between the provincial governments and the federal

governments(ParliamentofAustria,2019).

Thefederalprovincesare:

1) Vienna

2) LowerAustria

3) UpperAustria

4) Tyrol

5) Styria

6) Salzburg

7) Vorarlberg

8) Carinthia

9) Burgenland

Source:ParliamentofAustria,2019

MostpartsofAustriaarehighlymountainousincludingtheAlpsandjustabout32%

of the country’s total area is less than 500meters high (Austrian Embassy, 2019).

Onemajor issue regardingAustrian landscape is the appearanceof a sceneunder

cultivation (Dramstad et al., 2003). A research project was developed to create a

sectorial and transnational coordination system to evaluate the functions of

landscape and to create a method for efficient land use (Dramstad et al., 2003).

32

Accordingtotheresults,theeffectsofagricultureonnumerouslandscapefunctions

suchas resourceprotection, thehazarddamageprotection, the spatial structuring

function,thehabitatfunctionaswellastherecreationfunctionareincludedintothe

appearanceofalandscape(Dramstadetal.,2003).Thealreadymentionedfunctions

were identified inanareaof intenseagricultural landuseanda lowappearanceof

woodland. In general, there is a need for better protection of agricultural land

startingfromanational, international,politicalaswellasscientific level (Dramstad

etal.,2003).Agriculturallandisoftenseenasaremainingarea,andforthatreason,

severalprojectsaimtoachieveamoresustainableandeconomicuse(Dramstadet

al.,2003).Researchers identifiedanon-going trendabout segregation into regions

thathaveintensiveproductionandextensivelyusedareas(Dramstadetal.,2003).

Asaconsequence,thereisadiminutionofagriculturalfunctionstojustonepurpose

on one side and the expiration of agricultural land use at all on the other side

(Dramstad et al., 2003). These circumstances represent the need for a thorough

planning process, especially in areas that are under high pressure regarding

competing for land uses.However, agricultural land and green structure elements

even offer functions besides food production and rawmaterials (Dramstad et al.,

2003).

Figure6:CORINELandCoverTypes–2012

Source:EuropeanCommission,2017

33

The above-displayed map of Austria shows the different land cover types of the

country(EuropeanCommission,2017).Themainareasareoccupiedbyforestedland

and semi-natural vegetation (European Commission, 2017). Arable land and

permanentcropscover largecities inthenortheast followedbyartificialareasand

pastures and mosaics (European Commission, 2017). Wetlands and water bodies

represent the smallestpartof landusewherebyopenspacesorbare soils regions

arealmostnotfeasible(EuropeanCommission,2017).

Ingeneral,Austriacontains12differentlandscapetypes,andeachofthemshowsa

distinctspatialconfigurationofhabitatsandspecificenvironmentalfactorsbasedon

anthropogenicandnaturalinfluences(Zechmeisteretal.,2003).

Someofthoselandscapetypesaremainlyinfluencedbyagriculture:

1) Semi-naturalgrasslandofthesubalpinebelt

2) Anagriculturalmountainouslandscapewithmanagedgrassland

3) ManagedgrasslandinAlpinevalleysandbasins

4) Managedgrasslandinextra-Alpinelowlandvalleys

5) Lowlandmixedagriculture

6) Lowlandwithmainlyarablecropland

7) Alandscapedominatedbyvineyards.

Source:Zechmeisteretal.,2003

Accordingtorecentresearch,eveninAustriaclimatechangemustbeconsideredas

a significant issue to biodiversity combined with habitat change, invasive alien

species, pollution, and overexploitation (Renetzeder et al., 2010). Especially in the

highAlps changes in ecosystem related to climate changehavebeendocumented

(Renetzeder et al., 2010). The evidence is given through the spreading of invasive

species, the threat of plant diversity and essential ecosystem services like the

availabilityofwaterandwaterqualityoragriculturalproductivity(Renetzederetal.,

2010).

2.1.6.2 TheImportanceofEcotourisminAustria

Besideshotelsandtraditionalwaysofaccommodation,Agri-tourismhasagrowing

role inAustria’stourismsector(Embacher,1994).Morethan21,000farmsprovide

34

about 109,000 rooms for tourists, which shows that Austrian farm holidays gain

significance (Embacher, 1994). According to Embacher (1994), this niche offers an

additional income for farmers, and furthermore, tourists have the opportunity to

spend valuable and fascinating holidays on a traditional farm (Embacher, 1994).

Farmholidays canbedescribedasa sustainable formof tourismsince theoffer is

regional and the resources are already built up. In addition to that,most benefits

remain in the region; locals provide the service and farmers offer mainly local

products to the tourists (Embacher, 1994). Moreover, farm holidays are relevant

whenitcomestoenvironmentallyandsociallyfriendlyformsoftourismsincethey

arehighlyecological(Embacher,1994).

Avarietyofindicatorsforeco-regionsareorganicfarmerswithinaparticularregion

offeringbiological products, co-operationbetweenagricultureand tourism like for

example tourism packages including agriculture products or initiatives and

associations for activities and tours in natural surroundings (Leuthold, 2001).

IndependentinterestgroupsandrepresentativesofAustrianassociationsneedtobe

taken into account to effectively create new innovative ideas to further improve

sustainablestrategiesforregionaldevelopmentinalpineregions(Leuthold,2001).

Figure7:TouristInterestsinAustria

Source:Leuthold,2001

Accordingtoasurveyregardingthetravelpurposeoftourists,49%oftouriststravel

toAustriaforhikingtours,15%cometomakeaculturalholidayand28%arelooking

49%

15%

28%

TouristInterestsinAustria

HikingTours

Culturalholidays

Sportsandbicycleexperience

35

for a sports or bicycle experience (Leuthold, 2001). These results showecological

and social tourist intentions and furthermore indicate a responsible stay in eco-

touristicallyareas.Anothersurveypointedoutthatabout29%oftouriststravelling

inand toAustriahavenature-basedandenvironmental interests (Leuthold,2001).

Furthermore, 64% of interviewed people expect environmental information from

their travel agents about the holiday destination and prefer agents that act

environmentallysensitive(Leuthold,2001).Anotherinterestingresultisthat34%of

touristsinAustriashoweco-touristmotivationthroughtheirinterestingettingmore

informationaboutdifferentsurroundings,gettingincontactwithlocalsorobserving

animals in their natural environments (Leuthold, 2001). To summarize theoverall

findings,itcanbesaidthataboutonehalfoftheovernightstaysinAustriashoweco

tourist motivations and that the most popular ecotourism activities in Austria

includetripstonationalparksandnaturereserves,flowedbyvisitstowildlifeparks

andstaysinregionslessfrequentedbytourists(Leuthold,2001).

2.1.7 ProtectionLabelsandActionPlans

Over the last several decades, the preservation of natural heritage that remained

became amajor global topic of concern (Borre et al., 2011). Due to that issue, a

significant number of legislative initiatives at different administrative levels are

taking thisproblem intoaccount (Borreetal.,2011). In1992, theEuropeanUnion

adopted the Habitats Directive, commanding on EU member states to put more

emphasisontheconservationofrareandthreatenedhabitatsandspecies(Borreet

al., 2011). Besides the fact that protected areas function as biological diversity

reservoirs, they furthermore offer a great green infrastructure and provide

environmentalresilienceaswellasecosystemservices(Katietal.,2015).Inaddition

tothat,protectedareasplayanimportantrolewhenitcomestohumanwell-being

and localwealthbasedonnationalandglobalscales (Katietal.,2015).Benefitsof

ecosystemservices includeessentialtaskssuchasthesupplyoftangibleresources,

water,andsustainablygrowncropsandtimberaswellasprocessesthatcontrolthe

qualityofwaterandair(Gantioleretal.,2014).Inadditiontothat,protectedareas

evenoffersocialserviceslikeforexampletheopportunityofrecreationandtourism,

themaintenanceofculturalidentityandsenseofplace(Gantioleretal.,2014).The

protection of these ecological processes is significant to preserve the overall

36

functioning of natural systems. Habitats that are healthy and well operation can

improvetheresilienceofecosystemstoresistorevenadapttodisruptionsbeyond

thesitelevel(Gantioleretal.,2014).Ecosystemsthatarevaluableinfloraandfauna

are often marked as national parks or biosphere reserves (Bastian, 2013). These

areas can be seen as a precondition and framework for sustainable development

throughtheprovisionofnumerouseconomicactivitieslikeforexampleagriculture,

forestryornature-basedtourism(Bastian,2013).

Two regulations are of major significance when it comes to environmental

protection:

• Natura2000isanEU-widenetworkthatrepresentsoneoftheworldsmost

aspiringprojectdevelopmentsconcerningtheconservationofbiodiversity.It

is designed to prevent the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of

ecosystem services in the EU (Bastian, 2013). According to Gantioler, the

network includes about 26,000 sites and covers roughly 18% of the EU

territory. The member states are committed to developing conservation

measurements to restore Europe’s most endangered species and habitat

typesfortodaybutalsoforupcominggenerations(Gantioleretal.,2014).

• Agenda 21 is an international blueprint for sustainable development and

oneofthemostenduringandeffectiveoutcomesduringtheEarthSummit

in1992.InEurope,about4,000cities,municipalitiesataregionalandlocal

levelandauthoritiesareengagedinthisprocess(Evans&Theobald,2003).

Agenda 21 represents a vision of global ecology that furthermore defines

significant problems like global warming, population growth, and species

extinction.AccordingtoDoyle(1998),Agenda21isaconceptofsustainable

development thatpromotes theaimofprogress througheconomicgrowth

andindustrialization(Doyle,1998).

2.1.7.1 ProtectionLabelsandActionPlansinAustria

Vienna, the federal capital of Austria, has approximately 1.8 million inhabitants

(Feichtinger & Pregernig, 2005). Politically, Vienna holds a unique position within

Austriangovernmental structures, since it is thenational capitalofAustria,oneof

nine federal states, and amunicipalitywith the unique legal status of a statutory

town(Feichtinger&Pregernig,2005).In1997,acomprehensivestrategyforanLA21

37

for the entire city of Viennawas elaborated and just a few years later a citywide

meta-structure,namelytheAssociationLocalAgenda21inVienna,wasestablished

(Feichtinger&Pregernig,2005).TheAssociationservesasacoordinationofficeand

takesonadditionalresponsibilitiessuchasthefinancingofagendaprocesses,public

relationswork, and networkingAustrian and international activities (Feichtinger&

Pregernig, 2005). Local Agenda 21 activities have concentrated upon a coalition

between citizens, the people working in the Agenda Office and sympathetic

politicians(Feichtinger&Pregernig,2005).

The LA21 process in Vienna is very much based on the principles of grassroots

democracy and citizens’ self-determination. The central aim is to develop and

supportsustainabledevelopmentatthedistrictlevelvialocalcitizens’participation

(Feichtinger&Pregernig,2005).Thecentralinstrumentsofcitizens’involvementare

theworkshopsofprojectsandideasandtheprojectgroups(Feichtinger&Pregernig,

2005). These workshops are a forum, in which new ideas are presented, and the

progress of existing projects is reported and discussed (Feichtinger & Pregernig,

2005). The workshop-like setting allows interested citizens to get in contact with

other like-mindedpeople, to joinanexistingprojectgroupor to findsupport fora

new idea (Feichtinger & Pregernig, 2005). The way Agenda projects ideas are

formulated, represents a very emancipatory viewaccording towhich local citizens

areperceivedasexpertsontheirownlivesandtheurbanenvironment.Altogether

theLA21processseemsto fulfill thenormativedemandsofparticipationtoavery

high degree (Feichtinger & Pregernig, 2005). In principle, the process is open and

inclusive for all individuals who may wish to participate; citizens have significant

influence on both the content and the process of work in LA21 initiatives; and,

finally, the style of interaction comes close to a social space of rational and

enlighteneddeliberationanddebate(Feichtinger&Pregernig,2005).

38

InadditiontoLA21projects,delaysandcomplaintsconcerningsitedesignationand

management were decisive to furthermore establish Natura 2000 action plans in

Austria (Geitzenauer et al., 2016). By 2012, all of the federal states that were

selected implemented action plans including consultants that supported them by

constructing these plans as well as financial estimates (Geitzenauer et al., 2016).

These plans involve guidelines of protection andmeasurements including specific

sites, species, and habitats that need protection (Geitzenauer et al., 2016). The

planning process consists of two phases, a risk analysis, to specify the most

imperative needs formeasure and the concepts for conservation. The plans even

serveasaguidelinetodefineparticularfieldsofaction(Geitzenaueretal.,2016).

Figure8:Natura2000SitesinAustria

Source:EuropeanEnvironmentAgency,2012

Themaprepresentedabove,showsthespecificareasinAustriathatareunderthe

regulationofNatura2000(EuropeanEnvironmentAgency,2012).Furthermoreitis

possibletoseethespatialcombinationofsites.InAustriathereisanappearanceof

overlaps between nationally designated sites andNatura 2000 sites,which is very

significant.TheseareasaredisplayedinalightgreencolorwithamajorityofNatura

2000 sites in Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna and Styria (European

EnvironmentAgency,2012).

39

2.2 YouthEducation

Education can be described as an intentional learning process either public or

privateandfurthermoreitincludesprimary,secondaryorpost-secondaryschooling,

which is accredited by the government or another body (Dryden-Peterson et al.,

2015).However,educationcanbenon-formal, includingcatch-upclasses, tutoring,

or other structured but non-credential-bearing activities, which are managed and

organizedeitherbyacommunityor individuals (Dryden-Petersonetal.,2015).The

definition of youth varies from country to country (Dryden-Peterson et al., 2015).

AccordingtotheUnitedStates,youthdescribespersonsthatarebetweentheages

of 15 and 24 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007).

Recent statistical data shows that about 1.03 billion, meaning 18 per cent of the

totalworldpopulationareyouth.Thisagegroupdefinespersonsthatareinaperiod

of transition between childhood’s dependence and adulthood’s independence

(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2007). Furthermore,

people of this age are in the phase of leaving compulsory education and starting

their first employment. Based on the demographic, financial, economic and socio-

cultural setting, the definition of youth can vary (United Nations Department of

EconomicandSocialAffairs,2007).Researchersaroundtheworldsay that there is

growing consensus that youth is a social construct where themarkers define the

start aswell as the end of the stage,which differs, based on culture and context

(Dryden-Petersonetal.,2015).

Besides the formal education system, there are informal possibilities that can

influenceyoutheducationsignificantlylikecampprograms,whichcanbedescribed

asleisureactivitiesforyouth(Schelbeetal.,2018).Recentresearchhasshownthat

adventurecampshaveapositiveinfluenceonthedevelopmentofyouthandspecific

areassuchas thedevelopmentof self-constructs, social relationships,physicaland

cognitive skills as well as spirituality (Schelbe et al., 2018). Young people,

experiencing camp life are likely to havemore unique social skills, self-confidence

and self-esteem and are more likely to grow up independent and adventurous

(Schelbeetal.,2018).

40

2.2.1 DefinitionofYouthEducation

In the modern education system of high schools, it is possible to identify three

differentlearningmodelsthataredominant(Lynch,2000).

Figure9:PredominantLearningModels

Source:Lynch,2000

1. Firstly, vocational education is a program established to prepare students to gain

knowledge as well as job skills to offer them a direct opportunity to enter

employmentimmediatelyaftergraduation.Vocationaleducationisusedtoprepare

students for the labor market and to teach practical and life skills like word

processing,anintroductionofhowtoworkwithcomputers,technicaleducationas

wellasfamilyorconsumersciences.Morethan75percentofcomprehensivehigh

schoolsoffernumeroussubjectsaboutspecific labormarketpreparationprograms

like agriculture, business and office, trade and industrial, childcare, hospitality or

technology.

2. Secondly, several schools offer curriculums with a major, where students choose

specificsubjectssuchasgeneral,professionalorappliedwork,organizeinternships

andmanage projects.Majors can vary from areas like performing arts and liberal

artstotechnology,math,andscience.

3. The third model is about work-based learning experiences, which represent an

integralpartoftheoverallcurriculum.

Source:Lynch,2000

According to the authors, this model is an educational approach that takes

advantageofworkplacestostructurelearningexperiences,whichcontributetothe

Vocanonaleducanon

Curriculumsofferingamajor

Work-basedlearningexperiences

41

social, intellectual, academic and career development of youth (Lynch, 2000).

Furthermore,this issupplementedbyschoolactivitiesthatapply, refine,reinforce,

or extend their way of studying, which happens through working in a company.

However, through this, students create attitudes, skills, habits, knowledge, and

insights from school as well as work experiences and therefore they can connect

learningwithactivitiesinthework-life(Lynch,2000).

2.2.1.1 YouthEducationinAustria

In Austria, the education system ismainly organized on a regional basis,meaning

that the Federal Government has just little influence (Green, 1999). State-run

schools dominate the overall school system, yet at the secondary level, these are

selectivebyacademicability(Green,1999).

Figure10:TheAustrianEducationSystem

Source:BundesministeriumfürBildung,2016

The grades are divided into a Primary level, Lower Secondary level, and Upper

secondary level. After primary school, students’ can choose between continuing

their studies at aNew Secondary School or an Academic Secondary School Lower

Cycle(BundesministeriumfürBildung,2016).Afterfouryears,students’eitherfinish

theirmandatoryschoolthroughdoingoneyearataPre-vocationalSchooltostarta

Part-timeVocationalSchoolandApprenticeshiporIntegrativeVocationalTraining.If

studentsdecidetokeepondoingafurthereducationtheyhavetheoptionsofeither

Primaryschool

AcademicSecondarySchoolLowerCycle

SchoolforIntermediate

VocanonalEducanon

CollegeforHigherVocanonalEducanon

NewSecondarySchool

AcademicSecondarySchoolUpperCycle

42

doing a School for Intermediate Vocational Education, a College for Higher

Vocational Education or an Academic Secondary School Upper Cycle

(BundesministeriumfürBildung,2016).Thedifferentschooltypesarecharacterized

byavaryinglevelofdifficulty,lengthandgraduationtype(Green,1999).Atthepost-

compulsory education level, provision ismainlywork-based, predominated by the

dual system of the so-called apprentice training, which combines in-company

training with a specific number of days per week, an individual has to spend in

schoolto learnmoreaboutgeneraleducationsubjectsaswellasvocationaltheory

(Green,1999). AccordingtoGreen (1999), theunionsandchambersofcommerce

worksignificantlysupportthissystem.Theparametersoftightfederalcontroltryto

maintainahighqualityoftraining(Green,1999).

2.2.1.2 ExtracurricularActivitiesandInformalEducation

According to the authors Eccles, Barber, Stone andHunt (2003), youth passmore

than half of their time in leisure activities (Eccles et al., 2003). Recent research

documents that a significant number of young people spend this time for

unstructured activities likewatching television. Scientists argue that thismisspent

timecouldbeusedwellthroughwaysthatpromotepositivedevelopmentandatthe

same time avert the formation of developmental problems (Eccles et al., 2003).

Extracurricular activities entail developmental consequences that improve the

psychologyanddevelopmentofyouthpositivelyandfurthermore;adolescentsthat

participate in such programs get entirely prepared for the transition to becoming

adulthood(Ecclesetal.,2003).

AccordingtoFeldmanandMatjaski(2005),75%of14-year-oldsalreadyparticipate

inextracurricularactivities(Feldmanetal.,2005).

43

Figure11:ExtracurricularActivities

Source:Feldmanetal.,2005

Based on the figure displayed above, most students are interested in sports and

athletics,followedbyactivitiesrelatedtomusicandacademicclubs(Feldmanetal.,

2005).Vocationalclubsandparticipationinanewspaperoryearbooksupportthese

activities, and the smallestproportionof students ispartofa cheerleadingordrill

team(Feldmanetal.,2005).

In Austria, several organizations support extracurricular activities like charity

organizations, self-governing youth associations and social organizations (Federal

Ministry of Families and Youth, 2015). Youth organizations use an integrative and

participatoryeducational structureandpromotecreativity to furtherdevelop skills

and talents (Federal Ministry of Families and Youth, 2015). Youth Information

Centers help young people through their developmental phase and support them

with relevant information to more comfortable cross the transformation into

adulthood. Other sectors provide Professional Open Children and Youth Work

organizationsthathelpyoungpeopletopracticerecreationalactivities,tofindtheir

ownidentityinsocietyandgiveadviceaswellasorientationhints(FederalMinistry

ofFamiliesandYouth,2015).

18%

30%

6%13%

20%

13%

ExtracurricularAc]vi]es

Academicclubs

Athlencs

Cheerleading

Yearbook

Music

Vocanonalclub

44

However, scientists pretend that organized and constructive activities provide

severalopportunitiesforyouthdevelopment(Ecclesetal.,2003):

1. Youthgainandpracticespecificskillsreferringtosocial,physical,and

intellectualsettings

2. Youthgetafeelingofbeingamemberinacommunityandbeinginvolvedin

thewellbeingofthegroup

3. Youthbecomeamemberofavaluedandsociallyacknowledgedcommunity

4. Youthcanbuildupasocialnetworkwithadultsandpeersthatcanbe

supportiveinthepresentaswellasinthefuture

5. Youthhavetodealwithnewchallengesandexperiences

Source:Ecclesetal.,2003

The authors furthermore describe a relationship between extracurricular activities

and school achievements, which is supported by sociology studies, leisure studies

andinterdisciplinarystudiesofyouthdevelopment(Ecclesetal.,2003).Moreover,it

can be argued that there is a secure connection between extracurricular activities

andadulteducationalattainment,earningsandprofession(Ecclesetal.,2003).

Otherpositiveeffectsofextracurricularactivitiesinclude:

1. Enhancedinterpersonalcompetencies

2. Abetterself-concept

3. Anadvancedhighschoolgradepointaverage

4. Moreenthusiasticschoolengagement

5. Increasingeducationalaspirations

6. Ageneralhighereducationalachievement

7. Abetterqualityofemployment

8. Ahigherdegreeofactiveparticipationinpoliticalprocesses

9. Improvedengagementinsports

10. Thebettersituationofmentalhealth

Source:Ecclesetal.,2003

45

Basedonalreadyexistingliterature,itcanbeassumedthatextracurricularactivities

helpyouthtoexpresstheiridentitythroughskillsdevelopment,creatingpreferences

and connecting with others (Feldman et al., 2005). Furthermore, adolescents can

developsocialandhumancapital,andtheyexperienceachallengingsettingthat is

notpartofanacademicenvironment(Feldmanetal.,2005).

2.2.1.3 TheParentalRoleinExtracurricularActivities

Besidesthepositiveeffectsofextracurricularactivities,therealsoexistsanimageof

overworked and over-busy young people (Kremer-Sadlik et al., 2010). Several

researchers criticize that youth do not have enough space to experience self-

determinedcreativeinvestigationoftheenvironmenttheyliveinandfurthermore,

they argue that these circumstances limit the possibility of engaging into intimate

friendships (Kremer-Sadlik et al., 2010). Overworked children do not have the

opportunityof feeling free,emptyandunplannedwhich is said tobeessential for

children’sfurtherdevelopment(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).Severalauthorsputalot

of emphasison findingabalancebetweena child-centeredapproachorparenting

andapushforachievement(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).Itissignificanttoavoidtoo

much pressure to participate in activities, which often occurs in societies where

childrenareexpectedtoperformlikeadultsandtogrowupfasterthantheyshould

(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).

Instead of creating pressure, parents need to support and stimulate a children’s

development and furthermore, promote their social as well as cognitive skills

(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).Parentshelptheirchildrenbyprovidinganenvironment

that improves reasoning and verbal skills, a children’s sense of individuation and

arrangingactivitiesthatfocusonthedevelopmentofpersonalskills (Kremer-Sadlik

et al., 2010).Mostparentsperceiveextracurricular activities as anopportunity for

theirchildrentoacquirevitalskillsandtraitsthatwillhelpthemtohaveprofessional

andpersonalsuccessinthefuture(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).Overallfindingsshow

that parents play a significant role in the practical experience of a child in

extracurricular activities (Anderson et al., 2003). It is recommended that parents

rather encourage their children’s involvement instead of creating pressure

(Anderson et al., 2003). Children need tomake their own decisions based on the

activities theywant toparticipate inand towhatdegree theywant tobe involved

46

(Anderson et al., 2003). A positive level of encouragement will affect a children’s

perceivedlevelofenjoymentinactivities(Andersonetal.,2003). Ifchildrendonot

enjoy the activities they participate in, they will not benefit from positive skill

developmentandpeerinteraction(Andersonetal.,2003).Accordingtotheauthors,

it would be beneficial if parents were willing to share and experience activities

togetherwiththeirchildrentoraisemotivationandoptimizedevelopmentaleffects

(Kremer-Sadliketal.,2010).

2.2.2 PsychologyofYouth

Youthpsychologymainlydealswithdevelopmentalpsychology,whichisaprocessof

growthandincreasingcompetence(Larson,2000).Furthermore,thisdealswiththe

social and emotional development of youth and how to become a motivated,

socially competent, directed, compassionate and psychologically vigorous adult

(Larson, 2000). Nowadays, it is a surprising phenomenon that a high number of

youngpeople tend tobebored,unexcitedandunmotivated in their lives,which is

mostlyasignofadeficiencyinpositivedevelopment(Larson,2000).Althoughthese

boredadolescencesdotheirhomework,getalongwiththeirparentsandgooutwith

friends to positively get through the day, they are not feeling excitement or

willingnesstoinvestinpathsintotheirfuture(Larson,2000).However,itisofgreat

necessitytolitadolescents’firestobeabletodevelopacomplexofdispositionsand

furthermore to create skills that are needed to take charge of life (Larson, 2000).

Onekeyrequirementtoenhancepositivedevelopmentistheinitiativetostrengthen

youthcreativity,leadership,altruism,andcivicengagement.Anotherusefulmethod

fordevelopmentalpsychology is thepossibility togiveyoungpeopleactivities that

are equivalent to family, school, and peers (Larson, 2000). For instance, the

participation in school extracurricular activities or community organizations is

proofed tohaveapositive influenceonhigher self-esteem, feelingof controlover

life,highereducationalmotivations,andgoals,aswellaslowerratesofdelinquency

(Larson,2000). According to theauthor,evenadventureprograms foraperiodof

one or two weeks can be a great tool, because youth have to challenge severe

mental,physicalandinterpersonaltasksinawildernesssurrounding. Inadditionto

the challenges, youth have to complete, the social integration into a group is

another step into the right direction of positive development (Larson, 2000).

47

Sociological theory points out that a process of secondary socialization, which

involves the assimilation of a group’s norms and internalization, follows the

integration into a group (Larson, 2000). Through the participation in service

activities,youthcanobserveandpractice fundamental rolesandprocessesofcivic

engagement and that the creation of relationships to group members and adult

leaders provides them with a valuable social capital (Larson, 2000). However,

psychologists also suggest that practical knowledge in service activities can offer

interestingreflectivematerialatacriticaljunctureintermsofidentitydevelopment,

whichyouthincorporateintotheiridentitywork(Larson,2000).

2.2.3 EnvironmentalPsychology

Environmental psychology deals with the transaction between human individuals

andtheirnaturalenvironment(Giffordetal.,2012).Itisabouttheassumptionthat

the actions of individuals change the natural environment and furthermore that

their experience andwell-being are changed in turn by the climate (Gifford et al.,

2012). Some theories in environmental psychology emphasized the central

psychologicalprocess likestimulationandcontrol.Oftenthere isanappearanceof

toomuch or too little stimulus, which furthermore predicts that a great range of

behavior and experiences is going to be influenced by someone’s stage of

stimulation(Giffordetal.,2012).Ontheotherhand,sometheoriesmainlyunderline

the significance of a person’s perceived or actual control over the environment.

However, the ecological approach claims that the importance of the behavioral

setting, a naturally appearing small-scale social-physical unit comprises out of

regular patterns of person-environment behavior (Gifford et al., 2012). Integral or

holisticapproachesdescribethecompleteinterrelationshipbetweenindividualsand

thesetting.Finally,therealsoexistsanoperantapproach,whichrepresentsabstract

principlesandgivespreferencetoadirectproblem-solvingapproach(Giffordetal.,

2012). This approach deals with behavior modification methods to deal with

problematic environmental behaviors. One primary employment of ecological

psychology is the enhancement of nature management and its significant but

restrictedresources(Giffordetal.,2012).

48

2.2.4 EcologicalAwarenessandEducation

The word ecology originally comes from the ancient Greek term for household,

describing the connection between organisms to each other as well as to their

environment (Cohen, 1992). Nowadays, ecology and issues related to it have

become a significant topic in our lives and ecological concerns are becoming a

subjectallovertheworld(Cohen,1992).Especiallytheurgencytofigureoutmore

effectivemethodsofpromotingenvironmentalawarenessandbehaviorfocusingon

the conservation and preservation of our limited natural resources is a significant

concernaffectingboth,childrenandadultsinoursociety(Cohenetal.,1990).

Particularlyamongtheyounggeneration,thisissuehasgainedcriticalsignificanceas

theconcernforourendangeredplanedbecamereasonable(Cohen,1992).Through

the use of numerous activities and projects that are ecologically inspired, the

knowledge and ecological awareness of environmental issues should be improved

andfurtherdeveloped inapositiveway(Cohenetal.,1990).Practices intendedto

promoteyouthawarenessof crucial environmental issuesneed tobeappropriate,

takeplaceacrossrealsettingsandincludeactiveexplorationofyouth(Cohen,1992).

Inadditiontothat,learningenvironmentsforyouththatareecologicallybasedneed

to offer real interactions with nature. Research has shown, that the involvement

withnaturerepresentsacrucialcomponent inpromotingyouth’sunderstandingof

ecology(Cohenetal.,1990).

However,anothercentralissue,concerningoursociety,showstheneedtoworkon

achange inourattitudeandbehaviortogetabetterunderstandingoftheplanets

limited, natural resources (Cohen, 1992). Researchers found out that through the

use of games dealing with ecological units, students get a unique opportunity to

learn more efficiently about specific contents while they gain relevant skills in

problem-solving(Cohen,1992).However, integratedlearning iscrucialforstudents

ofeveryagegroup.Ifstudentsstartworkingasscientists,theybecomemoreusedto

topics concerning the environment as well as general scientific problems (Cohen,

1992). According to Cohen (1992), students must become more involved in the

searching process for solutions to ecological issues. Educators need to improve

youth’sawarenessandencourageactiveaswellascreativeeffortstopreserveand

furtherprotectPlanetEarth(Cohen,1992).

49

2.2.5 EnvironmentalEducation

Environmental knowledge can be described as someone’s awareness of ecological

problems, which in result could increase peoples concern about the environment

(Zsóka et al., 2013). Through an appropriate education method, it is possible to

change students’ attitudes regarding the situation, which includes an

environmentally conscious lifestyle, consumption habits or other solutions

addressingenvironmentalproblems (Zsókaetal.,2013).Achange inattitudesand

valuesisthefirststepforfurtheractions.Pro-environmentalbehaviorcanbeseenin

internal factors like for example knowledge, beliefs or values but also in external

factors like the availability of suitable infrastructure or the degree of sacrifice

entailed (Zsóka et al., 2013). The behavior of youth can be influenced most

effectively through the immediate environment like family, friends, and education

(Zsókaetal.,2013).

Figure12:TheImpactofEnvironmentalEducationonStudents

Source:Zsókaetal.,2013

TheauthorsZsóka,Szerényi,Széchy&Kocsis(2013)surveyedtoshowtheimpactof

environmentaleducationonstudents(Zsókaetal.,2013).Thestudyshowsthat11%

of students that were taking part in the survey reported not to make any

environmental-related course. Another 29% said that they never heard about the

environmentthroughouttheirstudiesand35%ofstudentswereabletolistthreeor

11%

29%

35%

14%

ImpactofEnvironmentalEduca]ononStudents

Noenvironmental-relatedcourse

Neverheardaboutanyenvironmentaltopicduringcourses

Threeoremoresubjectsdealingwithenvironment

Specializedinenvironmentalissues

50

moresubjectsdealingwithenvironmentaltopics(Zsókaetal.,2013).Finally,14%of

university students were specialized in environmental studies at the time of

sampling. Based on these results, the authors furthermore mention that

environmental education has excellent power when it comes to environmental

awareness, everyday life and consumer behavior of youth (Zsóka et al., 2013). A

variety of different education institutes found out that the integration of

sustainability issues into education has a positive effect on students’ behavior of

acting environmentally responsible aswell as their attitudes regarding sustainable

consumption(Zsókaetal.,2013).Studentsmostlytendtoenvironmentallyfriendly

activitiesthathaveminorchangesconcerningtheirlifestylelikerecycling,usingfair

tradeproductsorsavingenergyandwater.Environmentaleducationhasshownthe

bestresultwhenusingactivitieswherestudentsarewillingtoengagebutmoreover

wherewillingnessisincreasingalongwiththerecognizedutilityoftheaction(Zsóka

et al., 2013). According to Zsóka, Szerényi, Széchy & Kocsis (2013) environmental

education influencesstudents’environmentalbehaviorpositively throughavariety

ofways including the transferofvaluesandknowledgeand furthermoreproviding

examplesandformingtheinstitutionintoasocialsetting(Zsókaetal.,2013).Abig

challenge for environmental education will be to go beyond the part of just

transferringknowledge.Inadditiontothat,itisessentialtofindaneffectivewayof

how to encourage sustainable lifestyles among students by offering tools that are

efficientenoughtocreateabroadersocietalimpact(Zsókaetal.,2013).However,it

has been found out that attitude-focused teaching methods tend to be more

successfulwhenitcomestobehavioralchangesthantheuseofknowledge-oriented

instruments.Educationneeds to takeover the roleof leading students tobecome

active and responsible individuals when facing sustainability-oriented challenges

(Zsóka et al., 2013). An effective way to achieve behavioral change through

educationistheapplicationofsystematicandholisticthinking,integratingdifferent

views,promotingskills likeproblem-solvingorcritical thinkingaswellasbecoming

anactiveagentforchange(Zsókaetal.,2013).Itisachallengingprojecttoprovide

youthwith all skills that are necessary to become a change agent. Environmental

education aims to engage students with a complex set of tools that contains

cognitive,practicalaswellasconativeelementsthatfosterbehavioralchange(Zsóka

etal.,2013).

51

2.2.6 EducationandEcotourism

However,onecentralaspectofmanagingenvironmentalgrowthisthepromotionof

ecotourismand furthermore to focusonenvironmental learning,whichcouldbea

significant tool to reduce negative impacts and improve ecological awareness

(Kimmel,1999).Thegrowingindustryofecotourismmotivatesmanypeopletovisit

differentenvironmentswheretouristscan learnmoreabout localhabitsaswellas

environmental principles, which can raise their sense of understanding and

awareness of the importance of environmental protection (Kimmel, 1999).

Ecotourism is an excellent opportunity to encourage environmental education to

create affection in peoples mind, which furthermore can lead to a more careful

treatmentoftheenvironment(Kimmel,1999).

AccordingtoDonaghey(2012),whomadeacasestudyabouteducationstructures

forecotourisminShangri-La,oneofthesignificantchallengesinthedevelopmentof

ecotourism is the necessity of sustainable training programs in local communities

(Donaghey, 2012). To understand the different elements of ecotourism and to

furthermore implement it the right way, it is essential that all participants in the

industry are equally informed considering not only policymakers but also the

cooperation of local communities (Donaghey, 2012). The Eastern Tibet Training

Instituteoffers training for local youths toeducate them in languageandbusiness

skills to prepare them for the increasing labor force in the service industry

(Donaghey, 2012). Furthermore, the institute puts a lot of effort on teaching

students the ideaof ecotourismandhow this concept is connected to the service

industryas it isalsorelatedtoseveralsectors likehospitality,adventure,natureas

well as cultural tourism. Donaghey (2012) even mentions that environmental

training programs for youth are essential since they are the upcoming decision

makers regarding the establishment of sustainable ecotourism in the future

(Donaghey, 2012). The institution offers courses like for instance tourism and

hospitality, small businessmanagement butmore importantly training sessions in

green technologies including solar panel installation, construction skills or

agricultural techniques (Donaghey, 2012). Furthermore, students learn about

pollution, transportation, landscapes, and recycling during their classes.

Organizationsputalotofeffortonecotourismbecausetheyviewitasacrosscutting

52

matteras it isconnectednotonlytosustainabledevelopmentbutevendealswith

theengagementof thecommunityaswellasenvironmentaleducation(Donaghey,

2012). Through real-life working illustrations, also called research trips for

communities, youth should get an idea of ecotourism best practice examples.

According toDonaghey (2012),environmentaleducationand the trainingofyoung

peopleisessentialtopreparethemtoworkinasustainablyresponsibleway,which

becomesvitalintheforeseenfuture.Theengagementofyoungpeopleiscrucialfor

creating a self-sustainable industry and allows them to specialize in the field of

ecotourism,whichcaninfuturemotivatethemtoestablishorbecomepartofnew

initiatives for ecotourismdevelopment (Donaghey, 2012).Moreover, it is essential

to encourageenvironmental education as a crucial part of the industry to achieve

moresignificantgrowthofecotourisminmaturity(Donaghey,2012).

2.2.6.1 AdventureCampPrograms

AdventureCampProgramsalreadyhavealongandvariedhistorywheretheorigins

can be found in organized camping as well as environmental and experiential

education movements (Attarian, 2001). As the overall importance is growing,

adventure recreation nowadays plays a significant role in humans’ leisure

experience. According to Attarian (2001), itwas possible to recognize growth in a

variety of adventure programs, based on demographic and socioeconomic factors

likeforexampleprofessionalpreparationprograms,college,university,andcamping

programs (Attarian, 2001). Since the demand for adventure camp programs

increased, resourcemanagers have to respondwithmanagerial actions to help to

maintain a balance between the protection of resources and recreational use

(Attarian,2001).

Numerousprograms,especially thosedesigned foryouth,useactivitiesoroutdoor

adventure to develop personal attributes like self-esteem, confidence, trust, and

responsibility,tobuildupindividuals’achievementsandsuccesstofacilitatefurther

development(Pearson,1991).

Child and youth care practices already use camping, outdoor recreation and

adventureprograms forchildandyouthdevelopment forseveraldecades (Harper,

2017).Outdoorexperientialprogrammingisausefulmethodtocreateameaningful

anddeepconnectionwithnatureandalsotomitigaterisktopromoteresilience in

53

youthfurther(Harper,2017).Especiallyadventuretherapyisagrowingfield,which

can be described as an umbrella term capturing the confluence between outdoor

adventureandhumanservicepracticesfocusingonsocialwork,psychotherapyand

health promotion (Harper, 2017). However, adventure therapy also includes

methods likeoutdoor,wilderness,nature-basedaswellasplace-basedapproaches

for treatment and education. Outdoor adventure camps include several elements

wherebyeachofthemdeservesattentionandexplorationrelativetothechildand

youthcare(Harper,2017).

Table2:ElementsofOutdoorAdventurePracticesUtilizedTherapeutically

Source:Harper,2017.

In theUnited States, there aremore than 14,000 camps that servemore than 14

million children annually (Schelbe et al., 2018). Adventure Camps have created

intentional practices with the achievement of effecting positive developmental

outcomesforyouthwhoparticipateintheseprograms(Schelbeetal.,2018).

2.2.7 EcotourismforYouthinAustria

Austriaoffersgreatpreconditionsforalargevarietyofecotourismopportunitiesand

activities (Leuthold, 2001).More than 19% of the total area is covered by natural

reservesand40%of theAustrian countryside including severaleco-regions canbe

54

usedforecotourism(Leuthold,2001).Furthermore,culturaleducationissupported

by a large number of museums providing knowledge about the traditional

characteristics of the region (Leuthold, 2001). To maintain and further develop

ecotourism in Austria, it is necessary to create further initiatives for the

advancement of regional ecotourism. In addition to that, it is crucial to design

ecotourismprojectsandtrainingprogramsaswellasinformationeventstopromote

responsibleenvironmentalholidays further (Leuthold,2001).Ecotourism inAustria

has excellent potential to keep growing and gain significance by using the

possibilitiesofmarketingandtargetingtherightgroupsofpeople(Leuthold,2001).

Sensibleplanning,acleardevelopmentstrategy,andappropriatemarketingbythe

respectiveregionwillbenecessarytobecomemoresuccessful(Leuthold,2001).

However,toevendirectyouthintoawaytomakethemunderstandthesignificance

of ecotourism it is crucial to have natural reserves, a cooperating community and

learning centers (Donaghey, 2012). To give locals an idea of the importance of

tourism,ecotourism training should involvedifferentelements like forexamplean

ecotourismworkshop, cultural practice, health, and safety training aswell as local

guideknowledgetraining(Donaghey,2012).Theaimofachievingagreeneconomy

is to develop better social equity, lowering ecological scarcities as well as being

efficientinhandlingresources(Donaghey,2012).Eventhoughecotourismisaglobal

model,ithastostartonalocalbasiswhereeducationandtrainingthatisbasedon

sustainabilityplaysakeyrole(Donaghey,2012).

Pendergast stated that youth are “the new visitors in the tourism market”

(Pendergast, 2010, in Buffa, 2015, p. 14046). “The importance of this market

segmentliesinthefactnotonlythatitisbecominglargerbutalsothatitrepresents

themarketofthefuture”(Vukicetal.,2015,inBuffa,2015,p.14046).

Considering the quotation of Pendergast and Vukic (2015), youth are becoming a

significantmarketsegmentintoday’stravelindustry(Buffa,2015).Accordingtothe

fact that young people have a growing influence on the tourism business, it is

furthermorenecessarytosteerthemintoadirectioninwhichtheyunderstandthe

importanceofsustainable,responsibletravelbehavior(Buffa,2015).Inthelongrun,

youth will be responsible for tourism in the future, and therefore it is crucial to

introducethemintotheideaandfurtherdevelopmentofecotourism(Buffa,2015).

55

3 Methodology

The followingpartwillofferadeeper insight into themethodologyused,bygoing

intomoredetail regarding the structure and constructionof the thesis. The figure

belowshowsthedifferentsteps thatarenecessary for theprocessofconstructing

thethesis.

Table3:StructureoftheThesis

Inthefirststepofthedevelopmentofthethesis,itisofimportancetocomeupwith

a research topic and to furthermore define the different aims related to it.

Afterward, it isnecessary to formulateappropriate researchquestionsaswellasa

hypothesis that reflects the research questions. The second step covers

comprehensive literature research to provide extensive secondary data from

journals,casestudies,andbooks.Inadditiontothat,theliteraturereviewprovides

thebasistoformulateandcreatethequestionsofthesurvey,whichisdoneinstep

numberthree.Afterward,thesurveywillbeconductedbyhandingthemouttothe

selected respondents. As soon as step number three is completed, the

questionnaires are going to be evaluated, summarized, carefully analyzed and

interpreted in the fourth step. As a result, the evaluation of the surveys will

completethisstep, followedbytheoverallconclusionofthethesis inthe laststep

numberfive,whereaninferencewillbemadeanddirectlylinkedtothehypothesis

ofthethesis.

• Decisionoftheresearchtopicandaimofthethesis• Determinanonoftheresearchquesnonandhypothesis

Step1• LiteratureresearchStep2• Formulanonandcreanonofthesurveyquesnons• Implementanonofsurveys• ConnnuingliteratureresearchStep3• Evaluanon,summary,analysisandinterpretanonofthesurveys• Conclusionofthesurveys• Connnuingliteratureresearch

Step4• ConclusionofthethesisStep5

56

3.1 Aim

Theprimaryinterestofthethesisdealswiththetopicofecotourismandhowyouth

arerelatedtoit.Forthisreason,therehasbeensetuponeprimarygoalandvarious

secondarygoalsrightatthebeginningofthethesistodeterminetheobjectiveofthe

thesis.

Figure13:PrimaryandSecondaryAimsoftheThesis

Themain purpose of the thesis is to find outmore about youth behaviorwhen it

comes to ecotourism and how much they are informed about the topic.

Furthermore, it is necessary to outline to what degree sustainability and

environmental protection play a role in today’s curriculum and if there are

differences based on the numerous school types. Since ecotourism is a very

multifaceted topic, several secondary aims have been formulated. Some of them

include how environmental education impacts the degree of environmental

awareness of humanity in general and especially of youth as well as how this

changes their opinion about the importance of sustainability and ecotourism.

Furthermore, the impact of ecotourism on local communities should be discussed

andhowlocals,aswellastourists,canbetrainedandinformedofhowtoactinan

environmentally friendly way. In addition to that, the different forms of

environmental education, aswell as the science of environmental psychology, are

anothertopicofinterest.

Ecotourism

Localcommunines

Importanceofsustainability

YouthBehaviour

Youtheducanon

Youthpsychology

EnvironmentalEducanon

Environmentalawareness

Environmentalpsychology

57

3.2 ResearchDesign

Based on the aims outlined in the previous section, a useful data collection

technique is using questionnaires including techniques like checklists, a Matrix,

rating scales as well as open-ended questions that can provide data based on

personal emotions and feelings, behavior aswell as interests (Allen-Meares et al.,

1990). In the study, a combination of data collection methods is used combining

automated data collection over the Internet and paper-based questionnaires

(Fowler, 2013). Digital data collection does not involve an interviewer at all, and

furthermore, data can be collection independently of distance and place (Fowler,

2013).Ingeneral,Internetsurveysprovidearelativelyhighspeedofreturnsandare

a not very cost-intensive data collection instrument (Fowler, 2013). An occurring

problem of a self-administered approach could be the challenge of getting

respondentstoreturnanaccomplishedquestionnaire(Fowler,2013). If there isno

interviewer present, the intrinsic motivation of people could be a critical issue

(Fowler,2013).

According to Brace (2018), there are different options of data collection like self-

completion and interviewer-administered modes (Brace, 2018). For the thesis, an

interviewer-administered questionnaire in the form of a face-to-face technique

represents a useful data collection method in addition to online surveys (Brace,

2018). This method has the advantage that the interviewer is present during the

process and in case that respondents cannot answerdue to a specific reason; the

interviewer can clarify any uncertainties, which can appear based on the level of

education,whichisdifferentbasedonthetypeofschool(Brace,2018).Thelevelof

knowledge and understanding can also be affected by a students’ immigration

background,theirlanguageskillsandiftheschoolislocatedinacatchmentareadue

toahighnumberofimmigrants(Brace,2018).

The questionnaire was initially designed in the English language and afterward

translated intoGerman, tomake iteasier for the students. Furthermore, it canbe

assumedthatthelevelofEnglishof13or14-yearoldstudents’isnothighenoughto

fullyunderstandthequestionnaire.Inadditiontothat,asimplelanguagewasused

toassurethatallstudentsfromdifferentagesandlevelofeducationunderstandthe

questions.Mostly, the questionnaire was held in person through getting in touch

58

withvariousschools,goingthereanddistributingthesurveydirectlytothestudents.

Since distancewas a big issue especially regarding schools located in thewestern

regionofAustria,anonlinesurveywasconductedaswell.

Due to ethical reasons, participation in survey research must be voluntary for

respondents(Fowler,2013).Furthermore,respondentsmustbeinformedaboutthe

projectandthepurposeofthestudyincludingabriefdescription(Fowler,2013).In

addition to that, it is necessary to name the university and the name of the

researcher that is carrying out the surveys (Fowler, 2013). Fowler (2013) argued,

that respondents also need to be informed about the protection of their answers

concerning confidentiality and data protection (Fowler, 2013). This information

mustbegiventotheparticipantsinadvanceandbrieflyreviewedbeforebeginninga

questionnaire(Fowler,2013).

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3.3 UnitofAnalysis

Theconductionofsemi-structuredquestionnaireshasbeenchosenastheresearch

method as quantitative research methods are characterized by using techniques

designed to show relationships that are already described by the theory (Allen-

Meares et al., 1990). This type of research relies on statistical, observable and

objectivefactsofspecificsocialrealitycomponents(Allen-Mearesetal.,1990).

Figure14:Semi-StructuredSurveys

According to O’Leary (2017), the first step in developing a semi-structured

questionnaire is toprepareanextensivebackgroundof literature, to furtheradapt

thetheoryandsubsequentlyspecifythehypothesisandtopicsofinterestthatneed

tobegenerated(O’Leary,2017).

The next step comprises the creation of the questionnaire based on a semi-

structured design to collect quantitative data (O’Leary, 2017). Semi-structured

questionnaires represent a mixture of a structured and unstructured design

(O’Leary, 2017). Primarily because the respondents are young students, it was

essential tousemainlyclosed-endedquestionbecause theyaremorecomfortable

andmore quickly to answer (Ross, 2005).Moreover, closed answer questions are

often a more useful tool than open questions (Fowler, 2013). If respondents are

askedtoanswerintheirownwords, itemsoftenhappentobesolvedveryvaguely

and incomplete(Fowler,2013).However,throughtheuseofoneopenquestion, it

waspossibletogetadeeperinsideaboutstudents’spontaneousideasregardingthe

topic and furthermore this technique can add new information (Ross, 2005). In

addition to that, open questions allow the researcher to get answers that were

unanticipatedandit ispossibletoobtainmoreinformationabouttherespondent’s

real attitude (Fowler, 2013). Nevertheless there is a risk that respondents write

answersthatareirrelevanttothestudy(Babbie,2007).

LiteratureResearch

Developingthequesnonnaire

Selecttherespondents

Evalutaionofquesnonnaires

60

The third step deals with the selection of respondents. Participants are students

betweentheagesof13–20,whichcanbedescribedasyouths.Duetothefactthat

theparticipants are students living inAustria, thepreferred locationsofdoing the

surveysareschoolbuildingsinAustria.

Basedonthefactthatmost inquiriestakeplace inschoolduringclass, thesurveys

are group-administered (Fowler, 2013). According to Fowler (2013), students

provide a response rate of almost 100% when they are asked to fill out a

questionnaire during class (Fowler, 2013). The surveys consist out of 20 questions

anddonotexceedthedurationof20minutes.

Thefinalstepdealswiththeevaluationandanalysisofthequestionnaires.Statistical

processeshavetobedone,andaconclusionmustbemadethateithersupportsor

notsupportsthehypothesis (O'Leary,2017). Inadditiontothat,acodebookneeds

tobepreparedtoenter theobtaineddata intoacomputersystem(Ross,2005).A

codebook isacomputer-basedstructurefileusedtoguidedataentry(Ross,2005).

AccordingtoCreswellandCreswell(2017),dataanalysisincludesseveral important

aspectslikeiftheoutcomesanswerthehypothesisandresearchquestionsandifthe

findingsareabletoexplainwhytheresultsoccurred(Creswell&Creswell,2017).As

a laststep,the implicationsofthefindingsshouldbediscussedfor futureresearch

andpractice(Creswell&Creswell,2017).

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3.4 DataPreparationandAnalysis

Fowler stated, that once data has been collected, the information must be

transformedforanalysisdonebyacomputer(Fowler,2013).

Thereareseveralstagesintheprocessofdatapreparationandanalysis:

Figure15:ProcessofDataPreparationandAnalysis

Source:Phakiti,2010

Inthefirstphase,thedataneedstobecheckedtofindoutifallsectionswerefully

completedbytherespondents(Phakiti,2010).Afterward,participantcodesshould

be assigned to check if thedata is accurate after entered into a computer system

(Phakiti, 2010). Furthermore, the researcher has to decide on a format and the

specificwaythedataisgoingtobeorganizedinafile(Fowler,2013).

In the coding phase, it is significant to classify the obtained data sets and

furthermore, the complexity of the data set must be reduced (Phakiti, 2010).

According to Phakiti (2010), it necessary to differentiate between nominal data,

ordinaldataorintervaldata(Phakiti,2010).Duringthisstage,astudent’sansweris

goingtobeallocatedwithacertainvaluethatcanbehandledbyamachine(Fowler,

2013).Furthermoreitdescribestheprocessoftransformingresponsesintostandard

categories(Fowler,2013).

Checkingandorganizingdata

Datacodingphase

Dataentrystage

Datascreeningandcleaningstage

Reliabilityanalysisstage

Datareducnonstage

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In the third phase, the data needs to be keyed into a software program, which

representsthemosttime-consumingpart(Phakiti,2010).Whenitcomestothedata

screeningandcleaningstage, it isnecessary todoa finalcheckontheaccuracyof

the data, its completeness and consistency before setting on the analysis (Fowler,

2013).Inthefifthphaseitisessentialtomakesurethattheobtaineddataisderived

fromreliablemeasures(Phakiti,2010).Astudycannotbevalidiftheinstrumentis

not considered safe. Finally, the sixthphase is aboutdata reduction,whichmeans

that thenumberofvariablesneeds tobe reduced tomoreefficientlymanageand

analyzethedata(Phakiti,2010).

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3.5 Participants

According to Fowler (2013), several aspectsneed tobe considered concerning the

sampleselection (Fowler,2013).Thesample framerepresents thepeople thatcan

be selected during the process of data collection (Fowler, 2013). Consequently, a

sampledescribes the representativeof thepopulace that is already implicit in the

sampleframe(Fowler,2013).Furthermore,thedesign,size,andproceduresofthe

sample can have an impact on the results of how likely it is to have accurate

estimatesthatcanrepresentthewholepopulation(Fowler,2013).Thequalityofthe

effectsofsampledatahardlydependsonthecommunitythatisusedtocollectdata

(Fowler, 2013). For the study, a convenience sample is used instead of a random

sample,becausestudentsexclusivelyfilloutthesurveys(Creswell&Creswell,2017).

This procedure can be described as a quasi-experiment because not the whole

populationisrelevantintheproject(Creswell&Creswell,2017).

Theparticipantsofthequestionnairearescholarsbetweentheagesof13–20.The

students’ filled out the survey either on paper but also through an online survey.

They attend different school types from junior high, high school, and secondary

schools to vocational schools. It is necessary to use a random sample survey in

different school types to avoid falsified data. Furthermore, they have different

immigrationbackgroundsandsocialbackgrounds,whichcaninfluencetheobtained

data. Other participants in the process of collecting data were the Education

DirectoratesoftheninefederalstatesofAustria.Theyhadtogivetheirpermission

to do the surveys in different schools. As a next step, the principal ship of each

schoolhadtogivetheirapprovalandalsotheparentsofallstudentsundertheage

of18hadtosignaconsentform.

3.5.1 SelectionCriteria

The respondents were selected according to their type of education and more

specifically based on their age. Since the thesis is about ecotourism for youth in

Austria,itwasessentialtohaverespondentsthatarebetweentheagesof13–20.

Gender, social background or origin did not influence the selection process. As

alreadymentioned,thestudentswerechosenasvaluablerespondentsfromvarious

perspectives:

64

1. Age

2. Schooltype

3. LivinginAustria

The different attitudes and opinions of students are of interest as the research

question is aboutwhat youngpeople thinkabout ecotourismandhowmuch they

considersustainabilitywhengoingonholiday.Furthermore,itisinterestingtoseeif

there are differences when it comes to a comparison of school types based on

differenteducation levelsandteaching focuses. Inadditionto that, therecouldbe

evendifferenceswhencomparingresponsesfromstudentslivinginvariousstatesof

Austriaandstudentslivinginaruralorurbanarea.

3.5.2 ConstructionoftheQuestionnaire

According to Ross (2005), some rules need to be considered when designing a

questionnaireforyouths.Onesignificantaspectistokeepthevocabularyassimple

aspossible(Ross,2005).Thisaffectsmainlytheuseoftechnicaltermsor jargonas

well asavoiding theuseofacronyms.Another tool thatneeds tobeconsidered is

theutilizationofshortquestions.Thegeneralruleistohaveamaximumof25words

per questionor less (Ross, 2005). For instance,Matrix questions provide a unique

format,which isveryhelpful if theresearcherwantstoaskseveral itemsusingthe

same set of answer categories (Babbie, 2007). This question format has the

advantageofusingspaceefficiently (Babbie,2007).Theyarefastertoanswer,and

furthermore, they increase the comparability of responses (Babbie, 2007).

Furthermore, the use of closed-ended question can be useful since students’

answersareeasiertomanage,theyareeasiertohandle,andtheydonottakealot

of time for students’ to fill out (Ross, 2005). On the other hand, difficulties can

appear because there is a tendency for respondents to answer questions on a

systematic basis (Ross, 2005). Through using open-ended questions, the students’

can express their ideas and add new information to the topic of interest (Ross,

2005). Ross (2005) stated that forsomestudents’open-endedquestionscouldbe

difficult to answer based on their level of education aswell as the fact that they

require some ability ofwriting and legible handwriting (Ross, 2005). Furthermore,

theopen-endedquestionrepresentsahigherchallengeforstudentsregardingeffort

and time (Ross, 2005). Moreover, there is the possibility of a nonresponse error

65

describingthoseselectedtobeincludedinasamplethatdoesnotprovideanydata

(Fowler, 2013). These circumstances can occur if the sample does not actually

receivethedatacollectionproceduresandthereforehasnopossibilitytoanswer,if

the people asked to reject to provide data or if they are not able to perform the

requested task (Fowler, 2013). To avoid nonresponse, it is essential to use an

informativelettertoreassureahigherrespondentsrateandtoprovidemoredetails

abouttheobjectoftheproject(Fowler,2013).Inadditiontothat,itisnecessaryto

assurethatrespondentsdonotfeelthreatenedbyfulfillingtheessentialtaskorthe

functiontowhichthedataisgoingtobeput(Fowler,2013).Basedonthedesign,it

is useful tomake a clear layout to give a better overview of the process (Fowler,

2013). The survey questions should be uncluttered, pleasingly spaced and easy to

readandunderstand(Fowler,2013).Areasonablerespondentsrateoftendepends

onthegeneralnatureofthesampleaswellasofthestudy,thelevelofmotivation

ofrespondentsandthedegreeofdifficulty(Fowler,2013).Fowlerstatedthatmost

respondentscouldanswerquestionsaccurately (Fowler,2013). Ifpeopleareasked

abouteventsfromthepast,itcanappearthattheydonotreportaccuratelyduetoa

misinterpretationof thesubjector if theydonotknowtheanswer (Fowler,2013).

Moreover, respondentsareprobablynotable to recall aneventeven though they

knowitortheydonotwanttogiveinformationaboutitinthequestionnairecontext

(Fowler,2013).

Regarding the item placement and construction of the questionnaire, Ross (2005)

stated that thatnon-sensitivedemographicquestions shouldbeasked rightat the

beginning since theyareeasy toanswer (Ross,2005). Important issues thatareof

significantinterestshouldcomedirectlyafterwardbecausetheopportunityishigher

thatstudent’sstillanswerthemcarefully(Ross,2005).Sensitivequestionsshouldbe

placed at the end not to influence other items in case they have provoking

characteristics (Ross, 2005). Furthermore, questions focusing on the same topic

shouldbegroupedaswellasquestionsusingsimilarresponseformats(Ross,2005).

The questionnaire has been created based on the guidelines of semi-structured

surveydesign.Acatalogofnumerousquestionshasbeenconstructedasaguideline;

mainlyconsistingoutofclosed-endedquestionsandonlyoneopenquestiontokeep

the survey as simple as possible. Every student receives the same questionnaire,

66

which includes 19 closed-ended questions and one open question. As the

investigationsareaccomplishedwithyoungstudents,thesurveyquestionsareeasy

to understandwithout using expert jargon. The use of specific words referring to

ecotourism and sustainability are still used since non-utilization was unavoidable

basedontheresearchquestion.However,thequestionshavebeenstructuredina

generic-to-specificapproach,throughstartingwithgeneralquestionsaboutageand

gender,followedbymorespecificquestionsbasedonstudents’personalopinion.All

thequestionnaireswerefilledoutbytherespondentsandafterwardreturnedtothe

researcher.

3.5.3 ReflectionsConcerningtheQuestionnaire

Onequestionnairehasbeendevelopedforallrespondentstoobtainadirectresult

andcomparisonbetweenthedifferentlevelsofeducation,agegroups,andplaceof

residence. The questionnaires were semi-structured with closed-ended questions

andoneopen-endedquestion.

Regarding the item placement in the questionnaire, it was essential to start with

non-sensitive demographic questions as they are easy to answer (Ross, 2005).

Afterward, issues that are of significant interest to the research topic have been

asked because the concentration was still higher (Ross, 2005). Lastly, the more

sensitive items covering controversial issues have been requested (Ross, 2005).

Furthermore, it is of great importance to also write instructions for answering a

questiontoavoiduncertainties(Ross,2005).

The firstpartof thequestionnaireconsistsofquestions that refer to thestudents’

generalinformationlike:

• Whatisyourgender?

• Inwhatagegroupareyou?

• Whatisyourlevelofeducation?

• Doyouliveinanurbanorruralarea?

When asking about the students’ gender, it was important to only use male or

femalebecauseoftheassumptionthatsomeofthemwouldhavepickedoptionslike

transsexualduetoun-seriousnessandapotentialappearanceofafunfactordueto

their still growing mind. This assumption is based on the age group of the

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respondents and that some of them are still adolescence, which could influence

their seriousness of answering this question. Furthermore, it is necessary to know

aboutstudents’agegrouptobeabletoassessiftherearedifferencesbasedonthe

levelofeducationandawarenessrelatedtostudents’age.Also,thedifferentschool

types and students’ level of education can have an impact on the answers given.

Their level of knowledge can influence environmentally friendly thinking and their

degree of awareness. Finally, the question based on the living area can have an

impactonstudents’mindsinceruralareashaveabiggerofferbasedonrecreational

activities and leisure activities that are influenced by nature in different ways.

Furthermore,itcanbeassumedthatstudents’livinginaruralareahaveadifferent

view because they have direct access to nature in contrast to youths living in an

urbanregion.

Thesecondpartofthequestionnairewasaboutmorespecificquestionsreferringto

theresearchquestionof thethesis.Thesubjectscanbedivided into fourdifferent

sections,astudents’generaltravelbehavior,andtheirattitudetowardsecotourism,

their travel motivations, and activities and finally their behavior towards

sustainabilityaswellasoneopenquestion.

Generaltravelbehavior:

• Doyouusuallytravelwith…

• Itravelbecause…

• Whattypeofholidaydoyouusuallydo?

• Doyouusuallyspendyourholidayinanoutboundorinbounddestination?

• Pleasepickthemethodoftransportationyouwouldprefertotravelwith.

In the first question, the students’were askedabout their travel partners, like for

examplefriends,relativesorothers.Afterward,thequestion‘Itravelbecause…’was

usedtoassessiftherespondentswanttomakeajourneyor iftheytravelbecause

their parents want them to. It was essential to clarify this question to avoid

misunderstandings. Several students’ do have a long way to school and could

interpret thisas ‘travel toschool’option. In thequestion referring to thedifferent

holidaytypes, itwasofgreat interesttofindoutmoreabouttheirmotivations like

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forexampledoingabeachholiday,acampholiday,activeholidaysorcitytours.The

studentswereasked topick twodifferent typesofholiday.Thenextquestionwas

about to findout if the students’doholidays inAustriaorabroadand finally they

had to choose their preferred method of transportation. In this question, it was

interestingtoseeifstudentsthinkeco-friendlyalreadywhenitcomestotheirchoice

oftransportation.

Questionsreferringtoecotourism:

• Areyouawareoftheconceptthatisecotourism?

• Towhatextentdoyouconsideryourselftobehaveinanenvironmentally

consciousway?

• Howimportantdoyouthinkeco-tourismislikelytobeforthefuture?

• Wherewouldyoufindinformationaboutecotourism?

• Whichof these criteria do you think indicates that an accommodation is

eco-friendly?

The questions abovewere used to find outmore about respondents attitude and

knowledge concerningecotourism. Firstof all, itwas to findout if students’ know

what ecotourismmeans or if they have no idea about the concept. Furthermore,

theyhadtospecifytheirbehaviorregardingactingenvironmentallyfriendlyornot,

whichrepresentsaself-assessmentoftheirselves.Thequestion‘Howimportantdo

you think eco-tourism is likely to be for the future’ includes a short definition of

ecotourism in case they did not know what ecotourism means and shows if

students’thinkingisfuture-orientedornot.Furthermore,thequestionaboutwhere

tofindinformationaboutecotourismgivesinformationabouttheiractualinterestin

ecotourism,iftheyalreadydealtwiththistopicoriftheybasicallydonotcareabout

it or even to getmore information about it. Finally the question ‘Which of these

criteria do you think indicates that accommodation is eco-friendly’ gives some

feedback if students’ informthemselvesabouteco-friendlyaccommodation if they

maybe even already visited this type of housing and furthermore if they already

havean ideaaboutwords likegreenenergyorsolarpanels.Thequestionprovides

11differentanswerswherebytheyhavetochoosethethreemostimportantones.

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Travelmotivationsandactivities:

• Considering your last holiday, please specify how important were the

followingmotives.

• Considering your last holiday, please indicate what activities have you

takenwhenonholiday.

• IfIgoonholiday,Iwouldenjoy…

The three questions above are used to getmore information about the students’

actualmotivesandinterestswhengoingonholiday.Thefirstquestionwasusedto

findoutmoreaboutstudents’prioritiesthroughprovidingastatementlike‘beingin

awilderness,remotearea;’‘learningmoreaboutanimalsandplants’or‘discovering

newplaces’andafour-pointLikert-scalewhereonemeansveryimportantandfour

means not important at all. The next question asks about the different activities

respondents do while going on holiday with 22 different options like mountain

climbing, horse riding or nature walks, and students’ are asked to choose a

maximumof five activities. Finally, the third question asked aboutwhat students’

wouldenjoywhengoingonholidayevenprovidingdifferentstatementslike‘visiting

lakes;’ ‘going to the beach’ or ‘watching television’ with a four-point Likert-scale

whereonemeansveryimportant,andfourmeansnotimportantatall.

Generalbehaviortowardssustainability:

• Thefollowingstatementsrelatetoyoureveryday life.Please indicatethe

extenttowhichyouagreeordisagree.

Thelastquestionreferstostudents’everydaylifeandshouldgiveinformationabout

thedegreetheyactenvironmentalresponsibleornot.Someexamplesofstatements

are:

• Iaminfavorofsavingremotewildernessareas.• Iworkonoutdoorprojectstoimprovetheenvironment• Italktoothersabouthelpingtheenvironment• ItrytorecycleasmuchasIcan• IpickuplitterwhenIseeitinaparkoranaturalarea

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After reading the statements students’ have to pick if they agree or not and

moreoveriftheyareactingthiswayornot.

Open-endedquestion:

• What ismost important to youwhen you think about the protection of

MothersEarth?

Togetmoreprofound insightsaboutwhat respondents’ thinkabout sustainability,

environmentalprotection,andresponsibility,anopenquestionwasincludedaswell.

Students’ were asked to write down some bullet points about what they think is

important to protect the planet. This even points out their existing interest and

knowledgeaboutsustainability.Furthermore,itgivesinformationaboutifstudents’

actaccordingtoitandtheirdegreeofenvironmentalawareness.

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4 SummaryandInterpretationoftheQuestionnaires

4.1 QuestionnaireParticipants

Thedatacollectionprocesswascarriedoutover95days.Atotalof1366participants

filledoutthesurvey.

FederalStateofAustria NumberofParticipants

Vienna 384

LowerAustria 137

UpperAustria 118

Tyrol 220

Carinthia 255

Burgenland 207

Total:6 Total:1,321

Table4:ParticipantsoftheQuestionnaire

Table4givesanoverviewof thequestionnaireparticipantsseparatedaccordingto

the different Federal States of Austria. A total of 1321 students filled out the

questionnaire with a majority living in Vienna (384) and Carinthia (255). Tyrol

participated with 220 students, followed by Burgenland with 207 participants. In

Lower Austria, 137 students filled out the survey and 118 in Upper Austria. The

Federal States of Styria and Salzburg were not considered since no school

participated in the questionnaire due to negative or no responses to the request.

EventhoughseveralschoolsfromVorarlbergwantedtojoin,theeducationauthority

ofthestatedidnotprovideitspermissiontocarryoutthesurvey.Thereisagapof

45missingquestionnaires.This issuecanbeexplainedsincesomestudentsdidnot

wanttoreporttheirplaceofresidenceorthelocationoftheschool.Anotherreason

couldbeafailureofaccuratelycompletingthesurvey.

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4.2 SummaryandInterpretationoftheQuestionnaires

In the following section, the questionnaires are summarized and interpreted. A

varietyofgraphswillvisualizetheanswersoftheparticipantsindetail.Furthermore,

conclusionsofeachspecificquestionareprovidedaswellascomparisonstoalready

existingliterature.

The firstpartof thequestionnaireconsistsofquestions that refer to thestudents’

generalinformation:

Whatisyourgender?

Figure16:WhatisYourGender?

Intotal,1,366surveyresponseswerecollected,ofwhich59%werefemale,and41%

weremale. This result showsa clearmajorityof female respondents compared to

male respondents. Especially in Colleges for Higher Vocational Education, it was

possibletoobserveahighernumberoffemalestudentsthanmalestudents.

Comparedtoalreadyexistingliterature,theoutcomesofgenderdistributioninthe

studydifferfromthegeneralgenderdistributioninAustrianschools.In2014,atotal

of1,134,863studentswereregistered,including49%offemalestudentsand51%of

male students (FederalMinistry of Education andWomen, 2015). Referring to the

genderdistributionbasedonthedifferentschooltypes,thereisaclearmajorityof

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female students at Colleges for Higher Vocational Education and Academic

Secondary Schools and amajority ofmale students atmore technical-commercial

schooltypeslikePart-timeVocationalSchoolsandApprenticeships(FederalMinistry

ofEducationandWomen,2015).

Considering the obtained results and already existing literature, the occurrence of

morefemalethanmaleparticipantsinthestudycanbeexplainedsinceamajorityof

Colleges for Higher Vocational Education, and Academic Secondary Schools were

involved compared to technically based education types like Part-time Vocational

SchoolsandApprenticeships.

Inwhatagegroupareyou?

Figure17:InWhatAgeGroupareYou?

Lookingatotherdemographicfactorssuchasagegroups,thegroupof13-14-year-

old students made up a significant part of respondents (38%), equivalent to 521

people.Thenextmostprominentagegrouprepresentsstudentsbetweentheages

of17-18(28%),followedbythegroup15-16yearsold(22%).Thesmallestgroupof

studentsisintheagegroupof19-20with166respondents,equivalentto12%.Two

respondents did not want to answer this question, which does not significantly

influencetheresultduetothesmallnumberofnon-respondents.Fortunately,itwas

possible to get respondents of every age group that describes the phase of being

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youthful.Thereforeitispossibletoobtainopinionsandviewsfromstudentsofevery

agegrouprelevanttothestudy.

Theclearmajorityofyoungstudentsbetweentheagesof13-14andtherelatively

smallpresenceofstudents intheagegroup19-20canbedescribedsincethetotal

number of students is generally decliningwith increasing age (STATISTIKAUSTRIA,

2017).AccordingtoStatistikAustria,therewereatotalnumberof329,551children

registeredinAustrianPrimaryschoolsin2015,morethan179,480studentsvisiteda

NewSecondarySchool,115,631studentswereenrolled inanAcademicSecondary

School LowerCycle and91,439 studentswere reported in anAcademic Secondary

SchoolUpperCycle.About43,900studentsweregraduatesfromhighereducation,

and just a total of 34,539 students made a College degree (STATISTIK AUSTRIA,

2017).

Whatisyourlevelofeducation?

Figure18:WhatisYourLevelofEducation?

Figure18givesmoreinformationregardingtheeducationlevelofstudents,showing

that648 students (48%)visit aCollege forHigherVocationalEducation,521 (38%)

respondents studyonaNewSecondarySchool and182 (13%) respondentsattend

anAcademicSecondarySchool.Onlyfourrespondentsdidnotindicatetheirlevelof

education;onestudentindicatedtodoanApprenticeship,threestudentsvisitaPre-

Vocational School, and seven students are currently enrolled in a Part-time

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Vocational School. Unfortunately, the last three statements cannot be taken into

accountsincetherewasnoApprenticeshipprovider,Part-timeVocationalSchool,or

Pre-VocationalSchool involvedduring thedatacollectionprocess.Thiserrormight

occur because some students are uncertain about their level of education.During

datacollection repeatedly, the scenarioappeared, inwhichstudentsdidnotknow

theireducationallevel,andteachershadtohelpthemanswerthisquestion.

Based on already existing literature, a total number of 179,480 students are

registered in New Secondary Schools; a total of 207,070 students attended an

AcademicSecondarySchool, anda totalof206,629 studentswere inaCollege for

Higher Vocational Education or a School for Intermediate Vocational Education

(STATISTIK AUSTRIA, 2017). This data does not necessarily relate to the obtained

results sincedatacollectionwasmainlydependentonschools thatwerewilling to

takepartinthestudy.

Doyouliveinanurbanorruralarea?

Figure19:DoYouLiveinanUrbanorRuralArea?

Regarding the question, if students live in an urban or rural area, 57% of the

respondents indicatedto live inarural region,which isequivalent to782students

and42%(575)answeredtoliveinacity.Only1%(9)ofrespondentsdidnotanswer

thequestion.

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Comparing theseresults to recent researchdone in2016,only33.97%of the total

population inAustria lives inruralareas,andabout66.03%ofthetotalpopulation

livesinanurbanregion(TradingEconomics,2016).Furthermore,itcanbesaid,that

mostcities inAustriaaresmallandmedium-sizedcities.Bigcities likeVienna,Linz,

or Graz have to deal with an annual growth rate of 1.23% compared to a yearly

growthrateof0.94%inruralareas(TradingEconomics,2016).

Theobtainedresultscanbebasedonthecircumstancethatmostrespondentslivein

a Federal State outside of Vienna. Several New Secondary Schools and Academic

Secondary Schools are situated in small cities or villages outside of big centers.

EspeciallyinthemorewesternandsouthernregionsofAustria,thereisamajorityof

smalltownsandvillages.Someschoolsevenprovideaboardingschoolforstudents

comingfromfar,actuallylivingoutofthecity,insmallregionsofAustria.

Generaltravelbehavior:

Doyouusuallytravelwith…

Figure20:DoYouUsuallyTravelWith…

LookingattheresultsofFigure20,themajorityofstudentstravelwiththeirfamily

(1180) followed by holidays with friends (160) and others (17). There is a non-

respondents error of just 1% (9). The termothers can refer to travel partners like

grandparents since most parents do not have enough time to go based on the

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limited availability of holidays. Another option would be circumstances where

studentstravelwithinagrouplikeBoyScoutsortrainingcamps.ReferringtoFigure

17,onlyasmallproportionofrespondentsareovertheageof18,whichexplainsthe

smallpercentageofstudentstravelingwithfriends.Mostrespondentsdonothave

sufficient financial resources available to go on their own since they are still in

school,ortheirparentsdonotallowthemtotravelaloneuntiltheyreachaspecific

age.

Itravelbecause…

Figure21:ITravelBecause…

Referring to the next question, 640 students state that they prefer to travel with

theirfamily,527respondentsindicatethattheyareinterestedintravellingand136

respondents point out that they go because their parents want them to travel

together. As already mentioned in the last question, just a tiny number (56) of

studentsindicatethattheytraveltogetherwiththeirfriends.Theitemshowsanon-

respondentserrorof seven.This result indicates thatmost studentswish to travel

along with their parents and a high percentage of respondents are interested in

traveling,regardlessofwhothetravelpartnersmightbe.Nevertheless, there isan

appearance of students that are not interested in traveling, where parents push

themtotakepartonatrip.

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Whattypesofholidaydoyouusuallydo?

Figure22:WhatTypeofHolidaydoYouUsuallyDo?

Concerningtheresultsofthequestionwhattypesofholidaystudentsusuallydo,the

primarytrendisbeachholidayswith909respondents,followedbycityandcultural

holidays (471) and visiting friends and relatives (282). Other preferred types of

holidayarewalkingandactiveholidays(233),luxuryholidays(213),wellnessandSpa

holidays (201) andwildlife and nature holidays (92). Alternative holiday types like

farm holidays (40) or camps (54) are not very attractive for students. About 12

studentsdidnotindicateanyholiday.Referringtocampholidays,themostpopular

ones were Boy Scouts, training and sports camps, extreme sports camps, riding

camps,campsofCatholicchildrengroups, languagecamps,campsbasedonmusic

orothercampsorganizedbyspecificassociations like thevolunteer firebrigadeor

the Austrian Youth Red Cross. Different popular holiday types not included in the

questionwere skiing holidays, cruises, festivals, fishing holidays, a trip towatch a

football game or biking holidays. The obtained results clearly show that most

students seek for relaxationwhileonholiday,either through lyingat thebeachor

visiting a thermal spring. A relatively high number wants to explore new cities,

questioningiftheculturalaspectofinterestisbasedonthestudentsthemselvesor

ifparentswantthemtoexperiencethecultureofacity.Unfortunately,justasmall

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number of students are interested in holiday types that are based on eco-

touristicallyaspectslikewildlifeandnatureholidaysorfarmholidays.Nevertheless,

233studentsindicatetodowalkingandactiveholidays,whichcanbeinterpretedas

a part of ecotourism based on mountaineering activities or walks in a natural

environment.

Comparing the results toalreadyexistingdataobtained in2015, themostpopular

travel motives of Austrians were visiting friends and relatives with 20,9%, active

holidayswith20,5%,cityandculturalholidayswith17,5%,recreationalholidayswith

17,3%andbeachholidayswith10,7%(AustrianTravelAssociation,2015).

Comparingtheresultsfromthequestionnairewithalreadyexistingdata,itisevident

that subjects likevisiting friendsand family,beachholidays, activeholidaysor city

tripsarethemostpopulartravelmotivesfortheAustrianpopulation.Eventhough

therankingsofpreferredincentivesdifferinbothdatasources,itiscleartoseethat

alsothemajorityofthegeneralpopulationofAustriahasalmostnointerestintravel

motivesthatarebasedoneco-touristicallyaspects.

Doyouusuallyspendyourholidayinanoutboundorinbounddestination?

Figure23:DoYouUsuallySpendYourHolidayinanOutboundorInboundDestination?

Figure23showstheresultsofthequestionifstudentsusuallyspendtheirholidayin

anoutboundorinbounddestination.Theanswersnoticeablyshowthatthemajority

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of students (77%) are traveling abroad and just 22% are in favor of domestic

tourism. Based on the last question, it was possible to observe that most

respondentspreferbeachholidaysandcitytrips,whichcanbeanexplanationofthis

result sinceAustriahasnoaccess to the sea. Furthermore, theassumptioncanbe

set up thatmost respondents are attracted to famous cities like London, Paris, or

AmsterdaminsteadofGraz,Innsbruck,orLinz.

New data collection from Statistik Austria, done in 2018, shows that 32% of the

Austrian population spends their holiday in inbound destinations, and 68% are

traveling abroad (STATISTIK AUSTRIA, 2018). The most popular destinations in

Austria are Styria (20,8%), Salzburg (18%) and Carinthia (16,9%). The top

destinationsabroadareItaly(20,7%),Croatia(15,1%),Germany(9,1%),Spain(7,4%)

andGreece(5,7%)forAustrians(STATISTIKAUSTRIA,2018).Anotherdatacollection

approach found out that 33% of short-trips are done abroad, and 33% of main

holiday tripsarebookedabroad (AustrianTravelAssociation,2015). Incomparison

tothat,only16%ofshort-tripsaretakeninsideofAustria,and16%oftheAustrians

spendtheirmainholidaytripsinAustria(AustrianTravelAssociation,2015).

Pleasepickthemethodoftransportationyouwouldprefertotravelwith.

Figure24:PleasePicktheMethodofTransportationYouWouldPrefertoTravelWith.

The figure above illustrates the preferred transportation type of students when

traveling.Themostpopularoneisgoingbyairplanewith48%,followedbytraveling

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bycar(37%)andtravelingviatrain(12%).Only1%(20)ofstudentswanttotravelby

bus, and some respondents indicate togowitha camper, ship, andmotorcycleor

evenwithabicycle.Atotalofninestudents(1%)didnotreportanytransportation

type. The fact that most respondents travel via airplane can again be explained

throughtheresultsfromFigure22.Ifstudentsmainlyspendholidaysatthebeachor

in a famous city,most destinations are faster andmore comfortable to reach via

airplaneorcarcomparedtotransportationtypeslikebusortrain.

According to recent researchdonebyoneof themostpopular journals inAustria,

about27%ofAustrianstravelbybusorcar,43%travelbyairplaneand1%prefersa

cruise(DerStandard,2018).Especiallyyoungpeopletendtobookaflightinsteadof

other transportationalternatives (Der Standard,2018).Referring todatabasedon

domestic travel,77,7%ofAustrianswouldchooseto travelbycar,12,1%travelby

train,andonly10,2%travelbybus(Wagner,2018).

Theobtainedresults indicate thatAustriansofeveryagegrouppreferairplanesor

carstomoreenvironmentallyfriendlytravelmethodsliketrainsorbuses.

Questionsreferringtoecotourism:

Areyouawareoftheconceptthatisecotourism?

Figure25:AreYouAwareoftheConceptThatisEcotourism?

Theresultsofthequestion ifstudentsareawareoftheconceptthat isecotourism

demonstrate that most students never heard of this term (45%), several

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respondentsindicatetobeunsureaboutthemeaningofecotourism(38%)andjust

16%pointedout that theyknowabout theconceptofecotourism.There isanon-

respondentserrorof1%(9).

Comparingtheobtainedresultswithalreadyexisting literatureofastudyaimedto

examine theknowledge, intentions,andattitudesof students towardsecotourism,

the research demonstrated that themajority of participants show a tight level of

environmental awareness (Cini et al., 2015). Although several students perceive

ecotourism as a nature-based action, other critical key components of ecotourism

like, for instance, sustainability, environmental education, or the local community

stayunderrepresented(Cinietal.,2015).Furthermore,15%ofparticipantsdidnot

knowanydefinitionofecotourism(Cinietal.,2015).

Thiscomparisonindicatesthatschoolsshowacleargapofteachingtheimportance

ofsustainability,ecologicalconceptsandecotourismnotonlyinAustria,butalsoon

aninternationalbasis.

To what extend do you consider yourself to behave in an environmentally

consciousway?

Figure26:ToWhatExtenddoYouConsiderYourselftoBehaveinanEnvironmentallyConsciousWay?

Based on the results exemplified in Figure 26, 42% of respondents indicate to

behave in a slight environmentally conscious way, 40% state that they act in an

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environmentally consciousway and 10% point out not to behave environmentally

friendlyatall.Justatinypercentage(7%)indicatestoactinaveryenvironmentally

consciousway. A total number of 13 (1%) students did not answer this question.

Based on the displayed results, it is evident that most students perceive their

behavior as responsible or a bit reliable. Nevertheless, it is difficult to say if all

answers are based on students actual practice or if they want to seem

environmental capable.A smallnumberof138 students indicatednot toact inan

environmentallyresponsibleway,whichiseitherasignforenvironmentalignorance

andalackofinterestorstudentsansweredstraightandhonest.

TheobtainedresultscanalsobesubjecttoaphenomenoncalledHawthroneeffect

(Stand, 2000). This effect often serves as justification when a surprisingly high

numberoffavorableresultsappearinstudies(Stand,2000).Undertheawarenessof

being observed, people often show behavioral changes (Stand, 2000). This effect

could explain the phenomenon of most environmentally friendly acting students

since it describes behavior-modifying effects that change into a positive direction

sincetheparticipantsaresubjecttoasocialinvestigation(Stand,2000).

Howimportantdoyouthinkeco-tourismislikelytobeforthefuture?

Figure27:HowImportantdoYouThinkEco-TourismisLikelytobefortheFuture?

Figure 27 illustrates the results of the question of how important students’ think

eco-tourismislikelytobeforthefuture.Themajorityofrespondentsansweredwith

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significant(39%),followedbyimportant(33%)andquitesubstantial(21%).Atotalof

6%indicatedtothinkthateco-tourismisnotvery important(5%)ornot important

atall(1%).Only1%ofrespondentsdidnotanswerthequestionatall.Theobtained

results clearly show that most students believe that ecotourism is an important

concept,whichneedstobeappliedinthefuture.

Even though positive responses dominate the obtained results, some researchers

suggestthatyoungpeoplestravelbehaviorispredominatedbyvaluesinfluencedby

identity, social recognition, and self-image, which often stand in contrast to

environmental benefits (Line et al., 2010). Most students are aware of the

significanceofenvironmentalprotectionandclimatechange,buttheyoftendonot

realize that there is a link between individual behavior and environmental

responsibility (Line et al., 2010).At the same time, they are in favorof saving the

planetandshowingapathytowardsclimatechange,whichstandsinrelationtothe

timingandintangibilityofimpactsassociatedaswellastheirlacquerofself-efficacy

withconcernstotacklingthischallenge(Lineetal.,2010).

Wherewouldyoufindinformationabouteco-tourism?

Figure28:WhereWouldYouFindInformationAboutEcotourism?

Regardingthenextquestionofwherestudents’wouldfind informationabouteco-

tourism, most respondents indicated to look for sources via online-tools (85%).

About9%of respondentspointedout that theywouldnotbe interested in finding

informationabouteco-tourism.Onlyasmallnumberofstudentsindicatedthatthey

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would look for informationby readingabrochure (3%)or throughvisitinga travel

agent(2%).Thereisanon-respondentserrorof1%.Sincetherewastheopportunity

toanswerwith‘Itwouldnotinterestme,’theresultsclearlyshowthatamajorityof

studentsisinterestedinthetopicandtheyalreadyknowwheretofindinformation.

Furthermore,theresultsarenotsurprising,sincetheaccesstoonlineinformationis

nowadaysway easier than finding a travel agent or a brochure that writes about

eco-tourism.

Even when it comes to holiday bookings, the majority of Austrians (56,3%) book

their trips online (Der Standard, 2016). Reasons to do so are the easy way of

comparing prices, the small amount of time needed to book a vacation and that

people do not have to take opening hours into account (Der Standard, 2016).

Nevertheless,about30,4%oftheAustrianpopulationprefersbookingatripthrough

a travel agency since they have a better feeling of being advised, and employees

provideahigh levelofknow-how.However,peopleevenprefertheInternet(62%)

when theywant to gather information about a specific destination (Der Standard,

2016).Otheralternatives forgathering informationare friendsandrelatives (46%),

brochures, and travel guides (36%)orblogsaswell as socialmediaplatforms (Der

Standard,2016).

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Which of these criteria do you think indicates that an accommodation is eco-

friendly?

Figure29:WhichofTheseCriteriadoYouThinkIndicatesThatanAccommodationisEco-Friendly?

Basedontheresultsexemplified inFigure29,moststudents’ thinkthat theuseof

solar panels (882), proving information of public transportation options (655) and

planting any trees indicates that an accommodation is eco-friendly. Also, the

categoriesofprovidingcomprehensiveinformationonnaturalandculturalheritage

(407), using a green energy tariff (400) and asking for green feedback from

customers(369)refertoeco-friendlyoperationsofahotel.Thelowestratingshave

theresponseoptionsofprovidingfacilitiesforcustomerswithmobility impairment

(193),provingmorechoicesoffood(182),offeringvegetarianfood(174)aswellas

networking and sharing best practice (170). The question has a non-respondents

errorof43.

According toAlexander andKennedy (2002), themost critical anduseful practices

for a hotel to act environmentally friendly are the implications of a zero waste

approach,energyefficiency,waterconservationtoolsandsolidwaste(Alexander&

Kennedy,2002).Especiallytheuseofgreenenergy intermsofheatingandcooling

systems can significantly influence energy efficiency in a hotel (Alexander &

Kennedy,2002).Furthermore,solarpower isnowadaysrecognizedasanunlimited

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natural resource providing economic and environmental benefits (Alexander &

Kennedy,2002).Particularlythermalandlightenergycanbegeneratedinnovatively

by new solar power systems (Alexander & Kennedy, 2002). Taking into account

customers’ perception of green hotels, 89,63% of guests say that energy

conservation is somewhat important tovery important,69,71%believe thatwater

conservationisslightlyimportanttoveryimportantand85,06%ofcustomersthink

that waste reduction is slightly important to very important (Ogbeide, 2012).

Referring to the general importance of greenhotel practices, a total of 87,97%of

guests say that environmental practices are somewhat relevant to very important

(Ogbeide,2012).

Travelmotivationsandactivities:

Considering your last holiday, please specify how important were the following

motives.

Figure30:ConsideringYourLastHoliday,PleaseSpecifyHowImportantWeretheFollowingMotives.

Figure30givesmore informationaboutwhatmotiveswere importantforstudents

during their lastholiday. Severaloptionsofdifferentpurposeswereprovided,and

respondentswereaskedtospecifytheiranswerwithveryimportant,important,not

very important or not important at all. Looking at the obtained results, themost

essential motives were being with friends and family (1015) and discovering new

places (745).Participantsrankedmotives likebeing innature (588), learningabout

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new traditions and culture of a site (537) as well as learning a new language as

essentialandmotiveslikebuildingfriendships(492),doingsports(383)orbeingina

wilderness,remotearea(525)asnotveryimportant.Only364studentssaidthatthe

motive of spending time in a wilderness area was significant (109) or important

(255).Themotivationofviewinganimals,birds,andplantswasmainlyrankedasnot

veryimportant(490)ornotimportantatall(443),andeventhemotiveof learning

moreabout animals andplantswasdominatedby the answeroptionsofnot very

important (509) or not important at all (436). Only a small number of students

ranked the motives of viewing animals and plants (407) or learning more about

animals andplants (394) as very importantor essential. In addition to thealready

providedmotives, students had the opportunity to add other interests that were

importantduringtheir lastholiday.Someadditionalexamplesoftravelmotivations

were relaxation, food and culinary experiences, swimming, and wellness, playing

online games, reading a book, taking pictures, having fun, sightseeing, skiing, and

shopping.Theobtainedresultsclearlyshowthatmoststudentsenjoymotivesthat

are not related to eco-tourism or nature. The most popular activities were

discoveringnewplacesandbeingwithfriendsandfamily.Travelpurposeslikebeing

in a wilderness, remote area, learningmore about animals and plants or viewing

animals,birdsorplantsweremainlyrankedasnotveryimportantornotimportant

atall.

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Consideringyourlastholiday,pleaseindicatewhatactivitieshaveyoutakenwhen

onholiday.

Figure31:ConsideringYourLastHoliday,PleaseIndicateWhatActivitiesHaveYouTakenWhenonHoliday.

Figure 31providesmoredetails about the activities students have takenwhenon

holiday.Severaleventswerealreadyprovided,andfurthermore,studentscouldadd

activitiesontheirown.Themostpopularactivitiesweretakingphotos(838),hiking

(490), visiting local villages (442) and bicycling (421). Other actions that students

havetakenwhileonholidaywerenaturewalks(388),learningaboutlocaltraditions

(277), playing nature games (258) and exploring historic ruins (241), followed by

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activities like doing a pick nick (204), dealing with animals (174), surfing (168),

wildlife viewing (160) ormountain climbingwith 157.Not very engaging activities

representedtheansweroptionskayaking(108),horseriding(90),fishing(84),taking

language classes (74), bird watching (63) or caving (44). Finally, the least favorite

activities ranked by students were backpacking (42), tree planting (28) and glider

soaring (23). A total of 48 students did not answer this question.When students

were asked about other activities they have taken while on holiday, the most

frequentanswerswereswimming,snorkelinganddiving,skiing,playingfootballand

sports in general, as well as shopping, relaxing, climbing, eating, camping,

sightseeing, takingawalk, sleeping, gaming,drinkingalcoholicdrinksandhavinga

party.Theobtainedresultsshowthatmoststudentsenjoytakingphotos, followed

byactivitiesthatarerelatedtosportsorrelaxation.

IfIgoonholiday,Iwouldenjoy…

Figure32:IfIGoonHoliday,IWouldEnjoy…

Thefigureaboveillustratestheresultsofthequestionofwhatstudentsenjoymost

whengoingonvacation.Participantshadtorank11differentstatementsanddecide

onhowenjoyabletheywouldbe.Lookingattheresults, itcanbesummarizedthat

moststudentswouldverymuchenjoygoingtothebeach(882),visitinganewcity

(761) and learning about new cultures (504). Under the category of enjoyable

activities,statementslikevisitinglakes(602),goingtothemountains(469)andgoing

toanamusementpark(430)arehighlighted.Lookingatnotveryenjoyableactivities

likeworkingwithanimalsandnature(418)aswellasdoingaHusky-Camp(372)had

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a high number of respondents. It is clear to see that activities like doing a riding

camp(679),playingonlinegamesorPlayStation(767)andwatchingtelevision(579)

arenotenjoyableatallforstudentswhengoingonholiday.Theresultscanbeonce

more compared to the effects of Figure 22, where students highlighted beach

holidaysandcitytrips.

Generalbehaviortowardssustainability:

Thefollowingstatementsrelatetoyoureverydaylife.Pleaseindicatetheextentto

whichyouagreeordisagree.

Figure33:IaminFavorofSavingRemote,WildernessAreas.

Figure 33 illustrates the results of the question if students are in favor of saving

remote,wildernessareas.Themajorityofstudents(37%)agreeswiththestatement,

followed by 36% of participants who strongly agree and 20%who have a neutral

opinion about saving wilderness areas. Only 1% of respondents are against the

savingofwildernessareas,and2%stronglydisagreewiththestatement.Thereisa

non-respondentserrorof4%.

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Figure34:TheFollowingStatementsRelatetoYourEverydayLife.PleaseIndicatetheExtenttoWhichYouAgreeorDisagree.

Thefigureaboveshowsthebehaviorofstudentsregardingeverydaylifesituations.

Basedoneightdifferentstatements,studentshadtospecifytheiranswerbasedon

theirdailyroutine.Possibleansweroptionswereyes,no,andsometimes.Lookingat

the results, it canbesummarized thatmost student’s turnoff the tapwaterwhile

brushing their teeth (1122), which means that they try to avoid water wastage.

Furthermore,themajorityofparticipantsdecidetorecycleasmuchaspossible(614)

or at least recycles sometimes (517).Referring to thequestion if studentswalkor

bikeinsteadofaskingforaride,moststudentsansweredwithyes(658),followedby

sometimes(366)andno(302).Unfortunately,therearejustafewstudentswhoare

a member in an environmental club (56) and even regarding the question if

respondentsworkonoutdoorprojectsto improvetheenvironment,moststudents

answeredwithno (1125).About 281 students are interested in reading about the

environment,followedby352studentswhosometimesreadabouttheenvironment

and684 studentswhodonot readabout environmental topics at all. Referring to

thestatementifparticipantspickuplitterinaparkoranaturalarea,moststudents

answeredwithno(638),followedbysometimes(485)and201studentswhopickup

litterwhentheyseeit.Thelaststatementaskedstudentsiftheytalktoothersabout

helpingtheenvironment.Atotalof535answeredwithno,462studentsanswered

withsometimes,andonly326respondentsansweredwithyes.

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Open-endedquestion:

What ismost important toyouwhenyouthinkabout theprotectionofMothers

Earth?

Looking at the question of what students’ perceive as most important about the

protection of Mothers Earth, most respondents answered with keywords like

sustainability, avoiding plastic, climate change, waste separation, environmental

pollution,environmentalprotection,andfeweremissions.

Figure35:MindMap–ProtectionofMothersEarth

Figure 35 illustrates the keywords that students answered most frequently. In

addition to that, several students mentioned the importance of protecting the

environment for future generations, to act responsibly towards the environment

andlocals,tobuybiologicalproductsortoavoidshort-distanceflights.Othertopics

thatwerementioned veryoften are the avoidanceof plastic, that peopleneed to

take care of their waste disposal and that it is significant to introduce laws and

guidelines that support the protection of the environment. Furthermore, students

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saidthatmorepeopleneedtobecomeactiveintermsofactingresponsiblyandthat

it is necessary to offer more education about environmentalism. Additionally, a

repeatingtopicwasthepollutionoftheseasthatneedstobepreventedaswellas

the power supply, which should be dominated by solar power, hydropower, or

photovoltaic.Moreover,moststudentsareinfavorofprotectingspecies,plants,and

animalsandareagainsttheconsumersocietyandoverconsumption.

Intotal,1,107studentsexpressedtheirideaabouttheprotectionofMothersEarth,

which means that most students already heard of essential measurements to

supportthehealthandfurtherexistenceoftheplanet.Nevertheless,somestudents

pointedoutthattheyarenotinterestedinsavingtheearthatall;thattheyhaveno

idea about protecting the planet and that the whole topic does not show any

significancefortheirlife.Accordingtootherresponses,itwascleartoseethatsome

studentsdidnotunderstandwhatthematterofthequestionwasabout.Thiscanbe

demonstratedbasedonanswers like for instance that students recommendtaking

medicineduringwintertimestoavoidaninfectionofotherpeople,thattheywant

theirfamilytostaytogetherorthattheythinkitwouldbeusefultostopgivingbirth

to children. In conclusion, the majority of answers were beneficial, and it was

possibletoseethatsomestudentscareabouttheprotectionoftheplanetandthe

environment.

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5 Conclusion

Theresearchofthisthesishadtheintentionofachievingamorein-depthknowledge

about the perceived importance of ecotourism for youth living in Austria.

Furthermore,theaimwastoresearchifenvironmentaleducationchangestheway

youththinkaboutecotourismandasa result, influences their travelbehavior.The

literaturereviewofthisthesiscoveredthetopicsofecotourismandthedefinitionof

tourism in general, youth education and the meaning of youth, as well as

environmental awareness and environmental education. Moreover, additional

chapters about Austria were added to provide insights about the country, its’

tourism,theimportanceofecotourismaswellastheeducationsysteminAustria.To

giveabetterunderstandingofthetopicsmentioned,asurveywasconducted,which

focuseson the travel behavior of youth, their perceptionof ecotourism, and their

generalactionconcerningtheenvironment.

Albeit several other researchers have dealt with topics like ecotourism and youth

education,theoutcomesofthisstudyareasupplementationtothealreadyexisting

body of knowledge. Furthermore, the results of this research can be valuable to

tourismresearchersto improvethepopularityofecotourismamongyouthlivingin

Austria. The results of this studymay be relevant, preeminently, for theAustrian

education system to show the significance of educating students about topics like

environmentalawarenessandenvironmentalprotection.

Ecotourism is one of the most crucial concepts in today’s travel industry. Since

travelinghasasubstantial impactontheoverallsituationoftheenvironment,eco-

tourism can make up a significant part in further protecting the well being of

Mothers Earth. As Cini, Leone, and Passaforo (2010) pointed out, to provide and

sustain the quality of a destination, their natural environment, and tourist

attractions, it is substantial to bring people closer to topics like environmental

awareness,nature,andenvironmentaleducation.

Aftertheconductionofsecondary,aswellasprimarydatacollection,theobjective

oftheresearchwasachieved.Asyouthrepresentthefutureofthetravel industry,

theaimwastofindoutmoreabouttheirperceptionandknowledgeregardingeco-

tourism.Referringtotheresultsofthesurvey,asignificantlackofeducatingyouth

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abouttherelevanceandmeaningofeco-tourismcanbedetermined.Furthermore,

almosthalf(45%)oftherespondentsindicatednottobeawareoftheconceptthat

iseco-tourism.Onlyasmallproportionof16%answeredtoknowtheprinciplesof

thistourismsector.

As Buffa (2015) stated, upcoming generations will have a growing influence on

today’s tourismbusiness,and therefore, it is crucial tomake themunderstandthe

significance of sustainable and responsible travel behavior. Based on obtained

primarydatacollection,concerningthequestion if students thinkthateco-tourism

willbenecessaryforthefuture,morethanahalf(72%)pointedoutthateco-tourism

will be very important or essential. According to respondents’ self-assessment, if

they consider themselves to behave in an environmentally conscious way, 47%

statedtobeeitherveryenvironmentallyconsciousorenvironmentallyconscious.It

is also to mention that about 73% of respondents are in favor of saving remote,

wildernessareas.

Nevertheless, these outcomes stand in contrast to the actual travel behavior of

youth, which is dominated by beach holidays (909) as well as city and cultural

holidays(471).Onlyatinyportionofstudentsisdoingholidaysbasedonwildlifeand

nature (92)orholidaysona farm (40)or camps (54). Taking intoaccountmotives

likeviewinganimals,birds,andplantsor learningaboutanimalsandplants,onlya

total of 251 students perceive them as very important. Even eco-tourism based

activities like mountain climbing, wildlife viewing, or dealing with animals have a

relatively low ranking. In contrast to thatarenaturewalks, aswell asmotives like

going to the mountains, visiting lakes and learning about new cultures that are

ratherpopularamongyouth.

Furthermore, it is necessary to mention that most respondents prefer outbound

destinations (77%) to domestic tourism (22%) and that most students give

preferencetotransportationmethodslikeairplanes(48%)orcars(37%)overtrains

(12%) or buses (1%). The results of the survey show that even though numerous

students do not know the concept of eco-tourism, a majority of respondents

perceiveitasessentialandvaluableforthefuture.Asshownintheopen-question,

wherestudentswereaskedabouttheimportanceofprotectingMothersEarth,most

studentsaregenuinelyawareofenvironmentalprotectionandmeasurementsthat

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need to be taken. Nevertheless, there is a difference between environmentally

thinkingandactingenvironmentallyfriendly,whichisshowninquestionsrelatingto

travelmotivesandactivities.Furthermore,theobtaineddatareferringtostudents’

everydaylife indicatesthatthereisstillagapofacting inasustainablyresponsible

way.

It can be concluded that most students see ecotourism and environmental

protection as an essential instrument for the future. Although numerous

respondentsalreadyhavesomeknowledgeaboutthetopicandmeasurementsthat

are significant to protect the planet, there is still an existing gap of putting the

theory into practice since amajority of participants would choose beach holidays

over holidaymotives that are related to eco-tourism. Referring to the hypothesis

developed at the beginning of the study, the literature shows that youth benefit

from environmental education. Through integrating environmental topics, young

peoplecreateahigherlevelofawarenessandresponsibility,whichleadstoabetter

handling of the environment. Nevertheless, there is still a gap of integrating

environmentallearningtechniquesinschoolscurriculum.

Educational institutions need to concentrate their efforts on handling the lack of

knowledgeconcerningecotourismamongstudents(Cinietal.,2015).Someessential

tools to promote ecotourism among youth would be special classes focusing on

ecotourism and environmental protection aswell as events andworkshops about

ecotourism (Cini et al., 2015). Furthermore, students would benefit from regular

field trips to ecotourism related products like, for instance, conservation areas,

nationalparks,orgamereserves(Cinietal.,2015).Practicalexperiencewillprovide

studentswith a better understanding,which can also be trained throughpractical

assignments(Cinietal.,2015).

As Cini already mentioned, there are several tools to improve the process of

environmental learning further. Like already demonstrated in the first part of the

hypothesis, educational methods can be very beneficial for youth to develop

environmentalawareness,whichisessentialtocreateahealthyenvironmentinthe

future. Even the general handling of issues related to the environment will be

improved.Youthneedtoactivelycareabouttheplanetandtopicsthatarerelated

toit.Throughtheincreasingapplicationofthelearningmethodsmentionedearlier,

98

youth will benefit from a higher level of knowledge concerning ecotourism and

environmentalprotection.

Throughout the research, some limitationsappeared thatoneshouldbeawareof.

Summarizingtheprocessofcollectingsecondarydata,itistomentionthatthereare

limitations based on the restricted access to already existing literature such as

journals or books. Primarily focusing on research based on youth or the travel

behavior of youth, literature shows certain limitations. However, looking at the

process of collecting primary data and the outcomes of the survey, it can be said

that thetotalnumberof1366participantsmaynotberepresentativeenoughasa

sample to generalize the result to thewholepopulationof youth living inAustria.

Moreover, looking at demographic factors, most respondents of the survey are

between the ages of 13 and 14,whichmight affect the outcome of the research.

Eventhougheveryagegroupofbeingyouthisrepresented;abetterbalancemight

havechangedtheresults.

Furthermore,almosthalfof therespondents indicatedtovisitaCollege forHigher

Vocational education. It can be said that more participants from other school or

educationtypesshouldhavebeeninvolved.Inadditiontothat,itwasnotpossibleto

haveanequalamountofstudentsfromeveryFederalStateofAustria,whichcould

alsoinfluencetheobtainedresults.

Future research in this field should include whether environmental education

positively influences the behavior in everyday life situations as well as the travel

behavior of youthwith a comparison of a before-and-after experience effect. The

outcomes and evaluations of environmental education for youthmight be helpful

for schools to furtherwork on this issue.Moreover, referring to the collection of

primarydata,ahighernumberofparticipantsshouldbeachievedtoprovidealarger

sample of youth. This could be accomplished by expanding the time frame of the

data collection process. Furthermore, more research should be done in order to

make the education authorities of the Federal States of Austria attentive to the

importance of this topic and the necessity to focus more on environmental

education.

99

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108

Appendices

Appendix1:Survey(German)

109

110

111

112

113

Appendix2:Survey(English)

Whatisyourgender?

☐Male

☐Female

Inwhatagegroupareyou?

☐13-14

☐15-16

☐17-18

☐19-20

Whatisyourlevelofeducation?

☐Part-timeVocationalSchool

☐AcademicSecondarySchool

☐Pre-VocationalSchool

☐NewSecondarySchool

☐Apprenticeship

☐CollegeforHigherVocationalEducation

114

Doyouusuallytravelwith...

☐Yourfamily

☐Yourfriends

☐Otherpersons

Itravelbecause...

☐Myparentswantmetotravelwiththem

☐ Iliketotravelwithmyfamily

☐Iwanttotravel

☐Itraveltogetherwithmyfriends

Doyouliveinanurbanorruralarea?

☐Urban

☐Rural

Whattypeofholidaydoyouusuallydo?

☐Beachholidays

☐Wildlifeandnatureholidays

☐Luxuryholidays(5*Hotelsetc.)

☐CityandCulturalholidays

☐Wellness&Spaholidays

☐Visitingfriendsorrelatives

☐Walkingandactiveholidays

☐Farmholidays

☐Campholidays–Ifyes,whichtypeofcampholiday?..............

☐Other................

Doyouusuallyspendyourholidayinanoutboundorinbounddestination?

☐Inbound

☐Outbound

Pleasepickthemethodoftransportationyouwouldprefertotravelwith.

☐Airplane

☐Car

☐Train

☐Bus

115

☐Other.............

AreyouawareoftheconceptthatisEcotourism?

☐Yes

☐No

☐Vaguely

Towhatextenddoyouconsideryourselftobehaveinanenvironmentallyconsciousway?

☐Veryenvironmentallyconscious

☐Environmentallyconscious

☐Abitenvironmentallyconscious

☐ Notveryenvironmentallyconscious

Howimportantdoyouthinkeco-tourismislikelytobeforthefuture?

(Ecotourism is a responsible form of travelling to natural areas that conserve the environment andimprovethewellbeingoflocalpeople.)

☐Veryimportant

☐Important

☐Quiteimportant

☐Notveryimportant

☐Notimportantatall

WherewouldyoufindinformationaboutEcotourism?Pleasetick

☐Online

☐Visitatravelagent

☐Readabrochure

☐Itwouldnotinterestme

Whichof these criteria do you think indicates that an accommodation is eco-friendly?Pickoneormore.

☐Askingforgreenfeedbackfromcustomers

☐Networkingandsharingbestpractice

☐Providefacilitiesforcustomerswithmobilityimpairment

☐Providecomprehensiveinformationonnaturalandculturalheritage

☐Plantanytypeoftrees

☐Providemorechoicesoffood

☐Vegetarianfood

☐GreenEnergytariff

116

☐Useofsolarpanels

☐ Informingguestsofpublictransportoptions

Consideringyourlastholiday,pleasespecifyhowimportantwerethefollowingmotives:

1=veryimportant,2=important,3=notveryimportant,4=notimportantatall

Learninganewlanguage

1 2 3 4

Discovernewplaces

1 2 3 4

Beingwithfriendsandfamily

1 2 3 4

Buildfriendships

1 2 3 4

Beinginthenature

1 2 3 4

Learnaboutthetraditionsandcultureofaplace

1 2 3 4

Usemyphysicalabilitiesinsport

1 2 3 4

Beinginawilderness,remotearea

1 2 3 4

Viewinganimals,birds,plants,etc.

1 2 3 4

Learningmoreaboutanimalsandplants

1 2 3 4

Other..............

1 2 3 4

117

Consideringyourlastholiday,pleaseindicatewhatactivitieshaveyoutakenwhenonholiday.

☐Picknick

☐ Backpacking

☐Bicycling

☐Fishing

☐Hiking

☐Surfing

☐Naturegames

☐Treeplanting

☐Naturewalks

☐Caving

☐Glidersoaring

☐Mountainclimbing

☐Wildlifeviewing

☐Visitlocalvillages

☐Explorehistoricruins

☐Birdwatching

☐Photography

☐Kayak

☐Languageclasses

☐Localtraditions

☐Dealwithanimals

☐Horseriding

☐Other.............

IfIgoonholiday,Iwouldenjoy...

1=veryenjoyable,2=enjoyable,3=notveryenjoyable,4=notenjoyableatall

Doingaridingcamp

1 2 3 4

Goingtothebeach

1 2 3 4

Visitinglakes

1 2 3 4

118

Goingtothemountains

1 2 3 4

Goingtoanamusementpark

1 2 3 4

DoingaHuskycamp

1 2 3 4

Workingwithanimalsandthenature

1 2 3 4

PlayingonlinegamesorPlayStation

1 2 3 4

WatchingTelevision

1 2 3 4

Visitinganewcity

1 2 3 4

Learningaboutnewculturesandtraditions

1 2 3 4

Thefollowingstatementsrelatetoyoureverydaylife.Pleaseindicatetheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagree.

Iaminfavorofsavingremotewildernessareas.

☐ Stronglyagree ☐ Agree ☐ Neutral ☐ Disagree ☐ StronglyDisagree

Iwalkorbiketoplacesinsteadofaskingforaride

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

IturnoffthetapwaterwhileIbrushmyteeth

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

ItrytorecycleasmuchasIcan

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

119

Italktoothersabouthelpingtheenvironment

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

IpickuplitterwhenIseeitinaparkoranaturalarea

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

Iamamemberofanenvironmentalcluborgroup

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

Iworkonoutdoorprojectstoimprovetheenvironment

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

Ireadabouttheenvironmentforfun

☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Sometimes

Appendix3:Results

Q2WasistdeinGeschlecht?

554

806

6

(n=1366)

Männlich

Weiblich

KeineAntwort

120

Q3InwelcherAltersgruppebistdu?

Q4WasistdeinBildungsstand?Bitte1ankreuzen

521

299

378

166 2

(n=1366)

13-14

15-16

17-18

19-20

KeineAntwort

7 182

3

521

1

648

4

(n=1366)

Berufsschule

Gymnasium

PolytechnischeSchule

Mi�elschule

Berufslehre

121

Q5StandortmeinerSchule...(Ortsnamen)

(n=1321)

Antworten Probanden Prozent

Wien 384 29,1%

Güssing 118 8,9%

Linz 118 8,9%

Tulln 100 7,6%

Villach 74 5,6%

Neusiedl 68 5,1%

Klagenfurt 67 5,1%

Inzing 52 3,9%

Innsbruck 51 3,9%

Bezau 41 3,1%

Pressbaum 32 2,4%

Pitzelstätten 26 2,0%

Pitzelstätten 16 1,2%

Wölfnitz 14 1,1%

innsbruck 11 0,8%

Eisenstadt 9 0,7%

Inzing 9 0,7%

NMSInzing 9 0,7%

Eisenstadt 7 0,5%

VillachWarmbad 7 0,5%

122

WarmbadVillach 5 0,4%

Warmbad 5 0,4%

Gabelsberger 5 0,4%

Klagenfurt 3 0,2%

Wölfnitz 3 0,2%

bezau 3 0,2%

Villach 3 0,2%

HBLAPitzelstätten 2 0,2%

Hohenems 2 0,2%

Bezau 2 0,2%

VillachWarmbad 2 0,2%

BAfEPSacreCoeurPressbaum 2 0,2%

WarmbadVillach 2 0,2%

Müllerschule 2 0,2%

NMSInzing 2 0,2%

NeueMittelschuleInzing 2 0,2%

gabelsberger 2 0,2%

Gabelsbergerstraße 2 0,2%

Wölfnitz/Klagenfurt 1 0,1%

Kärnten 1 0,1%

Klagenfurt-Wölfnitz 1 0,1%

KlagenfurtPitzelstätten 1 0,1%

KlagenfurtPitzelstätten 1 0,1%

123

Klagenfurt,Pitzelstätten 1 0,1%

Klagenfurt/Pitzelstätten 1 0,1%

Klagenfurt/Wölfnitz 1 0,1%

Wölfnitz-Pitzelstätten 1 0,1%

HblaPitzelstätten 1 0,1%

Klagenfurt-Wölfnitz 1 0,1%

Ptzelstätten 1 0,1%

Wölfnitz-Pitzelstätten 1 0,1%

HBLAPitzelstätten,KlagenfurtWölfnitz,Kärnten 1 0,1%

HBLAPitzelstätten 1 0,1%

BezauerWirtschaftsschulen 1 0,1%

Bezau 1 0,1%

WarmbaderVillach 1 0,1%

Warmbard 1 0,1%

Villach,Warmbad 1 0,1%

Villach-warmbad 1 0,1%

Warmbad,Villach 1 0,1%

WARMBADVILLACH 1 0,1%

KTS-Villach 1 0,1%

Villach-Warmbad 1 0,1%

Pressbaum 1 0,1%

Pressbaum 1 0,1%

pressbaum 1 0,1%

124

BafepScp 1 0,1%

Warmbad-Villach 1 0,1%

Villachwarmbad 1 0,1%

Badhofgastein 1 0,1%

KärntnerTourismusschuleVillach 1 0,1%

KlagenfurtLastenstraße 1 0,1%

Ktsvillach 1 0,1%

VillachKts 1 0,1%

NMSMüllerschule 1 0,1%

Innsbruck 1 0,1%

nmsmüllerstraße 1 0,1%

Müllerstraße 1 0,1%

MüllerSchule 1 0,1%

MüllerSchule 1 0,1%

Inssbruck 1 0,1%

IBK 1 0,1%

NmsInzing 1 0,1%

6401Inzing 1 0,1%

Inzing6401 1 0,1%

Inzig 1 0,1%

Inzingintirol 1 0,1%

InzingMühlweg12 1 0,1%

NMSGabelsberger 1 0,1%

125

Nmsgabelsberger 1 0,1%

innsbruck 1 0,1%

NMSGabelsberger 1 0,1%

Gabelsbergerstraße 1 0,1%

AnkaraAtatürkLisesi 1 0,1%

Gabelsberg 1 0,1%

Gabelsberger 1 0,1%

Pradl 1 0,1%

Gesamt 1321 100,0%

Q6Normalerweiseverreiseichmit...Bitte1ankreuzen

1180

160179

(n=1366)

MeinerFamilie

MeinenFreunden

AnderenPersonen

KeineAntwort

126

Q7Ichverreiseweil....Bitte1ankreuzen

Q8LebstduineinerstädtischenoderländlichenGegend?Bitte1ankreuzen

136

640

527

56 7

(n=1366)

MeineElternmöchten,dassichmitihnenverreise

IchgernemitmeinerFamilieverreise

Ichmöchtereisen

IchreisemitmeinenFreundenzusammen

KeineAntwort

575

782

9

(n=1366)

Städnsch

Ländlich

KeineAntwort

127

Q9WelcheArtvonUrlaubmachstdunormalerweise?Bittemaximal2ankreuzen

Q9.9Ferienlager/Camps-Wennja,welcheArtvonFerienlager/Camps?

Antworten Probanden Prozent

/ 14 25,9%

Jungscharlager 4 7,4%

Reitcamp 2 3,7%

Sportcamps 2 3,7%

Pfadfinder 2 3,7%

Pfadfinderlager 2 3,7%

Reitcamp 1 1,9%

Englishcamp,Reitercamp 1 1,9%

Sommercamp 1 1,9%

Sportcamps 1 1,9%

90992

213471

201282

233405464

12

0 1002003004005006007008009001.000

Strandurlaub

Tier-undNatururlaub

Luxusurlaub(5*Hotelsetc.)

Stadt-undKultururlaub

WellnessSpaUrlaub

BesuchvonFreundenoderVerwandten

Wander-undAknvurlaub

UrlaubaufdemBauernhof

Ferienlager/Camps-Wennja,welcheArt

Sonsnges...

KeineAntwort

Probanden

Antw

ortenaxisntle

(n=1366)

128

MusikCamp 1 1,9%

MobileHome 1 1,9%

nichts 1 1,9%

Fußballcamp 1 1,9%

Ganzverschiederne 1 1,9%

MusiklagerundZirkuslager 1 1,9%

Musik 1 1,9%

Ministrantenlager 1 1,9%

Reiten 1 1,9%

Trainingslager 1 1,9%

Jugendsingwoche 1 1,9%

MobilWohnheim 1 1,9%

MitdemCampingbusherumfahren 1 1,9%

ChristlicheFreizeitenmitsportlichenAktivitäten 1 1,9%

FerienhortamWolfgangsee 1 1,9%

Ferienhort 1 1,9%

Campingplatzmit5Sternen 1 1,9%

PfadfinderSommerlager 1 1,9%

SpitalamPhyrn-Lindenhof 1 1,9%

ZeltlagerJugendrotkreuz 1 1,9%

Trainingslager,Jungscharlager 1 1,9%

Jungscharlager,FF-Lager,Musik-Lager 1 1,9%

Reitlager 1 1,9%

129

ExtremsportCamps 1 1,9%

Gesamt 54 100,0%

Q9.10Sonstiges...

Antworten Probanden Prozent

Skiurlaub 13 20,3%

Camping 3 4,7%

Kreuzfahrten 2 3,1%

Heimatland 2 3,1%

Festivals 2 3,1%

Fußballmatches 1 1,6%

Fotourlaub 1 1,6%

Skiurlaub 1 1,6%

Angelurlaub 1 1,6%

Schiurlaub 1 1,6%

BesuchbeiOma 1 1,6%

ItalienRundreise 1 1,6%

macheschonseitJahrenkeinenUrlaubmehr 1 1,6%

Clublager 1 1,6%

Radurlaub 1 1,6%

Winterurlaub 1 1,6%

andereLänderkennenlernen 1 1,6%

Camping 1 1,6%

130

EinHausmieten 1 1,6%

nichts 1 1,6%

Tennisturniere 1 1,6%

Sportveranstaltungen,Trainingslager 1 1,6%

chillen 1 1,6%

Sport 1 1,6%

Hotel 1 1,6%

Klettern,Schwimmen 1 1,6%

VolleyballTrainingslager 1 1,6%

Konzertreise 1 1,6%

/ 1 1,6%

AmLand 1 1,6%

Cluburlaub 1 1,6%

Campen 1 1,6%

eigentlichnichts 1 1,6%

MeineHeimat 1 1,6%

zuHausebleiben 1 1,6%

ichschlafebeimeinenGroßelterninOttakring 1 1,6%

Reiterhof 1 1,6%

baustellearbeitenschwarz 1 1,6%

Baustellearbeiten 1 1,6%

Badeurlaub(Therme) 1 1,6%

LändlicherTrip 1 1,6%

131

Ausflug/Seminar 1 1,6%

Tagesurlaub 1 1,6%

Skifahren 1 1,6%

Radtour 1 1,6%

AusflügemitderLandjugend 1 1,6%

Backpacking 1 1,6%

Gesamt 64 100,0%

Q10 Verbringst du deinen Urlaub normalerweise im Ausland oder innerhalb von

Österreich?

1055

297

14

(n=1366)

Ausland

InnerhalbvonÖsterreich

KeineAntwort

132

Q11 Bitte wähle die Transportart, mit der du am liebsten verreisen möchtest. Bitte 1

ankreuzen

Q11.5Sonstiges

Antworten Probanden Prozent

Schiff 5 23,8%

Wohnmobil 3 14,3%

Privatjet 1 4,8%

Wohnmobil 1 4,8%

Fahrrad 1 4,8%

schiff 1 4,8%

nichts 1 4,8%

wohnwagen 1 4,8%

Batmobile 1 4,8%

bobbycar 1 4,8%

Rad 1 4,8%

655

500

16120

219

(n=1366)

Flugzeug

Auto

Zug

Bus

Sonsnges

KeineAntwort

133

Motorrad,Karavan 1 4,8%

/ 1 4,8%

Esel 1 4,8%

AufAladdinsTeppich 1 4,8%

Gesamt 21 100,0%

Q12KennstdudasKonzeptdesÖkotourismus?Bitte1ankreuzen

219

610

528

9

(n=1366)

Ja

Nein

Ungefähr

KeineAntwort

134

Q13InwieferndenkstdudassdeinVerhaltenumweltbewusstist?Bitte1ankreuzen

Q14WiewichtigistdeinerMeinungnachderÖkotourismusfürdieZukunft?

(ÖkotourismusisteineverantwortungsbewussteArtinNaturschutzgebietezureisen,welche

dieUmweltschützenunddasWohlbefindenderMenschenvorOrtverbessern.)

Bitte1ankreuzen

90

552

573

138 13

(n=1366)

Sehrumweltbewusst

Umweltbewusst

Einbisschenumweltbewusst

Nichtsehrumweltbewusst

KeineAntwort

528

459

283

6417 15

(n=1366)

Sehrwichng

Wichng

Relanvwichng

Nichtsehrwichng

Garnichtwichng

KeineAntwort

135

Q15WowürdestduInformationenzumThemaÖkotourismusfinden?Bitte1ankreuzen

Q16WelchedieserKriterienweistdeinerMeinungnachdaraufhin,dasseineUnterkunft

umweltfreundlichist?Wähledie3Wichtigstenaus.

1158

3342

115 18

(n=1366)

Online

Reisebüro

Broschüre

Eswürdemichnichtinteressieren

369170193

407505

182174

400882

65543

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

NachgrünemFeedbackvonKundenfragenVernetzungundAustauschbewährterVerfahrenEinrichtungenfürKundenmiteingeschränkter

BereitstellungvonInformanonenzumnatürlichenBäumeverschiedenerArtpflanzen

EinegroßeAuswahlanLebensmi�elnanbietenVegetarischesEssen

ÖkostromtarifVerwendungvonSolarenergie

GästeüberdieöffentlichenVerkehrsmi�elKeineAntwort

Probanden

Antw

ortenaxisntle

(n=1366)

136

Q17Bittegib imHinblickaufdeinen letztenUrlauban,wiewichtigdie folgendenMotive

waren:

Q17.11Andere

Antworten Probanden Prozent

Entspannen 12 5,2%

Entspannung 9 3,9%

Essen 9 3,9%

Spaßhaben 6 2,6%

chillen 6 2,6%

Schwimmen 4 1,7%

entspannen 3 1,3%

shoppen 2 0,9%

Wellness 2 0,9%

Erholung 2 0,9%

essen 2 0,9%

190

7451015

227430 364 341

109 128 123 176349 440

265 380588 537

383 255 279 27140

444

116 54

492258 349 383

525 490 509

9

36338 15

24169 89

235451 443 436

620 27 17 26 21 27 24 26 26 27

1135

0200400600800

1.0001.200

Prob

ande

n

Antwortenaxisntle

1=sehrwichng 2=wichng 3=nichtsehrwichng 4=überhauptnichtwichng KeineAntwort

137

zocken 2 0,9%

schwimmen 2 0,9%

Freunde 2 0,9%

Essenskultur 2 0,9%

neuesEssenkennenlernen 2 0,9%

Spaß 2 0,9%

Reiten 2 0,9%

gutesEssen 2 0,9%

sichentspannen 2 0,9%

Essenkennenlernen 2 0,9%

Kulturen 2 0,9%

Kulturkennenzulernen 1 0,4%

Weinkosten 1 0,4%

DuHomo 1 0,4%

Ka 1 0,4%

Nichts 1 0,4%

Nix 1 0,4%

Hallo 1 0,4%

Spaßhaben 1 0,4%

sehenswürdigkeitenanschauen 1 0,4%

erkunden 1 0,4%

Hobby 1 0,4%

Mittierenindernaturarbeiten 1 0,4%

138

Sehenswürdigkeitenbesuchen 1 0,4%

Skifahren 1 0,4%

Schifahren 1 0,4%

ZeitmitFreundenverbringen 1 0,4%

Familietreffen 1 0,4%

NeueLänderbereisen 1 0,4%

NaturFotografiebetreiben 1 0,4%

AndereKulturenentdecken 1 0,4%

Orteentdecken 1 0,4%

Öffis 1 0,4%

LokalesEssenprobieren 1 0,4%

kulturen 1 0,4%

Erholung 1 0,4%

DenUrlaubgenießen 1 0,4%

1wöchigerShoppingurlaub. 1 0,4%

... 1 0,4%

Ausruhen 1 0,4%

KulturisfürmichdasWichtigste 1 0,4%

neuesEssenausprobieren(welchesdortheimischist) 1 0,4%

relaxen 1 0,4%

Sportmachen 1 0,4%

Shoppen 1 0,4%

Ballspielespielen 1 0,4%

139

entspannen/Spaßhaben 1 0,4%

Runterzukommen 1 0,4%

Skifahren 1 0,4%

braunwerden 1 0,4%

neueKulturkennenlernen 1 0,4%

Partymachen 1 0,4%

DieAuszeitgenießen 1 0,4%

Zeitgenießen 1 0,4%

Hi 1 0,4%

. 1 0,4%

leute 1 0,4%

Sport 1 0,4%

Lernenundspielen 1 0,4%

Playstationspielen 1 0,4%

Essenskulturenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

NetflixandChill 1 0,4%

EntspannungundErholung 1 0,4%

ZOCKEN 1 0,4%

Unterwasserweltbeobachten 1 0,4%

Zocken 1 0,4%

Lol 1 0,4%

Museenzubesuchen 1 0,4%

VielespannendeErlebnisse 1 0,4%

140

SchwimmenimMeer 1 0,4%

erlebnisseerleben 1 0,4%

ausflügemitderfamillie 1 0,4%

Vergnügungspark 1 0,4%

Campen 1 0,4%

EinschönerOrt 1 0,4%

zeitmitmeinemhaustierverbriengen 1 0,4%

Leutekennenlernen 1 0,4%

SchöneStätde 1 0,4%

Schnorcheln 1 0,4%

schwimmengehen 1 0,4%

Atmen 1 0,4%

Dinge 1 0,4%

aufKüheaufpassen 1 0,4%

NeueErfahrungenmachen 1 0,4%

EINKAUFEN 1 0,4%

Essenartenlernen 1 0,4%

MitFreundenrausgehen 1 0,4%

abhängen 1 0,4%

essenshopenfotomachen 1 0,4%

Kilmaschutz 1 0,4%

lernen 1 0,4%

nichtsbestimmtes 1 0,4%

141

anhängen 1 0,4%

EntspannenvomStress 1 0,4%

Relaxen 1 0,4%

verschiedeneSpeisenprobieren 1 0,4%

SpaßmitFreunden 1 0,4%

sichguterholen 1 0,4%

Gamen 1 0,4%

nurschlafen 1 0,4%

Baden 1 0,4%

neuesEssenprobieren 1 0,4%

Länderallgemein 1 0,4%

Feiern 1 0,4%

FotografieundErinnerungensammeln 1 0,4%

Spaßhabenundentspannen 1 0,4%

fotografieren 1 0,4%

Zeitzumentspannen 1 0,4%

FreundeimAuslandbesuchen 1 0,4%

alteTraditionenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

SpaßundFreudehaben 1 0,4%

keineAhnung 1 0,4%

Spaßhabenundrelaxen 1 0,4%

schwimmengehen 1 0,4%

schönesWetter 1 0,4%

142

enspannen 1 0,4%

gemeinsametwastrinkengehen 1 0,4%

Lesen 1 0,4%

Musicalsanschauen 1 0,4%

Kulturen kennenlernen und wie die Menschen dortleben 1 0,4%

zuHausebleiben 1 0,4%

Weihnachtenfeiern 1 0,4%

Freundefinden 1 0,4%

Länderbesuchen 1 0,4%

Vielraussgehen 1 0,4%

Essen 1 0,4%

Zunerven 1 0,4%

hendyschpielenserwhichtig 1 0,4%

Weltenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

Speisen 1 0,4%

lesen 1 0,4%

EntspannenundStressabbauen 1 0,4%

Fotos 1 0,4%

Städtezusehen 1 0,4%

Lebensstileentdecken 1 0,4%

Erfahrungsammeln 1 0,4%

Sehenswürdigkeiten 1 0,4%

EntspannungundAblenkungvomAlltag 1 0,4%

143

SightSeeing 1 0,4%

Hobbysmachen, die in unserem Land nichtmöglichsind,z.B.surfen 1 0,4%

SelbstständigkeitinderNatur 1 0,4%

Entspannung:GenießendererstenTagedesUrlaubs 1 0,4%

Gegendnäherkennenlernen 1 0,4%

Entspannen, sich wohlfühlen und einfach einmalabschalten 1 0,4%

sicherholen 1 0,4%

aufUmweltschauen 1 0,4%

Städteerkunden 1 0,4%

Fischartenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

mitderFamilieSpaßhaben 1 0,4%

ÜberlebeninderWildnis 1 0,4%

Menschenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

Wasser 1 0,4%

DasEssenvonanderenLändernprobieren 1 0,4%

Stadtlebenkennenlernen 1 0,4%

AuszeitvomAlltag 1 0,4%

tollesSkigebiet 1 0,4%

eineAuszeitnehmen 1 0,4%

wandern 1 0,4%

nix 1 0,4%

Sport/Surfen 1 0,4%

144

Kulinarik 1 0,4%

NeueKulturenkennen 1 0,4%

Enspannen 1 0,4%

Gesamt 231 100,0%

Q18 Wenn du an deinen letzten Urlaub denkst, bitte gib an, welche Aktivitäten du im

Urlaubunternommenhast.Wählemaximal5Aktivitätenaus

Q18.23Andere

20442

42184

490168

25828

38844

23157160

442241

63838

10873

277174

90337

48

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

PickNickBackpackingRadfahren

AngelnWandern

SurfenSpieleinderNatur

BäumepflanzenWanderungeninderNatur

HöhlenforschungEinSegelflugzeugsteigenlassen

BergsteigenDieWildnisbeobachtenLokaleDörferbesuchen

HistorischeRuinenerkundenVögelbeobachten

FotografierenKajakfahren

SprachkursemachenLokaleTradinonenlernenBeschä�igungmitTieren

ReitenAndere

KeineAntwort

Probanden

Antw

ortenaxisntle

(n=1366)

145

Antworten Probanden Prozent

schwimmen 52 15,4%

Schwimmen 16 4,7%

Skifahren 16 4,7%

Baden 6 1,8%

Essen 5 1,5%

Sport 5 1,5%

Fußball 4 1,2%

snowboarden 4 1,2%

imMeerschwimmen 3 0,9%

Schwimmen 3 0,9%

Skifahren 3 0,9%

Tauchen 3 0,9%

Bootfahren 3 0,9%

shoppen 3 0,9%

schwimmen 3 0,9%

Party 3 0,9%

Motorbootfahren 2 0,6%

Schifahren 2 0,6%

Jagen 2 0,6%

Shoppen 2 0,6%

skifahren 2 0,6%

Chillen 2 0,6%

146

Fußballspielen 2 0,6%

Schifahren 2 0,6%

entspannen 2 0,6%

Partygemacht 2 0,6%

schwimmengehen 2 0,6%

Fussballspielen 2 0,6%

Klettern 2 0,6%

Sehenswürdigkeitenansehen 2 0,6%

spazieren 2 0,6%

Volleyballspielen 2 0,6%

Essengehen 2 0,6%

schnorcheln 2 0,6%

Camping 2 0,6%

Zelten 2 0,6%

Sightseeing 2 0,6%

BadenimSee 2 0,6%

saufen 2 0,6%

Quadfahren 1 0,3%

Segeln 1 0,3%

Bayanus 1 0,3%

InsJugendzentrumgehen 1 0,3%

Fußballstadienanschauen 1 0,3%

Skaten 1 0,3%

147

Kiffen 1 0,3%

AmStrandliegen 1 0,3%

sightseeing 1 0,3%

ampoolchillenundimmeer 1 0,3%

Stadrundfahrt 1 0,3%

Zocken 1 0,3%

Museen besucht, Shopping, Sehenswürdigkeitenbesucht,Freizeitpark 1 0,3%

Kulturentdecken 1 0,3%

Tennisspielen 1 0,3%

Skifahren 1 0,3%

DieStadterkunden 1 0,3%

Standupbaddling 1 0,3%

Orteerforscht 1 0,3%

Spazieren 1 0,3%

AmStrandrelaxen 1 0,3%

Apresski 1 0,3%

schwimmeninderTherme 1 0,3%

Meer 1 0,3%

SkifahrenundAprésSki 1 0,3%

Shoppen,inBarsgehenahaha 1 0,3%

skifahren 1 0,3%

SchwimmenimMeer 1 0,3%

RadtourdurchsLand 1 0,3%

148

TraditionellesEssen 1 0,3%

wasserschlacht 1 0,3%

Fußballzuschauen 1 0,3%

Schwimmen,Spazieren 1 0,3%

Strandliegen 1 0,3%

Sonnenliegen 1 0,3%

Bootfahren 1 0,3%

Skifahren,Snowboarden 1 0,3%

Sternebeobachtet 1 0,3%

schwimmen(strand) 1 0,3%

Snowboarden/Skiurlaub 1 0,3%

Weedrauchen 1 0,3%

amStrandliegen 1 0,3%

chillaxen 1 0,3%

schlafen,feiern 1 0,3%

schwimmen,essen,schlafenusw 1 0,3%

Sporrt 1 0,3%

Handyspielen 1 0,3%

tennisspielen 1 0,3%

Beachvolleyball,Basketball... 1 0,3%

ZOCKENSCHWIMMEN 1 0,3%

Schnorcheln 1 0,3%

Ficken 1 0,3%

149

Sportfußballundsocoolesachenhalt 1 0,3%

shoppen,sachenanschauen 1 0,3%

SchwimmenundAchterbahnfahren 1 0,3%

Shoppen 1 0,3%

kletterpark 1 0,3%

essengehen 1 0,3%

essengehen 1 0,3%

Cheerleadingisbeste 1 0,3%

ChillenaufdemStrand 1 0,3%

Schwimengehen 1 0,3%

ChillenamPooloderMeer 1 0,3%

Strandgegangen,fischgegessen 1 0,3%

Volleyball 1 0,3%

StrandSonneSchwimmen 1 0,3%

einkaufen,stadtansehen 1 0,3%

amStrandspazieren 1 0,3%

instadteinkaaufenundso 1 0,3%

Mopedfahren 1 0,3%

schlaffen 1 0,3%

Schwimmen,Strandgehn,esssen,chillen, 1 0,3%

hotel 1 0,3%

Fußballspilen 1 0,3%

schlafen 1 0,3%

150

Schwimmen,Stadterkunden 1 0,3%

Biertrinken 1 0,3%

spazierendurchdieOrte 1 0,3%

neueRestaurantsausprobieren 1 0,3%

MiniGolf 1 0,3%

Strand 1 0,3%

schwimmen,relaxen,Sauna 1 0,3%

Familie besucht, in der Stadt gewesen, FreundegetroffenundvielmitderFamilieunternommen 1 0,3%

schwimmen,feiern,entspannen 1 0,3%

Freundebesuchen 1 0,3%

Bauernhofbewirtschaften 1 0,3%

AmStrandbaden 1 0,3%

Tourismus-Attraktionen 1 0,3%

Ausstellungen,Museen,Kulturveranstaltungen 1 0,3%

Bettliegen,Bowling 1 0,3%

fortgehen,grillen,amLiegestuhlausruhen 1 0,3%

Sight-Seeing 1 0,3%

Stadtangesehen 1 0,3%

schwimmen/tauchen 1 0,3%

feiern,entspannen,shoppen 1 0,3%

Stadt/Landschaftbegutachten 1 0,3%

schwimmenimMeer 1 0,3%

am Strand liegen, schwimmen, essen gehen, unter1 0,3%

151

Leutegehenundeinkaufen

Fortgehen 1 0,3%

FußballschauenimStadion 1 0,3%

schwimmen,segeln 1 0,3%

Laufen 1 0,3%

sportlicheAktivitäten(Volleyball) 1 0,3%

Alkoholtrinken(ZrceBeach) 1 0,3%

Feiern,Strand 1 0,3%

Spaßhaben 1 0,3%

mitdemHandyspielen 1 0,3%

insRestaurantgehen 1 0,3%

Chillenundnichtsmachen 1 0,3%

Motocross 1 0,3%

Theater/Musicalsanschauen 1 0,3%

Computerspielen 1 0,3%

Segeln 1 0,3%

Stadtspazieren 1 0,3%

keines 1 0,3%

schwimmen,laufen,Fußballspielen 1 0,3%

Fußball,schwimmen 1 0,3%

zuHausesein 1 0,3%

Skitouren 1 0,3%

DieStadtentdecken 1 0,3%

152

Zeitmitfreundenverbringen 1 0,3%

beten 1 0,3%

Beten 1 0,3%

Sport,Schwimmen,Sightseeing 1 0,3%

Naturparkbesuch 1 0,3%

Feiern 1 0,3%

Stadtbesichtigen 1 0,3%

Baden 1 0,3%

schwimmen,Städtebesichtigen 1 0,3%

kulturelleAktivitäten 1 0,3%

TauchenmitSauerstoffflaschenundschwimmen 1 0,3%

Badengehen 1 0,3%

Lagerbauen 1 0,3%

Safari 1 0,3%

Stadtangeschaut 1 0,3%

Elefantenreiten 1 0,3%

gemeinsamgemütlichzusammensein 1 0,3%

imMeerbadenunddieStadterkunden 1 0,3%

Landnähererkunden,Landschaftdortkennenlernen 1 0,3%

Skifahren,Esse,entspannen 1 0,3%

skifahren,Essengehen 1 0,3%

saufen,skifahren 1 0,3%

historischeDenkmälerbesichtigen,regionalesEssen 1 0,3%

153

Strandliegen,schwimmen 1 0,3%

Sehenswürdigkeitensehen 1 0,3%

Tennis 1 0,3%

Paragleiten 1 0,3%

regionaleKostessen 1 0,3%

schnorcheln,Bootfahren 1 0,3%

durchdieStadtspazieren 1 0,3%

StadtperFußerkunden 1 0,3%

Essen,Party 1 0,3%

Motorboot 1 0,3%

Trinken,schwimmen 1 0,3%

Alkoholtrinken 1 0,3%

SightSeeing 1 0,3%

HuskySchlittenfahrt 1 0,3%

Stadtrundfahrt 1 0,3%

tauchen 1 0,3%

Gesamt 337 100,0%

154

Q19WasistdiramwichtigstenwennduandenSchutzdesPlanetendenkst?(Stichpunkte)

Antworten Probanden Prozent

Nachhaltigkeit 11 1,0%

wenigerPlastik 8 0,7%

Klimawandel 5 0,5%

wenigerPlastik 3 0,3%

Mülltrennung 3 0,3%

Umweltverschmutzung 3 0,3%

Müllvermeidung 2 0,2%

Nix 2 0,2%

WenigerPlastik 2 0,2%

Müll 2 0,2%

wenigerAbgase 2 0,2%

KeineAhnung 2 0,2%

wenigerplastik 2 0,2%

Ichdenkenichtdaran 2 0,2%

Umweltschutz 2 0,2%

wenigerSchadstoffe,Umweltverschmutzung 2 0,2%

Mülltrennung,Luftverschmutzung,Wasserverschmutzung,Erderwärmung 2 0,2%

Garnichts 2 0,2%

Nichts 2 0,2%

ÖkoStrom 2 0,2%

Nachhaltigkeit,Umweltschutz,RücksichtaufdieNaturundBevölkerungnehmen 1 0,1%

155

Umweltschonen 1 0,1%

KeinenDreck,Naturerhalten,Lebewesennichtausrotten/vertreiben 1 0,1%

Plastikkomplettabzuschaffen 1 0,1%

DasdieUmweltgeschontbleibt 1 0,1%

CO2Produktionreduzieren.Plastikvermeiden. 1 0,1%

WenigerAutofahrenmehrmitÖffis 1 0,1%

Plastikabschaffen 1 0,1%

KeineAhnung.Nichts. 1 0,1%

Treibhauseffekt 1 0,1%

ÖkologischeVerpackungen,Müllvermeidung,Umweltschützen 1 0,1%

KeinPlastik 1 0,1%

DasswenigerAutosgebautundgefahrenwerden 1 0,1%

WenigerCO2,Geburtsratesollteverringertwerden, 1 0,1%

ReduktionvonPlastikmüllinderNatur/imOzean. 1 0,1%

KeinAtomkraftwerk 1 0,1%

wenigerMüll(plastik) 1 0,1%

Überbevölkerungvermindern 1 0,1%

KeinMüllinderNatur 1 0,1%

IchfindemehrLeutesolltenaufbioProdukteachtgebenoderzbmitdemBusfahrendamehrerePersonenmiteinenFahrzeugunterwegssindundsodieUmweltwenigerbelassten 1 0,1%

WenigerplastikWenigerabgaseKeineatomenergie 1 0,1%

Müllentsorgung 1 0,1%

MannmussmehrCannabisPflanzen,dannwirdderKlimawandel verlangsamt!!Save thecannabisLegalisierunginÖsterreich 1 0,1%

156

Binnischsüchtignach 1 0,1%

Müllentsorgen 1 0,1%

WenigerAbgase,wenigerPlastik 1 0,1%

Alles 1 0,1%

DasdieKlimaErwärmungstoppt 1 0,1%

keine ausländischen Produkte kaufen.Müll nicht auf die straßewerfen. ökologische Energie -> e-Autos bringen nicht viel wenn der strom von kohlekraftwerken kommt. keine kurzstreckenflüge(außer es ist nicht anderstmöglich) Plastik vermeiden (zB Sackerl oderObst vermeiden das nochzusätzlichinPlastikverpacktist->derkonsumentkannselbstentscheiden)

1 0,1%

TiereundPflanzenschützen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung so wenig Plastik wie möglich weniger mit Autos fahren mehr öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenutzen 1 0,1%

MüllVermeidung/wenigerautofahren 1 0,1%

KeinPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

atomkraftwerkeabschaffen 1 0,1%

Kriegeplastikproduktion 1 0,1%

Keinmüllinsmeerwerfen 1 0,1%

KeineUmweltferschmutzung 1 0,1%

Keinenatomstrom 1 0,1%

MüllvermeidenKlimawandelstoppenArmutundHungerbekämpfen 1 0,1%

MülltrennungUmweltSchutz 1 0,1%

DasmannandieUmweltdenkt 1 0,1%

Tierschutz 1 0,1%

AufdieUmweltvermutzungzuachten. 1 0,1%

MüllvermeidenundaufKlimawandelachtenunddagegenwirken 1 0,1%

Müllvermeiden,Müllordnungsgerechtentsorgen 1 0,1%

157

Plastikeinsparen 1 0,1%

Klimawandelbremsen 1 0,1%

Müllreduzieren 1 0,1%

Wassersparen,Artenvielfaltaufrechterhalten 1 0,1%

umweltfreundlich 1 0,1%

WenigerCo2-Emissionen 1 0,1%

möglichstkurzeReisestrecken 1 0,1%

Müllvermeiden,nichtvielverreisenundwenn,dannmitÖffis. 1 0,1%

DasauchdieGenerationennachmirnochgutlebenkönnen. 1 0,1%

Abgase,SolarEnergie 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,gesundesLeben,miteinander 1 0,1%

Klimawandelstoppen 1 0,1%

ökologischer Fußabdruck wenig Abgase mehr Planzen —> Fotosynthese weniger Pesticide &Herbizide>besserfürsTrinkwasser 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastikverbrauchen 1 0,1%

MüllvermeidenLebensmittelBioundnachhaltigTiereschützenÖffisnutzen 1 0,1%

Keinenmüllhinauswerfen,CO2ausstoß 1 0,1%

•ÖffentlicheVerkehrmittel•KeinPlastik 1 0,1%

WenigerAngaseundPlastikproduzieren 1 0,1%

•öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenützen•nichtachtlosMüllwegwerfen 1 0,1%

KlimawandelstoppenZ.b.E-Autos,ÖPNV,... 1 0,1%

•WenigerPlastik•umweltbewusstenleben 1 0,1%

•Abfallentsorgung/trennung•wenigPlastikmüll 1 0,1%

•keinenMüllinderNaturachtlosliegenlassen•aufdieUmweltachten 1 0,1%

158

Umweltverschmutzunginzügelnhalten 1 0,1%

KeineUmweltverschmutzungStromsparen 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastikMehtRecyclingMehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen 1 0,1%

•KeineUmweltverschmutzung,•wenigermitAutofahren 1 0,1%

GuteKlimapolitikVermeidungvonEmissionenÖkostromRegional,saisonalesEssen 1 0,1%

¬Plastikverbraichvermindern¬Öffisausbauen,imoberenGailtaldenZugwiedereinführen¬Trump,usw.Atomwaffenverbieten 1 0,1%

AufdenPlanetenachtenundUmweltbewussterLeben 1 0,1%

MinimierungdesCO-AusschussesdasUmweltbewusstseinderMenschheitstärken 1 0,1%

NachhaltigeenergieerzeugungWiederverwertungvonDinngenAufdieUmweldachtenDenausstößvonco2undMethanverringernDenSchutzdesRegenwaldes 1 0,1%

MülltrennungWenigPlastikverwendenÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittelverwenden 1 0,1%

Umweltbewusstleben 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Transportmittel,Ökostrom(engergie) 1 0,1%

1)GlobaleErwärmungverhindern2)Naturschützen 1 0,1%

MüllindenMülleimerMitOffisfahren 1 0,1%

Recyceln 1 0,1%

-ÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittel-Co2Gehaltverringern 1 0,1%

DerSchutz 1 0,1%

ArtgerechteTierhaltung/keineMassentierhaltung 1 0,1%

Richtiges RecycelnMehrwiederverwendbare SachenbenutzenRücksicht auf den Einkauf nehmen(wenigerplastik,aufSiegelnachten,zB.Bio)StattmitdemAuto,mehrzuFußodermitdemFahrradfahrenÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenutzen

1 0,1%

NachhaltigeLebensweise 1 0,1%

VerpackungenundPlastikreduzierenAuspuffGasereduzieren 1 0,1%

MeineKindersollteneinenschönenOrtzumLebenhaben. 1 0,1%

159

Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

Recycling 1 0,1%

Palmöl&Plastikvermeiden,liebevollzurMutterNatursein 1 0,1%

Dass jeder unter uns seinen eigenen Müll nicht wegwirft sondern richtig ENTSORGEN! WenigerPlastikverwendenbzw.daraufverzichten. 1 0,1%

umweltsäubernsprichlitteringuswnaturschützenundvielesmehr 1 0,1%

NOPLASTIC 1 0,1%

Regionalundsaisonalessundkochen.WenigAuto,Flugzeug... 1 0,1%

CO2Ausstoßverhindern 1 0,1%

SchutzderDiversität 1 0,1%

Co2Ausstoßvermindern,wenigerFleischessen,umweltbewussterwerden 1 0,1%

NachhaltigkeitdernächstenGenerationaucheinenfunktionierendePlanetenbieten. 1 0,1%

Strom,WassersparenPlastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgaseinderLuft 1 0,1%

dassdienächstenGenerationenauchnochlebenkönnen 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz 1 0,1%

Klima 1 0,1%

VermeidungvonPlastikRegionalesEssen 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,Umweltschutzweiterfördern 1 0,1%

DieTreibhausgasestoppenindemmanwenigerFleisch(vorallemRindfleisch)isstundmanEnergieinFormvonSolarenergieoderWindenergieproduziertundkeineAtom-Kohlekraftwerkemehrbaut.Unddas sich jeder fürdiesesThemaangesprochen fühltunddassauch jederetwasunternehmenundbewirkenkann.

1 0,1%

WenigerCO2Ausstoß 1 0,1%

Klimawandelstoppen 1 0,1%

Veganismus,Ökostrom,Elektrofahrzeuge,VermeidungvonPlstikmüll 1 0,1%

160

nichtsovielPlastikmitVerstandlebennichtzuverschwenderisch 1 0,1%

KlimawandelminimierenVerschmutzungderMeerereduzierenÜberfischungstoppen 1 0,1%

Klimaerwärmung,Müll,CO2 1 0,1%

Plastikreduzieren 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikverwendenmehraufGlasumsteigenundwenigerAbgasseproduziereneherselbergehnalsdasAutobenutzen. 1 0,1%

- Papier oder Stoff anstatt Plastiksäcke -weniger Abgase (mehrmit demRad fahren oder zu Fußgehen...)-Abfalltrennen-AbfälleindenMistkübelwerfenundnichtaufdemBodenodersonstwo-den Tierschutz fördern also Tierschänder festnehmen u. s. w. - weniger Massentierhaltung -gesünderundvegetarischerKochen-wenigerFastFoodundMassenindustrieprodukte-Naturparksschützen - fast aussterbende Tiere schützen -Wilderei stoppen -mehr Hilfsprojekte für verletzteTiereu.s.w.

1 0,1%

Regenwald 1 0,1%

AbgasReduktion,Müllverwertung,BewusstseinfüralleLebewesennichtnurunsselbst 1 0,1%

SchutzderArtenvielfaltSchutzderTiere 1 0,1%

UmstiegaufveganeErnährung,NutzungöffentlicherVerkehrsmittel,Zerowaste 1 0,1%

WenigerLuftverschmutzungNichtalleBäumefällen 1 0,1%

Klima,Umweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

MüllinMülleimergeben,Öffisbenützen, 1 0,1%

Klima,Almen 1 0,1%

Einwegplastik vermeiden Verarbeitete Lebensmittel vermeiden Informationeneinholen/hinterfragen!! 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,Umweltbewusstsein,SparenvonRessourcen 1 0,1%

WenigerStrom/EnergieverbrauchMülltrennungÖftersöffentlicheVerkehrsmittelverwendem 1 0,1%

Nicht mehr so viel Plastik in Supermärkten verwenden (Tüten, Verpackungen, etc) Schutz derMeere/GewässerbedrohteTierarten/unerkundeteOrteinRuhelassenoderbeschützen 1 0,1%

Arktis,Antarktis,Tiere,keinPlastikbzw.weniger,Schadstoffemissionreduzieren 1 0,1%

Klimaschutz,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

161

WenigPlastik,wenigerAutos 1 0,1%

Bio-Produkte Elektro-Fahrzeuge Vermeiden von extrem schädlichen Stoffen Schutz der TropenPlastikvermeidungRettungvonKorallenriffenundderArktis 1 0,1%

DieTiereundNatur 1 0,1%

wenigermitdemAutofahren,Müllwegwerfen.AufdieUmweltachten! 1 0,1%

nix 1 0,1%

mehraufdieUmweltachten 1 0,1%

wenigerAutosmehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

wenigerAutofahren,Naturschonendbauen 1 0,1%

keinMüll 1 0,1%

Naturschutzgebiete,gesicherteZukunftMenschenundTiere 1 0,1%

PlastikvermeidenHeimischeLebensmittelgenießen 1 0,1%

Weniger Autofahren, gute Essen nicht wegschmeißen, aussterbende Tierarten helfen, auf dieUmweltachten,Müllrecyclen 1 0,1%

aufdieNaturachten,umweltfreundlich leben,dasguteEssennichtwegschmeißen,auch,wennesschonabgelaufenist,Plastiksogutesgehtvermeiden 1 0,1%

Wissen,abwannmanzuvielzbfliegtodermitdemAutofährtundinGrenzenhalten. 1 0,1%

mehrgrüneFlächen 1 0,1%

weniger bis kein Plastik verwenden; Recycling; Abfall in denMülleimerwerfen; wenigermit demAutofahren->mehrzuFußgehen; 1 0,1%

Hinterfragenobmanesbraucht,bevormanetwaskauft 1 0,1%

LebensraumvonTierenerhaltenWassersauberhalten 1 0,1%

Dass jeder zumindest das Nötigste macht um den Planet zu "schützen", wie seinen Müllordnungsgemäß entsorgen, keine Plastiksackerl verwenden, oder zumindest wiederzuverwenden,etc.

1 0,1%

WenigerCo2verbrauchen 1 0,1%

KeineTiereessen! 1 0,1%

162

wenigenfliegen,wenigerPlastik,wenigerAutofahren 1 0,1%

MülltrennungBewussterUmgangmitLebensmittel,Autonutzungetc 1 0,1%

gesamteBevölkerungsollhelfen,nichtnureinzelne,allemüssenetwastun 1 0,1%

keinKunststoffverwendenMülltrennen 1 0,1%

Dass die Welt nicht verschmutzt werden soll und dass keine Umweltkatastrophen dadurchentstehen. 1 0,1%

aufdieUmweltachten,wenigerCO2,wenigerPlastik,aufRessourcenachten 1 0,1%

wenigerBäumefällen,Wassersparen,wenigerAbgaseundweigerPlastik 1 0,1%

Wassersparen,wenigerPlastik 1 0,1%

GOVEGAN!!!!!!!!!! 1 0,1%

denKonsumverringernundumweltbewussterleben 1 0,1%

alleMenschen sollten bewusstmehr auf ihre Verschwendung achten, jeder sollte dazu beitragenwenigerzuverbrauchenundbewussteraufdenSchutzderPlanetenachten 1 0,1%

wenigPlastikMüllTrennung 1 0,1%

Dasserüberlebt 1 0,1%

Plastikmuss reduziert werden, Bildung über Umweltschutz, Großkonzerne dürfen wenigermachthaben 1 0,1%

Verringerung der Co2 undMethan Ausstöße verringern durch Umstellung des KonsumverhaltensundINFORMIEREN 1 0,1%

VermeidenvonPlastik,Müllrichtigentsorgen 1 0,1%

saubereUmwelt,Tieremehrachtgeben, 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik! 1 0,1%

wenigAbgaseproduzieren,keinePlastikSackerlbenutzen,allgemeinwenigPlastikbenutzen,NichtjedenTagFleischkonsumieren,etc... 1 0,1%

AufPlastikverzichtenundregionaleinkaufen. 1 0,1%

LeutenvonAnfanganbeibringen,wiemanMülltrennt,Strom,Wasser,wertvolleRessourcenspartKindervielindasThemamiteinbeziehenaufNaturundTiereachtengenerellmehraufQualitätvonProdukten achten (brauche ich daswirklich,wieweitwar derWeg, darauf achten, dass es keine

1 0,1%

163

Tierversuchesind)

Plastikverwendung reduzieren, regionale und biologische Produkte kaufen,Müll trennen, bewusstleben 1 0,1%

DasnochvieleGenerationenaufderErdeeinengutenLebensstilhabenund jederaufdieUmweltachtet. 1 0,1%

TierartensollenbestehenbleibenTemperatursollnichtmehrsteigenMüllsollnichtüberallliegen 1 0,1%

DasmangefährdeteTierartenschützt 1 0,1%

PlastikMussunbedingtreduziertwerden 1 0,1%

Keinplastik!! 1 0,1%

versuchenwenigerPlastikzukaufen 1 0,1%

•ZukunftfürMutterNatur•KeinPlastikmehr•MehrSchutzfürTiereimMeer 1 0,1%

Klimaerwärmungverringern 1 0,1%

Zusammenhalt 1 0,1%

Klimawandelreduzieren 1 0,1%

Das die Menschheit stirbt. Die beste Möglichkeit diesen Planten zu retten ust die Mebschheitauszurotten.WirsindeinePlagefürdenPlaneten 1 0,1%

MöglichstaufPlastikverzichten 1 0,1%

Umweltfreundlichhandeln,plastikreduzieren,aufpassenwasmankauft 1 0,1%

NichtunnötigoftmitdemAutofahren 1 0,1%

Verringerung von Plastikmüll Reduzierung schädlicher Abgase Unterstützung lokaler Betriebe &Bauern:regionale&saisonaleLebensmittel 1 0,1%

-plastikverbrauchverringern-aufklärenüberFolgen-AlternativenzuPlastikvorschlagen-Tierschutz 1 0,1%

Mansollkeinenmüllwoanderswegwerfenauserindenmistkübel 1 0,1%

AufhörendenRegenwaltabzuholzen,wenigerco²produzierenumdieKlimaerwärmungzustoppen 1 0,1%

Plastikreduzierung Bio Sesional und regionale Lebensmittel Vegetarisch\vegan KeineMassentierhaltung 1 0,1%

164

Zukunft(Planeten)fürdienächstenGenerationenschützen,sichereundgesundeUnwelt 1 0,1%

BewusstseinderMenschen,VerbundenheitzurNatur,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

DieKlimaerwärmungzustoppen. 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,mehrmitFahrradfahren, 1 0,1%

dasdieweltnichtmehrsosehrverschmutztwirdwieesheutzutageist 1 0,1%

dasKlima.wenigerfleischessenmehrveggie. 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik 1 0,1%

nichts 1 0,1%

Eswarwichtigjaauchzuverstehennochwaswichtigesportmachenspielen. 1 0,1%

nichtdieganzeWälderabsegen 1 0,1%

DaswenigerMüllbzw.Plastiggebensollte 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik,Erderwährmungvermeiden,veganeErnährung 1 0,1%

müllverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Mehrmit öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel fahren, nicht zu viel Lebensmittel kaufen,Müll recyceln, zuFußodermitFahrrad,nichtzulangduschen(Wassersparen),Stromsparen,nichtimmerwasneueskaufen(Kleidungwiederverwenden)

1 0,1%

ReinerSauerstoffReinesWasser 1 0,1%

EinschränkungdesCO2Auswurfes 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllherstellung,Stromsparen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenützen,Recycling,nichtwegenjederkleinenEntfernungmitdemAutofahren->zuFußgehen,mitdemRadfahren,... 1 0,1%

Müllverschmutzung 1 0,1%

denAntropogenenTreibstoffreduzierenDiePolezuschützenDasMeerzusäubernweildeswegensehrvieleFischesterbenmüsse 1 0,1%

... 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgase,Elektroauto,keineMüllverschmutzung,Stromversorgungbedenken 1 0,1%

DasderRegenwaldnichtzerstörtwird. 1 0,1%

165

CO2VerbrauchsenkenStromverbrauchusw 1 0,1%

mehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenützen,wenigerPlastikverwenden&Wasser-undStromsparen 1 0,1%

CO2Wertesenken,wenigerAutofahren,Urwaldnichtabholzen 1 0,1%

RzgdssgyvyxbdbdnbdmhsmrmrhmrhmudmdukjmmdmemmhemuejuejuejejejdjdndnnenrjdjdjjdndmdMitRadfahrendddddddjjgjtrzhrhrh 1 0,1%

KeinenMüllinderNaturliegenlassen 1 0,1%

CO2,Stromsparen 1 0,1%

nichtmehrRauchenmehrRadfahrenstattautofahren 1 0,1%

Pflanzen,Umweltfreundlich 1 0,1%

WenigerAutofahrenCO2einsparenWenigerMüllzuproduzieren 1 0,1%

GegenKlimaWandel. 1 0,1%

NichtmehrsovieleAtomkraftwerke 1 0,1%

wenigerFleisch,mehrFahrradfahrenunddemonstieren 1 0,1%

Vegetarische Ernährung, da die Fleischproduktion ein hoher umweltschädlicher Faktor ist. CO2sparendreisen,WasserundStromsparen 1 0,1%

MehrMülleimeranbietenmehrrecaceln 1 0,1%

DerKlimaschutzunddieUmweltverschmutzung! 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastikzuproduzieren.WenigerMüllinsMeerwerfen.MehrBäumepflanzen. 1 0,1%

DerKlimaschutzundauchdasmandieUmweltverschmutzungstoppt! 1 0,1%

-WenigerSchmutz 1 0,1%

DassmanwenigerCO²verbraucht. 1 0,1%

wenigermüllproduzieren,wenigerabgaseproduzieren 1 0,1%

mülltrennung,mehraufdienaturschauen,keinetrophäenjagdmehr 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikkeinenMüllaufdieStraße 1 0,1%

166

-WenigerSchmutz-ähhh....-...-Klima? 1 0,1%

keinenMüllaufdenBodenwerfen 1 0,1%

wenigerabgase,wenigermüll,keinplastik 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikverwenden,keineMülleinfachsowegwerfen,... 1 0,1%

KEINPLASTIKwenigerMüllundmehrradfahrenundnichtAutofahren 1 0,1%

Tiere,Pflanzen,Müllverringern,Autosverringern 1 0,1%

UmweltverschmutzungverhindernelektronischmitdemAutofahrenwenigerPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

wenigerSchadstoffe,Umweltverschmutzung, 1 0,1%

DasdieLuftsauberbleibt. 1 0,1%

WenigerAutofahrenwenigerPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

wenigerSchadstoffe,Umweltverschmutzungusw. 1 0,1%

DasKlima. 1 0,1%

keineUmweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

UMWELT SCHUTZ TIERE HABEN KEINEN LEBENSRAUMMEHR!!!!! DIE POLITIKER MÜSSEN ETWASUNTERNEHMENWIEWIRDSUNTSMINE/UNSEREZUKUNFTAUSSEHEN!! 1 0,1%

Umweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Klima,Familie,Freunde,Tiere,Nahrungsmittel,dasseskeinenKrieggibt, 1 0,1%

wenigermitdemAutofahren 1 0,1%

WenigerAutofahrenWenigerPlastikverwendenandieUnwelddenken 1 0,1%

Klima,Politik,Artikel13,Meer,sauberesWasser,Sauerstoff 1 0,1%

DaswirgenügendWasserundLufthaben. 1 0,1%

Weißesnicht 1 0,1%

Müllvermeidenundwenigproduzierenundtrennen 1 0,1%

CO2verbrauchverringern/Klimawandel 1 0,1%

167

WenigMüllproduzierenundMülltrennenfürsRecycling 1 0,1%

nichtkurzestreckenmitdemautofahrenachtendassmannichtzuvielplastikkauft 1 0,1%

KeineMüllverschwendug,Recyceln,aufdieTiereschauen 1 0,1%

Alles 1 0,1%

Tiere,Pflanzen,undUmweltschutz 1 0,1%

Umwelt 1 0,1%

Daserunsfürimmerbleibt. 1 0,1%

AusstoßvonTreibhausgasendrastischreduzieren 1 0,1%

Müllvermeidung 1 0,1%

recyclen 1 0,1%

SaubereLuftfürInnsbruck!!!WenigerMüll(Plastik)!!!KeineMassentierhalltung!!! 1 0,1%

Tiere,Regenwaldrodungabstellen,ÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenutzen 1 0,1%

Massentierhaltung nicht unterstützen.(sollte abgeschafft werden) Keinen Müll in die Umweltwerfen. 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,ZügeundBusseverbilligernundFlugzeugeverteuern 1 0,1%

Klima, damit keine Tierartenausrottung,damitMenschen in ihrenGebieten leben bleiben können,versucheninderNäheUrlaubzumachendamitwenigAbgase,wennmöglichmitZugfahren 1 0,1%

DasdieWinterunddieGletschererhaltenbleiben. 1 0,1%

Plastik vermeiden, Flüge versteuern und teurer machen , Züge verbilligern, Pfandflaschen, Öffisbenutzen,wenigerFleischessen 1 0,1%

Müll,Plastikvermeiden; 1 0,1%

mehreröffentlicheverkehrsmittelnutzen 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden.WenigAutofahren.Biokaufen. 1 0,1%

Abgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

-Tiere-SterbendeLebewesendurchKlimawandel 1 0,1%

168

dienatur 1 0,1%

müll 1 0,1%

Wassernichtdreckigmachenz.b(mitplastikflaschen) 1 0,1%

müllaufsammeln(inmüllEimerschmeißen) 1 0,1%

keinMüllaufdemBodenwerfen 1 0,1%

KEINESPRITZMITTELKEINEMONOKULTURUNDAUFGARKEINENFALLTIERQUELERREI 1 0,1%

bäumeschneidenmüllaufdembodenverfen 1 0,1%

DasdieMenschendenMüllnichtaufdieStraßewerfensonderninsMüllschmeißsen.wenigergasewiezumBeispielAutooderFabriktreiben 1 0,1%

miristwichtigdaswirwenigPlastikverwenden. 1 0,1%

Dasinteressiertmichnicht 1 0,1%

denMüllnichtaufdenbodenferfen 1 0,1%

dassdieNaturnichtschmutzigist,wassernichtdreckigist 1 0,1%

dasesmirgutgehtundmeinerFamilie 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikKonsum 1 0,1%

DassowenigAbgasewiemöglichandieUmweltgesendetwerdenlolollololololoololololololo 1 0,1%

Essen 1 0,1%

DaswirprobierensollendenKlimawandelzumindern 1 0,1%

WenigPlastikverwenden:) 1 0,1%

PLASTIKZUVERMEIDEN... 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikKonsumundwenigautofahren 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

WenigerMüllproduzierenmehressenwambo. 1 0,1%

essen 1 0,1%

169

WenigerMüll. 1 0,1%

Sauerstoff 1 0,1%

Plastikreduzieren,Verkehreinschränken 1 0,1%

Sauberkeit,aufpassen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,bessereMülltrennung 1 0,1%

KeinenMüllwegschütten 1 0,1%

Diesel-Autos,Plastik 1 0,1%

Umwelt,Pflanzen,Tiere 1 0,1%

Bäume,Sauerstoff,Pflanzen,Umwelt 1 0,1%

DieZukunftsowohlvonmiraberauchvonmeinenKindernundCo.FürmichistderSchutzinallenRichtungenwichtig!!! 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,wennmöglichMülltrennenundkeinenMüllausdemAutofensterwerfen 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,Mülltrennung,Ökostrom 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,KurzstreckenzuFußgehen,Müllvermeidenusw... 1 0,1%

NichtsovielPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

Umweltverschmutzung,keinKrieg 1 0,1%

Plastik 1 0,1%

SchutzderTierarten,SchutzseltenerPflanzen 1 0,1%

SehrwichtigistmirdieErhaltungvonseltenenPflanzenundTieren. 1 0,1%

Plastikzumeiden 1 0,1%

Das der CO2 Gehalt in der Luft nicht drastisch weiter steigt. Das man den Tieren nicht ihrenLebensraumwegnimmt(Palmöl).DasmandurchdenAtom-undElektromüllnichtdieErdezerstörtundverstrahlt(nichtnurderMüll).

1 0,1%

weniger Plastikverpackungen, nicht so oft fliegen, mehr nationaler Tourismus (innerhalb vonÖsterreich) 1 0,1%

soschnellwiemöglicheineLösungzufinden 1 0,1%

170

CO2 Ausstoß verringern, mehr Bäume pflanzen, alternative Stromversorgung, weniger Plastikkaufen/verwenden 1 0,1%

Weniger Umweltverschmutzung, mehr regionale Produkte verwenden, klares-trinkbares Wasser,naturbelasseneWiesen 1 0,1%

Bedrohte Arten retten, Umweltverschmutzung meiden/entfernen, reine Luft, Wälder wiederherstellen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,Müllsammeln,ÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbenutzen 1 0,1%

Luft,Plastik,Naturschutz,ÖffentlicheVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

DaskeineTiereaussterben,Wassersparen,Stromsparen 1 0,1%

Bedrohten Tierarten helfen, so wenig wie möglich mit Müll die Erde beschmutzen z.B. Plastik,Pflanzen 1 0,1%

Plastikmüll vermeiden, Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel nutzen, keine Lebensmittel vor Ablaufwegschmeissen 1 0,1%

WenigerSchadstoffausstoß,ErhaltungderArtenvielfalt 1 0,1%

E-Autos,GenugPflanzen, 1 0,1%

MehrzuFußgehen 1 0,1%

KeinPlastik,nichtsooftfliegen 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik,mehrzuFußodermitdemFahrrad,mehrrecyceln 1 0,1%

VerschmutzungisteingroßerFehler,zuvieleAbgase-vermeiden,FairerHandel 1 0,1%

Weniger Autofahren - mehr zu Fuß/ mit dem Zug/ Öffentliche Verkehrsmittel, mehr regionaleProdukte,wenigerKunststoff,biologischabbaubareStoffe 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik,mehrmitdemRadfahrenoderzuFußgehen,wenigerWasserverbrauchen 1 0,1%

Es sollte jeder einzelne vielmehr auf die Umwelt schauen, gehen statt Autofahren, recyceln undwenigerPlastiksackerln 1 0,1%

Abgasevermeiden,Tiereachten,wenigMüllbeziehungsweisereduzieren 1 0,1%

nichtsovielmitdemAutofahren 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikproduzieren,Bäumenichtvernichten,wenigermitdemAutoodersonstigemfahren 1 0,1%

171

Nachhaltigkeitschätzen 1 0,1%

KeineUmweltverschmutzung,StromundWassersparen,wenigerPlastikmüll 1 0,1%

Ichdenkedaseswichtigist,dassjedereinzelnevonunsetwastut.ZumBeispielwenigerAutofahren,keinePlastiksackerl,richtigeMülltrennung 1 0,1%

KeinsterbenmehrderTiere,keinPlastikmehr,mehrumweltbewusstsein 1 0,1%

MüllnichtaufStraßeschmeissen,Fabrikweniger,recycling,Grundwassernichtbeschmutzen 1 0,1%

Wassersparen 1 0,1%

Nicht so viele Kindermachen (World Hunger), wenig Erdöl und Gas benutzen, Ökoverkehrsmittelmehrbenutzen 1 0,1%

DasdieAmerikanerwenigerverheimlichen,wenigerPlastikprodukte,wenigerangeln-schmecktehKeinem 1 0,1%

Sauberkeit,nichtsovielPlastik 1 0,1%

Ichweißnicht 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,Naturbehalten,wenigerWälderabholzen 1 0,1%

recyceln, Leitungswasser beim Zähneputzen ausschalten,Müll trennen, Tieren und Pflanzen nichtschaden,Bäumepflanzen 1 0,1%

keineAhnung 1 0,1%

WenneskeinenPlanetengibt,gibtesauchkeineMenschen inderWelt.Es istauchsehrwichtig,SchutzdesPlaneten. 1 0,1%

Natur,Tiere,Sauberkeit 1 0,1%

Bäumepflanzenundrecyceln 1 0,1%

Ichweißesnicht 1 0,1%

Überdashabeichnochniegedacht 1 0,1%

Bäumepflanzen,keineAutosbenützenwennmöglich 1 0,1%

KeinenMistaufdenBodenschmeissen,sondernihninMistkübelschmeissen 1 0,1%

Natur,Wasser,Tiere,Sonne,Mond 1 0,1%

172

Weniger Plastikprodukte kaufen, weniger mit der Strassenbahn fahren sondern Radfahrer, mehrPflanzen,einpflanzen,damitwirbesserenSauerstoffhaben 1 0,1%

DasmehrAutosmitElektromotorenfahrenstattmitBenzinmotorenunddasdieglobaleErwärmungnichtweiteransteigt 1 0,1%

Erdenichtverschmutzt 1 0,1%

Verkehrsmittel,Müllentsorgen 1 0,1%

NichtsovielAutofahren,Müllvermeiden 1 0,1%

Die Luft, es gibt viel Luftverschmutzung, das könnte bald zu einem Ozonloch führen.Müllverschmutzung,manwirftzuvielMüllundmanweißnichtmehrwohindamit.DeswegenwirftmanesinsMeer,alsooftunddasführtzurWasserverschmutzung.

1 0,1%

GuteLuft,vieleBäume,Pflanzen,wenigVerkehr,wenigFabriken 1 0,1%

DasmannichtMülleinfachaufdenBodenwirft 1 0,1%

DasmanseinenMüllmitnimmtundnichtaufdieStrasseschmeisst 1 0,1%

Sauberkeit,Umweltschutz 1 0,1%

WenigPlastik,wenigerMüll,wenigerVerkehr 1 0,1%

Erdöl,Verkehr,Plastik,Müll 1 0,1%

WenigerAbgase(Autos,Flugzeuge),Mülltrennen 1 0,1%

Verkehr,Plastik,Erdöl,Müll 1 0,1%

Keinen eigenen Müll liegen lassen, nicht unnötig etwas verschwenden, mehr von teurenBioproduktenleben,nichtsehrvieleAbgasevonVerkehrsmitteln 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,wenigerAbgase,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

Umweltschützen 1 0,1%

SolleinenTierschutzfürvieleTieregeben,wenigerMüllmachen 1 0,1%

KeinMüll imKlowegschmeissen,MedikamentediemannichtbrauchtzurApothekebringen,nichtsovielWasserverschwenden 1 0,1%

DieWeltsauberhalten,dieTieremögen,sehrfreundlichmitandereMenschenumgehen 1 0,1%

173

Müll,chemischeStoffe,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

MüllnurinMülltonnenwegwerfen,recycling 1 0,1%

DasmannichtseinenMüllhinterlässt,keinenMüllhinterlassen 1 0,1%

EsistsehrwichtigweilwennmanzumBeispieleinenStrandurlaubmachtundesverschmutztist,istesnichtsoschön. 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Umweltschutz,LebensraumderTiereundPflanzenbeschützen 1 0,1%

Umwelt,Tiere 1 0,1%

NichtvielPlastikverwenden,mehrRadfahrer,dieNaturmehrschätzen,wenigerWasserfürsinnloseZweckebenutzen 1 0,1%

KeinPlastikmehr,mehrmitdemRadfahren,nichtmitdemAuto 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastikundmehrPapier,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

DaswenigerAbgaseindieLuftkommenunddassPlastiknichtmehrdieWeltfasteinnimmt 1 0,1%

Sonnenenergie,Wasserenergie,wenigerPlastik,wenigerRauchen 1 0,1%

WenigerFleisch,Plastikreduzieren,wenigerEssenwegschmeissen,ElektronikerfindenfürwenigerAbgase(Auto) 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik,mehrBioprodukte 1 0,1%

DasmeineKinder auchnoch soeinen schönenPlanetenhabenwie ich jetzt (Genau so vieleodermehrBäumeundNaturundTierarten). 1 0,1%

DasunsereweitereGenerationoderKinderdiespätermalerwachsensind,auchganznormallebenkönnen,ohneProblemewieKlimawandelusw 1 0,1%

Plastikmüllentfernen,nichtsovielfliegen,Autofahrenusw,recyceln 1 0,1%

Schutz,wenigerPlastik,Mülltrennen 1 0,1%

Freundlicher,bewusstersein.Kein,wenigerPlastik,mehrGrünflächen,recyceln. 1 0,1%

KeinenMüllirgendwowegwerfen 1 0,1%

Klimawandel,Umweltverschmutzungvermeiden 1 0,1%

DaseskeineKriegemehrgibt 1 0,1%

174

WenigerPlastikverpackungen,MüllnichtaufdenBodenwerfen,bewussteinkaufen 1 0,1%

Umwelt-recycling 1 0,1%

Recyceln,keinePlastiktaschen,keinePlastikverschwendung 1 0,1%

MansollaufdieUmweltschauenundnichtallesaufdenBodenwerfen 1 0,1%

Darübernachdenken,wasichwirklichbraucheundbeiallemanderenüberlegen,obessichauszahlt.Alsoabwägen,wasdasfürSchädenmacht. 1 0,1%

MüllindenMistkübel,vonBücher&HefteaufLaptop/Tablets 1 0,1%

SchnellundeffektivMaßnahmensetzen.Politiksollsichendlicheinschalten.ZivileBevölkerungmussunterstützenstaatliche,inderFreiheitvonBürgerInneneingreifendeMaßnahmensindbiszueinemgewissen Grad gerechtfertigt und wünschenswert. Siehe zum Beispiel Wasserbeschränkung/HaushaltinKapstadt

1 0,1%

Klimawandelbekämpfen,BewusstseinfürbestehendeProblemesowieihreUrsachenschaffen 1 0,1%

Sanfter Tourismus, Umweltverschmutzung verringern, mehr auf die Vielfalt unserer Tiere achten,Plastikvermeiden,Überraschungverhindern,ArtgerechteTierhaltung 1 0,1%

Stoffsaukerlmitnehmen,generellkeinPlastik,wenigFleischundlokaleinkaufen(ausÖsterreich) 1 0,1%

Co2 Ausstoß reduzieren, Erneuerbare Energie verwenden, Konsum (Überkonsum) der 1. Welteinschränken/vermindern 1 0,1%

RegionaleLebensmittel,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,Klimaschutz,recyceln,bedrohteTierartenschützen,etc. 1 0,1%

wenigerCo2Ausstoß,wenigerUmweltschmutz,VermeidungderZerstörungderNatur,mehrgrünundwenigerBeton 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Bewussteinkaufengehen(nichtzuviel) 1 0,1%

ankommendeGenerationendenken,guteUmweltvorfinden 1 0,1%

lokaleLebensmittel,Nachhaltigkeit 1 0,1%

VeganesEssen,LessWaste(vorallemPlastik),NoFastFashion,KeinAutooderwennmöglichkeinFlugzeug(Zug!),KeinPalmöl 1 0,1%

DasdenMenschenunsereSituationbewusstwird,wenigerAutos,Rohstoffenachhaltigverwenden 1 0,1%

Wassersparen,sovielNahrungeinkaufenwiemanauchverzehrenkann 1 0,1%

175

Mülltrennung,Sparsamumgehen 1 0,1%

Abgase,Ozon,ÖkologischerFußabdruck,Industrialisierung 1 0,1%

Ozonlöcher,CO2-Abgase,Konsumgesellschaften,Industrialisierung,ÖkologischerFußabdruck 1 0,1%

DasProblemmitPlastikindenOzeanenzubeseitigen,NeueTransportfahrzeuge 1 0,1%

Erhaltung der natürlichen Rohstoffe, Lebensräume, keine Verschmutzung (zumindest in Grenzengehalten) 1 0,1%

Erderwärmungminimieren,Naturbewahren 1 0,1%

MaßnahmengegendenKlimawandel,SchutzfüraussterbendeTiere,keinPlastikimMeer 1 0,1%

HöchstmöglicheVermeidungvonPlastikmüll,faireProduktkaufen,wenigmitdemAutofahren 1 0,1%

NachhaltigeEnergie,wenigerPlastikmüll,nichtverschwenden,WasserundLichtsparen 1 0,1%

Plastikverbrauchreduzieren,StromauserneuerbarerEnergie,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

BewussterhandelnundsichmitDingenauseinandersetzen,EigenesundWohlergehenanderer 1 0,1%

Recyceln,keinPlastik-zumindestvermeiden,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

wenigPlastikmüll,Flügereduzieren,wenigermitdemAutounterwegssein 1 0,1%

Plastikfrei,Flügereduzieren(Anbieter) 1 0,1%

wenigverschwenden 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Fleischkonsumeinschränken,mehröffentlichfahren 1 0,1%

Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen (weniger mit dem Auto fahren), Reduktion des Plastikverbrauchs,Mülltrennung,wenigerFleischkonsum 1 0,1%

Müllentsorgung,Abholzungverringern,nichtdieStädtisierungfördern,wenigerMassentierhaltung 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz steht in Verbindung mit dem Klimawandel, Ökologisches umdenken von jedemeinzelnen,egalinwelchenBereichen(Verkehr,Ernährung) 1 0,1%

wenigerAutos,Klimawandelstoppen,wenigerVerschwendung,fairerLohnfüralle 1 0,1%

umdenken soll stattfinden, keine fossilen Energieträger, Ganzjahrestourismus, Erhaltung desÖkosystems,Schadstoffemissionenreduzieren 1 0,1%

keinPlastik,umweltfreundlicheAutos,SchutzderTiere 1 0,1%

176

Müllreduktion(speziellPlastikmüll),ReduktiondesCO2Ausstoßes,mehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbzw.bessereAnbindungen 1 0,1%

Dasman Bäume nicht abholzt im besonderen den Regenwald, dasmanWälder schützt, dasmanvielleichtmehrauföffentlicheVerkehrsmittelzurückgreiftundsomitdenPlanetennichtbeschmutzt 1 0,1%

Plastikmüllreduzieren,AbholzungvonWäldernverhindern,wenigerAbgaseproduzieren 1 0,1%

erneuerbare Energie, Abgase verringern - Mobilität durch Auto/Flugzeug verringern,Naturschutzgebieteerhalten,respektvollerUmgang,mehrAufklärung 1 0,1%

Plastikmüll vermeiden, lokal und saisonal essen, Wasserverschwendung reduzieren, unnötigeElektrizität,Verbrauchreduzieren,wenigerheizen,Politiksolltemehreingreifen 1 0,1%

mehrUmweltbewusstsein(wenigerMüll,saubererStrom,nachhaltigesReisen) 1 0,1%

wenigermit demAuto fahren, lokales Essen kaufen, Energiesparen, Licht abdrehen,Wasser nichtlaufenlassen 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllproduzieren(VermeidungvonPlastik),AlternativeEnergiequellen,gegenAtomstrom,AusbauvonöffentlichenTransportmitteln,neueTechnologien 1 0,1%

richtigeMüllentsorgung,weniger/keinPlastik,wenigerAbgase,Tierschutz,Kulturschutz,RespektvorderNatur,verminderndesKonsums 1 0,1%

seinenMüllnichtliegenzulassen,DasAutostehenlassen 1 0,1%

Plastikreduzieren,recyceln 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung, den Gebrauch von Plastik reduzieren, Abholzung des Regenwaldes stoppen,VerringerungderLuftverschmutzung 1 0,1%

sowenigwiemöglichmit dem Auto fahren, öffentliche Verkehrsmittel verwenden, Rohdung vonWäldernvermindern 1 0,1%

Ressourcenschonung,Verkehrsmittel,Auswahl/Menge/QualitätderProdukte,Nachhaltigkeit 1 0,1%

Umwelt,Solarzellen,Elektromobilität 1 0,1%

Klimawandel istdasProblem/Ursachenerkennen,WassersparenundwenigerCO2ausstoßen,aufTiereachten 1 0,1%

erneuerbareEnergie,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,umweltschonendeleben,wenigerwegwerfen 1 0,1%

keinMüllimMeer/derNatur,Artenvielfalterhalten,Tiereschützen,Energiesparmaßnahmen 1 0,1%

177

wenigerPlastik,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,keinMüllinderNatur 1 0,1%

nachhaltigeshandelnvonderIndustriebranche,umstiegauferneuerbareEnergie 1 0,1%

den Klimawandel aufhalten, Erneuerbare Energien zu 100% nutzen, um von atomarer Energieabsehenzukönnen 1 0,1%

alternativerStrom(erneuerbareEnergie),Umweltschutz 1 0,1%

Klimawandelstoppen,soferndiesmöglichist,LebensräumevonTierenbewahren 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,mehrEnergiedurchWasserz.B.,wenigerMüllindieNatur 1 0,1%

Recycling, sprintsparendmit dem Auto fahren, Bio-Produkte kaufen, Vegetarische Ernährung bzwwenigFleischkonsumieren,Elektroauto,PapierstattPlastik 1 0,1%

vermeidenvonPlastik(Strohhalm,Einwegsackerl)recyceln,Nachhaltigeinkaufenundkochen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigerFleischessen,Tierartenschützen 1 0,1%

Natur,Tiere,wenigerPlastik,wenigerFleischessen 1 0,1%

KeinenMülleinfachnuraufdieStraßewerfen! 1 0,1%

Klimaschutz 1 0,1%

wennmöglichmitdemZugverreisen,Minimalistischreisen,pflanzlicheErnährung/Angebote 1 0,1%

VerzichtauftierischeProdukte,VerzichtaufPlastik,wenigerfliegen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Stromverbrauchmindern,wenigerFleischkonsumieren 1 0,1%

Reduzierung vonPlastik,Alternativen fürBenzinundDiesel finden (WasserstoffbetriebeneAutos),Müllallgemeinreduzieren 1 0,1%

Treibhausgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

DasauchdernächstenGenerationallejetzigenRessourcenzurVerfügungstehen.undauch,dassdieNaturbestehenbleibt. 1 0,1%

SchützenvonKorallenriffen,WiederverwendbareVerpackungen/Flaschen 1 0,1%

MüllvorallemPlastikvermindern,Umweltverschmutzung,Tierschutzorganisationen,TreibhausgaseundEmissionenvermindern 1 0,1%

recycling,Umweltverschmutzungsenken,Grünflächenerhalten 1 0,1%

178

Ressourcenschonen,Nachhaltigleben,BewusstseinüberdieProbleme,Fleischverzehrreduzieren 1 0,1%

guteZukunftfürmeineKinder 1 0,1%

Klimawandelaufhalten,Stromsparen,wenigerAutofahren 1 0,1%

recyceln,RessourcenschonenfürdieNachkommen 1 0,1%

wenigerReisen,wenigerPlastik,wenigerunnötigeSachendieichnichtbrauche 1 0,1%

MüllindenMülleimer,Fahrgemeinschaftenbilden 1 0,1%

gegen Klimawandel ankämpfen, mehr Pflanzen und Bäume anbauen, öffentliche Verkehrsmittelnutzen,ökologischenFußabdruckachten 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeidenbzw.Meeresäubern,Abgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,Müllordentlichentsorgen,Umweltverschmutzungenmeiden 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,mitöffentlichenVerkehrsmittelnfahren,lokaleProduktebevorzugen,Tierschutz,Bio-Produkte,wenigerFleischkonsum 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

nachhaltigStromerzeugen,Treibhausgasesenken 1 0,1%

Naturachten,wenigPlastik,wiederverwerten 1 0,1%

DasmandieNaturaufrechthaltet,dasmannichtmehrsovielFleisch isst,dasmannicht sovieleverpackteSachenkaufensoll,dasmandieTierenichtsoquält. 1 0,1%

mehr recyceln, weniger Strom verwenden, weniger mit dem Auto/Bus/Zug fahren, mehr Energiesparen 1 0,1%

Daswirmehrrecyceln 1 0,1%

wenigerMüll,wenigerrauchen 1 0,1%

DasweiterhinLebenentstehtundwirlebenkönnenwiewirwollen 1 0,1%

Daswirlebenundauchsolebenkönnenwiewirwollen 1 0,1%

Weißichnicht 1 0,1%

MüllimWasser,Verstrahlung,Abgase 1 0,1%

DasMüllnichtimMeerweggeschmissenwird,dasnichtsozuvielDampfgibt,dasmansichsauber1 0,1%

179

haltet,wennmankrankist,dasmanMedikamentenimmt,damitmandieanderennichtansteckt

NichtzuvielPlastikgeschmissenwird,TiereundMenschenundBäume(Natur)schützen 1 0,1%

AufWasser,Tiere,nichtEssenwegschmeissen,aufMeerbeachtennichtzuvielPlastikscheissen 1 0,1%

Meeresschutz 1 0,1%

Bäumepflanzen,Müllsammeln 1 0,1%

DasmanwiralsLeutealledabeisindundhelfen 1 0,1%

KeinMülleinfachaufdenBodenwerfen,öfterszuFußgehenstatteinVerkehrsmittelzunehmen. 1 0,1%

Plastikmüll abschaffen, Rodungen von Urwäldern stoppen, große Tierhaltungen schließen, ElektroAutos,Busse,etc.fahren 1 0,1%

ZuwissenwaswirklichnötigistundwasnichtundAlternativemfürGegenständewiePlastikflaschenzubenutzen 1 0,1%

WenigerschädlicheStoffe,mehrPflanzen,keinebzw.wenigerBäumefällen 1 0,1%

DieUmweltschützen,wenigerAtomkraftwerkeusw.KeinKriegmehr 1 0,1%

Umwelt,Recycling 1 0,1%

KeinenMüllhinterlassen,recyceln 1 0,1%

DasProblemmitFlugzeugenundBootenlösen.HiersindvielzuvielSchadstoffedrin 1 0,1%

Das man in der Zukunft schnell und umweltfreundlich Reisen kann und das die Strände nichtverschmutztsind 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,wenigerAutosverwenden,MehrzuFußodermitdemRadfahren 1 0,1%

AbschaffungvonBenzin,Umwelt 1 0,1%

wenigerBäumefällen,wenigerAbgase,wenigerEnergieverbrauchen 1 0,1%

wenigerBenzin,keinenPlastikmehr,keinRauchen,Mülltonnenbenutzen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung ist sehrwichtig.Weniger Bäume fällen.Müll nicht einfach nebendieAutobahn ausdemFensterwerfenundmehrmitdemFahrradalswiemitdemAutofahren.OdermitöffentlichenVerkehrsmittelnfahren.

1 0,1%

wenigerBäumefällen,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

180

CO2Verbrauch,Elektroautos,ErnstnahmedesThemas,Recycling 1 0,1%

wenigerBenzinautos,mehrElektroautos 1 0,1%

Mülltonnebenutzen,Mülltrennen,WenigerBäumefällen,wenigerBenzinautos 1 0,1%

Klimaschutz,wenigerAutos,mehrRadfahrer,Mülltrennen,wenigerBäumefällen 1 0,1%

WirsolltendieUmweltschützen.NichtsovieleAbgasevonsichgebenundwenigerAutofahren. 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,bedrohteTierartenretten,wenigerCO2,nichtmitAuto/Flugzeugreisen 1 0,1%

KeineAhnung 1 0,1%

nicht so viel Benzin zu verlieren (Auto),mehr Elektroautos,Menschen sollten umweltfreundlicherwerden 1 0,1%

Umwelt,Chemie,Abgaseabschaffen 1 0,1%

WenigerMüllmachenbzw.wegschmeissen.MehrmitdemFahrradoderzuFußgehen/fahren.MehrPflanzenpflanzenalswiezerstören.WenigerTiereumbringen. 1 0,1%

Plastik sortieren,möglichst viele Abgase vermeiden, einzusetzen, das nicht so viele Bäume gefälltwerden 1 0,1%

wenigergiftigeGase 1 0,1%

UmweltschutzundRecycling 1 0,1%

DasinmöglichstfastjederEckeeineMülltonnestehtdamitanderewissenwoderMüllhingehört 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,wenigerPlastikverpackungennutzen,Müllvermeiden (ZeroWaste),Energiesparen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen 1 0,1%

Recycling,Mülltrennung,Energiesparen 1 0,1%

Artenvielfalterhalten,Mülltrennung,Energiesparen 1 0,1%

Energiesparen,Tiereschützen 1 0,1%

NachhaltigesentsorgenvonMüll,wenigerEmissionendurchöffentlicheTransportmittel (voralleminurbanenGebieten) 1 0,1%

Emissionen reduzieren, bewusster Konsum von Lebensmitteln, nachhaltige Produkte fördern,VerschmutzungderWeltmeerestoppen 1 0,1%

Ressourcenvernünftigereinsetzen 1 0,1%

181

keinebzw.Umweltverschmutzungvermeiden,Naturschutzgebieteerschaffen 1 0,1%

Sachen,diedieUmweltzerstörenverbietenbzw.durchumweltfreundlicheersetzen 1 0,1%

Plastik-Verbot,Fahrgemeinschaften,ErneuerbareEnergie 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

Plastikmüll vor allem an Stränden vermeiden, Planetmuss für zukünftigeGenerationen und Tiereerhaltenbleiben 1 0,1%

keineUmweltverschmutzung,Naturschutzgebieteakzeptieren(nichtmutwilligzerstören) 1 0,1%

sollteLebennichteinschränkenfürdieNachfahrenundKinder 1 0,1%

eigentlichistmirderPlanetrechtegal 1 0,1%

KlimawandelallenMenschenbewusstmachen,Recycling,SchutzbedrohterTierarten 1 0,1%

VerhindernvonAussterbenvonTierarten,wenigerLuftverschmutzung,wenigerPlastik 1 0,1%

weniger CO2 Abgase, Recyceln, weniger Plastik oder Einwegverpackungen, Kein Ausrotten derWälderundTierarten 1 0,1%

VermeidungvonüberflüssigerVerpackungbeiLebensmitteln 1 0,1%

EinheitlichegesetztfürdenUmweltschutz,wenigAutofahren,Mülltrennen 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgase,Recycling,globalwarming,alternativeEnergien 1 0,1%

Recycling,alternativeStromgewinnung,Abgaseverringern,wenigerunnötigeSachenproduzieren 1 0,1%

Natursowenigwiemöglichbelasten 1 0,1%

BewusstseininderBevölkerungschaffen! 1 0,1%

wenigerAutofahren,Müll-vorallemPlastikmüll-vermeiden,aufAlternativstromzurückgreifenundErdgasundÖlvermeiden 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,wenigMüllhinterlassen 1 0,1%

ReduzierungvonEmissionen,inBezugaufdenweltweitenHandel,weildiegroßenFrachterextremvielschädlichEmissionenausstoßen 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz,wenigerPlastik,CO2Verbrauchverringern 1 0,1%

ErneuerbareEnergie(AusnahmevonBiomasse)(umweltschädlich),Nachhaltigkeit 1 0,1%

182

AussterbenderTiereverhindern,Naturschützen,Regenwaldschützen 1 0,1%

VerwendungvonerneuerbarenEnergiequellen,NaturräumevonTierenschützen 1 0,1%

umweltbewusstsein,nichtDreckhinterlassen 1 0,1%

VerringerungderPlastiknutzung,EntsorgungvonMüllindenOzeanen 1 0,1%

Tieresollengeschütztwerden,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

DasmannichtMüllausdemAutoschmeissensoll,das jederseineneigenenMistordnungsgemäßwegwirft 1 0,1%

Daswennjederumweltfreundlicherlebtderplanetlängerschönbleibt 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen 1 0,1%

Vermeidung von unnötigem Müll (Zigarettenstummel), Mülltrennung, Nutzung von alternativerEnergie,VermeidungvonEnergieverschwendung(Klimaanlage) 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Abgasereduzieren,StromdurchWindräderbzw.Wasserkraftwerke,Planetsollnochlangeexistieren 1 0,1%

Recycling, richtige Mülltrennung, wenn Bäume gefällt werden, dass genauso viele wiederangepflanztwerden,wenigPlastikmüllerzeugen 1 0,1%

UmweltnichtmitMüllverschmutzen,beimTourismusnichtdieUmweltzerstören 1 0,1%

billigerePreisefüröffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Glasflaschenverwenden 1 0,1%

Plastik vermeiden, Fahrgemeinschaften bilden, Mülltrennung, öfters öffentliche Verkehrsmittelbenutzen 1 0,1%

VerminderungvonPlastikmüll,soweitesgehtaufAutoverzichten,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllzuproduzieren 1 0,1%

KeineUmweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

"grünerStrom",VerringerungderCo2Werte(Transport),VerringerungdesWassertransport,SchutzfürTiere 1 0,1%

Recycling/Upcycling, Verringerung des CO2 Ausstoß, Lebensräume der Tiere nicht zerstören,Weiterentwicklung:umweltfreundlicheEnergie 1 0,1%

wenigerMenschen-Lösung,Plastik 1 0,1%

183

Das man endlich das Plastik reduziert, und zum einkaufen Taschen verwendet die man immerbenutzenkannoderdasmanstattnormalenPlastikZahnbürstenBambusZahnbürstenverwendet.EssinddiekleinstenDingediedieWeltverändern.

1 0,1%

KeinenMüllwegschmeißen,darübernachdenken 1 0,1%

AbgasVermeidung,wenigerPlastik,Ozonräumung,VerhinderungderAbholzungdesUrwaldes 1 0,1%

Sonneistsehrweitwegundsehrheiß,Erdedrehtsichum 1 0,1%

DasLeuteihreSachenwegwerfenundnichtaufdenBodenwerfen 1 0,1%

wenigerMüll,dieNaturschützen 1 0,1%

Geringere Benutzung von Autos, Mülltrennung und Projekte um den Ozean zu reinigen, dieVerhinderungconderAbholungdesUrwaldes 1 0,1%

wenigerWasserverbrauch,GlobaleErderwärmung,Stromverbrauch,Bäume=Umwelt 1 0,1%

Tiere 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,mehrMistkübel 1 0,1%

Umweltfreundlichleben 1 0,1%

Amwichtigstenfürmichistes,Gegenständezurecyceln 1 0,1%

wenigPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,keineUmweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Müllsortieren 1 0,1%

Das weniger Plastik produziert wird und das wir Menschen mehr Rücksicht auf den Planetennehmen. 1 0,1%

AufdieUmweltachten 1 0,1%

DaswirwenigerBäumezerstörensollen 1 0,1%

DieLuft,Pflanzenbeschützen,Bienennichtaussterben,Ozonschicht 1 0,1%

nichts 1 0,1%

KeineBäumeabholzen,KeinPlastikverschwenden 1 0,1%

guteLuft,saubererBoden 1 0,1%

184

Keine Bäume abholzen, nicht so viel Plastik verschwenden, Tieren helfen, keine Nahrungverschwenden 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,nichtsoverschwenderischleben 1 0,1%

Ich finde,dassdieErdevielzuvielverschmutzt ist.WegenderErderwärmungsterbenKorallenaboderTierefressenPlastik,weilsiedenkeneswäreFutter.MeinerMeinungnachganzschlimm!! 1 0,1%

Naturschützen,Regenwald 1 0,1%

NichtmehrsovielPlastikproduzieren 1 0,1%

KeinenMüllinsWasserwerfen 1 0,1%

DenLeutenaufdenanderenKontinenten(Afrika)endlicherklärenundinformierendassienichtsovielMüllindasMeerwerfensollen 1 0,1%

nichtsovielPlastik 1 0,1%

Plastiknichtsovielverwenden,Wassersparen,nichtTieretöten 1 0,1%

Müllrecyceln,Tierebeschützt,Verkehrsmittelverwenden 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgase,nichtdenganzenRegenwaldabholzen 1 0,1%

NichtsovieleAbgasezuverursachenunddasMeernichtverschmutzen 1 0,1%

Ozonloch 1 0,1%

DiePflanzen,dieLuft,dasMeerunddasder"Glashauseffekt"gestopptwerdenmuss 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgase,mehrNatur,wenigerMüll 1 0,1%

NichtsovieleAbgase 1 0,1%

MistnichtaufdenBoden 1 0,1%

DasOzonloch 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

Dasichüberlebe. 1 0,1%

DaskeinerseinenMistaufdenBodenwerfensoll 1 0,1%

Ökostrom,Solarenergie,ErneuerbareEnergie 1 0,1%

185

Mir ist sehrwichtig das derWald gerettetwird undmehr Bäume gepflanztwerden. Keine Autosmehr 1 0,1%

MehrmitöffentlichenVerkehrsmittelnfahren(nichtmitdemAuto) 1 0,1%

WenigerVerkehrundTierquälereienusw. 1 0,1%

K.A. 1 0,1%

KeinPlastiksackerloderPlastikgenerell 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,wenigePflanzentöten 1 0,1%

KeineWaffenaußerPolizei 1 0,1%

Umweltverschmutzung! 1 0,1%

Nichts 1 0,1%

DasmeineFamiliezusammenbleibt 1 0,1%

Leben 1 0,1%

wenigerCO2 1 0,1%

DieweiterenJahre,GesundheitderMenschen,dasWohlfühlen 1 0,1%

KeineAhnungBruder 1 0,1%

Klima,Pflanzen,SauerstoffundWasser,Nahrungusw. 1 0,1%

? 1 0,1%

wenigerAutofahren,wenigerAlkohol 1 0,1%

wenigerAutofahren,nichtzuvielRauchen 1 0,1%

DieUmweltistwichtig 1 0,1%

DasmanaufdieUmweltachtet,aberestrotzdemSpaßmacht 1 0,1%

Umweltistwichtig 1 0,1%

PlastiknichtaufdenBodenwerfen,recyceln 1 0,1%

saubereLuftusw. 1 0,1%

186

Strom,Wasser und Gas sparen, vielmit dem Rad unterwegs, gehemit einem Freund oft Laufen,benützebeimHin-undRückwegzurSchuledieöffentlichenVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

GlobaleErderwärmung,DuschennichtBaden,Müllaufheben 1 0,1%

NichtzuvielmitdemAutofahren,recyceln 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz,keinKrieg 1 0,1%

keinSchmutz 1 0,1%

NichtsovieleBäumeabhacken,undwenigerCO2produzieren 1 0,1%

DasesbeiunskeinenKrieggebensoll 1 0,1%

DasmankeinenKriegführensollte 1 0,1%

Mars 1 0,1%

Müllentsorgung richtig einteilen, sparsammit Verkehrsmitteln fahren, wenig Strom verbrauchen,selbereinfachumweltfreundlichsein 1 0,1%

Das zum Beispiel die Palmöl Herstellungwieder sinkt und die Tiere z.B. Orang-UtanwiedermehrLebensraumhaben.DieZukunftsogrünwiemöglichzumachen. 1 0,1%

Kriegeverhindern 1 0,1%

DasbeiunskeinKriegist 1 0,1%

Hygienischsein 1 0,1%

Plastikreduzieren,keinPalmölproduzieren 1 0,1%

NichtsovielMüll 1 0,1%

DasmandieAutoindustrieanpassensollte 1 0,1%

AlleLeutewissenlassen 1 0,1%

DasÖsterreichverschontbleibt,dasesnichtzukaltwird 1 0,1%

SchutzderWälderunddemzuHausederTiere,StoppungvonCO2AusstoßenunddemSchmelzendesEisesinderAntarktis 1 0,1%

Weniger Plastik, Pflanzen diemehr Sauerstoff produzieren, den Tieren keine Hormone zufüttern,Bioanbau 1 0,1%

187

DieTiere,Pflanzen 1 0,1%

WenigerPlastik,wenigerAutofahren 1 0,1%

NichtsovielPlastik,wenigerFlugzeugfliegen 1 0,1%

Umweltbewusstleben,Mülltrennen,Bäumeanpflanzen,MüllnichtaufdenBodenschmeißen 1 0,1%

NichtsovieleBäumeabholzen 1 0,1%

wenigerSchmutzproduzieren 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,Mülltrennen,wenigerFlugzeuge 1 0,1%

Baum,Tiere,Rose,Berge,Kräuter,Blätter,Papier 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikherstellen 1 0,1%

Plastik,Müll 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,bewusstereinkaufen,Mülltrennung,Solarenergie 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen 1 0,1%

genugPflanzen 1 0,1%

MiristwichtigdasdieMenschennichtsoschmutzigsind. 1 0,1%

DieTiereundMenschensollensichwohlfühleninderUmgebung 1 0,1%

alles,Stromsparen,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikproduzieren 1 0,1%

NichtmehrdenAmazonasfällen 1 0,1%

keineAbgase,Plastikvermeiden,Solarenergie 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,zuFußgehen,recyceln 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikproduzieren,mehrRecyclingflaschen 1 0,1%

Plastikverbietenundstattdessenverpackungenentwickelndiemitdembiomüllverrotten 1 0,1%

Umweltgase,Müll,PlastikimMeer 1 0,1%

188

KeinMüllaufdenBodenwerfen 1 0,1%

Plastikgutentsorgen. 1 0,1%

Müll,umweltgase 1 0,1%

EAutosmitumweltfreundlicherenergie 1 0,1%

DasEisnitschmelzensoll 1 0,1%

wenigflaschewerfeundinmüllwerfe 1 0,1%

wenigerkriek 1 0,1%

Fòțòśűńďèśè 1 0,1%

DerKlimawandel 1 0,1%

Tiere,Wasser,Atmosphäre,Erderwärmung(Gletscherschmelzen,...) 1 0,1%

WenigerMüll(Plastik),wenigerCO2Emissionen 1 0,1%

Recyceln, keinMüll indenSeewerfen, gesundessen,mehrbewegen,nicht so vieleBäume fällenoderTierefürKleidungumbringen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigerAutos,Müllrichtigentsorgen,sichüberdasThemainformieren 1 0,1%

nicht zu viel Veränderung, esmussmöglich bleiben weiterhin unsere Kultur ausüben zu können,Plastikstarkreduzieren,AbholzungderWälderstoppen 1 0,1%

Artenvielfalterhalten,Plastikreduzieren,CO2Emissionenreduzieren 1 0,1%

Fleischindustrie,Plastik,FastFashion-nichtsomega 1 0,1%

ökologischesReisen(ZugundFahrrad)auchimAlltag,keineUmweltverschmutzung,Mülltrennung,keinFleisch,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,Müll,Plastik,Autos 1 0,1%

ErneuerbareEnergie,Mülltrennung/gerechteEntsorgung,Abgasevermeiden 1 0,1%

wenigAbgase,recyceln,aufUmgebungachten 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikverbrauch,mehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,keinenMüllaufderStraßeliegenlassen 1 0,1%

nahezuVermeidungvonFleisch, regionalundsaisonaleinkaufenundessen,ReduktionvonCO2&1 0,1%

189

Methan(wenigeFlugreisen,kurze,unnötigeAutostreckenvermeiden),Mülltrennung

keineAbholzungdesRegenwaldes,AlternativenzuErdölsuchen,umweltfreundlichReisen-vielzuFußgehen,Wassersparen,Plastikvermeiden,gemeinsamengagierenundPolitikerüberzeugen 1 0,1%

CO2 - Emissionen von Autos reduzieren, Plastikverbrauch reduzieren, erneuerbare Energien,Mülltrennung,nachhaltigundfairproduzieren,Umweltaktivschützen,Naturparks 1 0,1%

DasmanseinenMüllimmerentsorgensollteundnichteinfachaufdenBodenschmeißen 1 0,1%

keinPlastik 1 0,1%

Müllvermeiden(Plastik)!!!öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen 1 0,1%

CO2EmissionendurchAutosvermeiden.WasserverschmutzungdurchindustriellechemischeAbfälleminimieren.AufklärungvonjungenSchülern/generellenGesellschaftüberdieGefahrendieunseremPlaneteninZukunftdrohen

1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,saubereEnergie,Naturkosmetik/Naturprodukte 1 0,1%

Plastikkonsumvermeiden,Recycling,MüllentsprechendEntsorgung,CO2-Emissionenreduzieren 1 0,1%

Recycling,Bio-Produkte,ökologischerStrom,Regenwald,Natur,ArtenvielfaltundElektroautos,Mülltrennen 1 0,1%

Regenwald erhalten, Müllverseuchung des Ozeans bekämpfen, Treibhausgaseffektenentgegenwirken,GlobalerErwärmungentgegenwirken 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit, lokale Produkte benutzen/kaufen, recyceln, Plastik Benutzung verringern, QualitätstattQuantität 1 0,1%

Bewusstwerden,dasswirihmSchadenzufügen,Busfahren,Mülltrennen(recyceln) 1 0,1%

wenigerLuftverschmutzung,Regenwaldschützen,keinAbfallinMeeren 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Emissionenverringern,Abformungverhindern 1 0,1%

Recycling,Wassersparen,mehrmitÖffisfahrenalsmitAutos 1 0,1%

Treibhauseffekteinbremsen,AbholzungdesRegenwaldesstoppen/einschränken 1 0,1%

Treibhauseffekt,Regenwald-Abholzungverringern,Abgaseverringern 1 0,1%

Luftbelastungsenken,Ressourcensparen,Plastikvermeiden,WaldundNatursobelassenwiesieist 1 0,1%

Recycling,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

sowenigwiemöglichmitdemAuto, FlugzeugoderSchiff fahren/verreisen, keinAtomstrom,Müll1 0,1%

190

trennen,nichtallesimÜberschussproduzieren,lokaleProduktekaufen

ReduktionvonTreibhausgasenundMüll,VerschmutzungvonNaturgebietenvorbeugen 1 0,1%

DasTrumpunddieserNordkoreaDiktatorsichnichtbekriegenmitAtomwaffen 1 0,1%

Umweltverschmutzung,Klimawandel 1 0,1%

Erderwärmungsenken,Plastikvermindern 1 0,1%

Tier- und Pflanzenarten erhalten, Naturwunder erhalten (z.B. Riffe), Verhinderung vonNaturkatastrophendurchz.B.Klimaerwärmung 1 0,1%

ReduktiondesPlastikmülls,ReduktionderCO2Emissionen/Treibhausgase,Recycling 1 0,1%

MeineZukunft 1 0,1%

Klimawandel, Plastik-Vermüllung zu reduzieren, keine Abholzung/Abrodung von Regenwäldern,keineTiere/TierartensolltenaussterbenaufgrundmenschlichenVerhaltens 1 0,1%

keineUmweltverschmutzung,BekämpfungderErderwärmung,SchutzderNatur 1 0,1%

DieMeeremüssengesäubertwerdenundTierartenbeschützen 1 0,1%

Klimawandelaufhalten,erneuerbareEnergie 1 0,1%

öffentliche Fortbewegung und Verkehrsmittel, Vegetarische Ernährung, Erneuerbare Energien,Sport,Bildung,öffentlicheMeinungsbildungundDemokratie,Kapitalismus,Klimawandelstoppen 1 0,1%

Plastikmüllvermeiden 1 0,1%

WenigFlächenverdauung,Kreuzfahrten(Schweröl)vermindern,PlastikinHotelsvermindern 1 0,1%

wenigerCo2Ausstoß,mehröffentlicheVerkehrsanbindungen,wenigerPlastikbeiNahrungsmitteln 1 0,1%

Treibhausgaseverringern,Schadstoffausstoßunterlassen,Mülltrennen,Gewässersauberhalten 1 0,1%

Ichdenkenichtvieldarübernach,dameinerMeinungnachwoandersangefangenwerdensoll.Bsp.:AbgasevongroßenKonzernen(Vöst) 1 0,1%

Recycling,zuFußstattAuto(wennmöglich),aufPlastikverzichten,Bäumepflanzen 1 0,1%

CO2reduzieren,Plastikverbrauchsenken,Tier-undPflanzenartenerhalten 1 0,1%

mehrmitderBahnfahren,anderenLeutenbewusstermachen,dassesunserenPlanetennureinmalgibt 1 0,1%

191

Regionalist und Saisonalität vor allem bei Lebensmitteln, Minimierung Abgasausstoß, generellnachhaltigwirtschaften 1 0,1%

wenigerMüll,Plastik 1 0,1%

DasgenügendWasser,Platz,RaumzurVerfügungsteht,daskeineTiereaussterben,frische,gesundeLuftzumAtmen 1 0,1%

DasmeineKinderauchmitdengutenStandardslebenkönnensowieichjetzt 1 0,1%

ZukunftfürspätereGeneration,Erderwärmungstoppen 1 0,1%

geringerer CO2 Ausstoß, da es etwas ist, wo alle zusammen helfen können, wenigerFlächenverbrauch,Öffisbenutzen 1 0,1%

Energiesparen,Wassersparen,CO2Verminderung 1 0,1%

Müllreduzieren,Abgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

Sehr wenig fliegen, Politische Aktionen, Sanktionen und Förderungen, Weltweite Aufklärung undZusammenarbeit(DonaldundXibrauchenNachhilfe) 1 0,1%

regionalund saisonaleinkaufen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen, sparsamer Lebensstil,Umwelt-undTierschutz 1 0,1%

öffentliches Verkehrsnetz ausbauen, Lebensmittelverschwedung minimieren,Wasserverschwendungminimieren,ökologischeProduktionvonLebensmittel,erneuerbareEnergiefördern

1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden(WeltmeereundNaturerhalten),Energieumweltfreundlichgewinnen 1 0,1%

auf Kurzflüge/Urlaube eher verzichten, regionale und saisonale Lebensmittel kaufen, bei KleidungaufQualitätundErzeugungachtenundnichtUnmengenanKlamottenzubesitzen,diemanvielleichtnureinmalanzieht,Öffis

1 0,1%

öftermitöffentlichenVerkehrsmitteln fahrenundwenn fliegen,dann längerUrlaubmachen,Müllverräumenundtrennen,nichtliegenlassen,Lebensmittelkaufen,welchemanauchbenötigt 1 0,1%

umweltfreundliches Reisen, Flüge vermeiden und öffentliche Verkehrsmittel nutzen, Städte durchRadtourenerkunden 1 0,1%

Das Pflanzen- und Tierarten geschützt werden und nicht weiter aussterben. Erhaltung fossilerRohstoffe,ReduzierungdesAbfalls 1 0,1%

AlleMenschensollenüberMöglichkeitendesUmweltschutzes informiertwerden.WenigerAbgase(Autos,Flugzeuge) 1 0,1%

DasMenschnichthungernmüssen,DasTierevordemAussterbenbewahrtwerden,denSchutzdesRegenwaldes,AmWichtigsten:SchutzdesMeeres(gegenMüllverschmutzungundAusfischung) 1 0,1%

192

ErhaltungderUmwelt(Böden,Bäume,Lebewesen,...)Erdenichtauszubeuten 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,Lebensmittelnichtverschwenden(auchjenedienichtderMordentsprechen, z.B. krumme Gurken), auf Verpackung von Produkten achten (eigene Dosenmitnehmen und auf Verpackungsmaterial verzichten, Plastiksackerl aufheben, beim nächstenEinkaufwiederverwenden,StofftascheoderPapiersackerlverwenden)

1 0,1%

RegionalistundSaisonalität 1 0,1%

Regionalität,undSaisonalitätbeiLebensmitteln 1 0,1%

Treibhausgas-Emissionen verringern, so leben, das nachfolgende Generationen keinen NachteildurchmeinVerhaltenhaben 1 0,1%

Müllvermeiden,Erderwärmungstoppen,Bodennichtverbauen,Landbegrünen 1 0,1%

DerKonsumsollteminimiertwerden,essolltenursovielproduziertwerden,wiebenötigtwird,z.B.im Lebensmittelbereich, weniger Abfall, mehr in öffentliche Verkehrsmittel investieren, dadurchwürdesichderIndividualverkehrverringern

1 0,1%

ErneuerbareEnergienutzen,KeinePestizide,Naturschützen,KeineAtomkraft 1 0,1%

regionale,saisonaleProduktekaufen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,Radfahren,zuFußgehen 1 0,1%

geringererökologischerFußabdruck,wenigeristmehr,Neueserlernen/erfahren 1 0,1%

Lebensmittelverschwendungstoppen,keinAtomstrom,wenigeristmehr(z.B.beiKleidung) 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel(Zug)anstattAuto 1 0,1%

Klimawandelverlangsamen,umweltfreundlicheMobilität,Konsumüberdenken,wenigerverbauen,wenigerabholzen(Regenwälder),Artenschutz 1 0,1%

wenigVerkehr,Nachhaltigkeit,regionalesundsaisonalesEssen,umweltbewusst,... 1 0,1%

Müllverringern,Mülltrennung,Öffisbenutzen,Klimaerwärmungvermeiden 1 0,1%

jedemeinzelnenMenschenmussbewusstsein,dasauchereinewichtigeRolle fürdenSchutzdesPlanetenspielt 1 0,1%

DasunserLebensstilgeändertwerdenmuss,dawirnureineErdezurVerfügunghabenundnicht3oder4sowiewiresaktuellbenötigenwürden 1 0,1%

ErhaltenunsererTier-undPflanzenarten,Erholungsraumerhalten 1 0,1%

Klimawandel eindämmen, Konsumgesellschaft ändern, mehr öffentliche Transportmittel,Umweltschutz 1 0,1%

193

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

StadtbewohnerüberNaturaufklären,Müll,Wegebeachten 1 0,1%

wenigerFleischessen,TourismusinÖsterreich,Öffis,Fahrgemeinschaften 1 0,1%

JedersollteetwasdazubeitragenundanddieJugenddenken 1 0,1%

Klimawandelschützen,Ökologieschützen 1 0,1%

wenigerLichtverschmutzung,keineNaturverschmutzung,aufdieUmweltachten 1 0,1%

FutterfürTiereerhalten 1 0,1%

KeineUmweltverschmutzen,KeinePlastiksackerlnmehr 1 0,1%

Plastiksäckeweg!Tiereschützen,Umweltschutz 1 0,1%

NichtmehrsovielFlugzeugeundMüll 1 0,1%

Wassersparen,nichtsovielmitdemAutofahren,wenigerumhochwertigesFleischessen 1 0,1%

WenigerAutofahren,Ökostrom,wenigerPlastik,Dingewiederverwenden 1 0,1%

WenigPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

keine Umweltverschmutzung, keine Luftverschmutzung, kein Plastik imMeer und keine generelleWasserverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Wiederverwertung 1 0,1%

DasdieMenschheitendlichVernunftbegreiftundnichtalleseinfachsoindieWeltwirft 1 0,1%

zuvielPlastik 1 0,1%

Schauen wo man den Müll hinwirft, den Planeten nicht ausbeuten, keine Tiere ausrotten, neueBäumepflanzenstattSchlagern 1 0,1%

wenigerOzonlöcher 1 0,1%

Umweltverschmutzungundsonstiges 1 0,1%

Wasser,Nahrung,Strom,nichterneuerbareMaterialien,Tiere,Müll,Meer,Energie,Recycling 1 0,1%

wenigerUmweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

194

DasdieAtomkraftwerkewegkommen 1 0,1%

KeinePlastiksachenverwenden(nichtunnötigwegschmeissen),nichaufdenBodenschmeissen 1 0,1%

SchutzderErde 1 0,1%

Müllwegräumen 1 0,1%

keineMenschen 1 0,1%

EingutesUmfangmitderNatur 1 0,1%

Miristesnichtsowichtig,aberirgendwieschon 1 0,1%

Sauberkeit,wenigerAutofahren,mehrzuFußgehen,Pflanzenanbauen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikmüll,amBestengarnicht! 1 0,1%

KeinPlastikmüllmehr 1 0,1%

WenigerEsseninPlastikverpacken 1 0,1%

AufhörenmitderWeltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

WenigCO2Ausstoß,wenigerPKWs/LKWsaufStraßen,mehrBio 1 0,1%

DenVerkehreinschränken,wenigerPlastik,mehrPflanzenundwenigerStraßen/Häuserbauen 1 0,1%

Weniger Plastik, mehr Papier, Karton, Glas zum wiederverwerten, nicht alles auf den Bodenschmeissen, 1 0,1%

Naturschutzgebiete,GlasflaschenkeinePlastikflaschen 1 0,1%

DasderPlanetnochvieleJahrhunderteerhaltenundbewohnbarbleibt 1 0,1%

WenigerDiesel/BenzinAutos,kein/wenigErdölnutzen 1 0,1%

wenigerTreibhausgase 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigermitdemAutofahren 1 0,1%

Klimaschutz, Natur schützen,mehr in dieWildnis gehen, Auto und Flugzeug vermeiden so gut esgeht 1 0,1%

Elektroautos 1 0,1%

195

wenigPlastik,mehrzuFußgehen 1 0,1%

MansollnichtsovielMüllwegwerfenundmehraufdasKlimaachten. 1 0,1%

nichtzuvielMüllerzeugen,keinDreck(Plastik) indieNatur/Meerscheissen,nichtzuvieleAbgaseerzeugen 1 0,1%

KeinPlastik insMeer schmeissen, nur das kaufwasmanauch isst,Mist in denMistkübelwerfen,keinePlastikflaschenkaufen 1 0,1%

nichtvieldieAutosbenutzen,nichtvielPlastikmüllherstellen 1 0,1%

Jetztmalehrlich,wiesollichdaswissen 1 0,1%

Daserimmergeschütztist 1 0,1%

StoppdesKlimawandels 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,wenigerPlastikmist,LebensmittelausderUmgebungkaufen 1 0,1%

DasdieOzonschichtnichtkaputtgeht 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllproduzieren 1 0,1%

imMeerePlastikmüll,Umweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz,StoppungderAbholzungderRegenwälder 1 0,1%

Autogasevermeiden,Mülltrennung,nichtunnötigdieLuftverpesten 1 0,1%

EsistmirwichtigdasLeuteihrenMüllweghauenundihnnichtaufderStraßeliegenlassen 1 0,1%

Weniger Müll, den Obdachlosen helfen, Tiere beschützen, Nachanbau von Bäumen, wenigerFabriken,AutofahrenohneGas 1 0,1%

vielradfahren 1 0,1%

MüllRecycling 1 0,1%

Abgaseverhindern,Klimaerwärmungstoppen 1 0,1%

wenigerSchadstoffe,keineAusbeutung,erneuerbareEnergie,geringeUmweltbelastung 1 0,1%

Abgase 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigerIndustrien,wenigerAutos 1 0,1%

196

Kennmichnichtgutaus 1 0,1%

wenigerUmweltverschmutzung,wenigerPlastik,bessererUmgangmitTieren 1 0,1%

DasesdieWeltvielleichtirgendwannnichtmehrgibt 1 0,1%

Recyceln, wiederverwendbare Sachen, Alternative Energiequellen, AlternativeVerbrennungsmotoren 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeidung,Abgasesenken,Abholzung(Regenwald)stoppen,keinegefährdetenTieretöten,KaufvonmehrerenAutosfüreinePersonverbieten(esgibtPersonen,die5Autosbesitzen) 1 0,1%

SauberkeitdesPlaneten,Müllwiedermitnehmen,Luftverpestungsollreduziertwerden 1 0,1%

Keine Verwendung von Palmöl, Abholzung Regenwald stoppen, Flugverkehr einschränken, Öffisfördern, Verdauung reduzieren, Dieselverbot wieder aufheben - Sinnlos, Mülltrennung,Plastikverpackungenstarkreduzieren

1 0,1%

BewusstereMüllentsorgung,nichtvomAutoausaufdieStraßewerfen 1 0,1%

Vielfalt von Pflanzen und Tieren erhalten, öffentliches Verkehrsnetz fördern, Förderung vonregionalenProdukten,keinSmog,Luftverschmutzung 1 0,1%

DieErderwärmungstoppen 1 0,1%

Umweltbewusstleben(Plastiksparen,recycling,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,...) 1 0,1%

sauberes Milieu (keine Verschmutzungen von Unternehmen), Recycling, Jeder sollte an seinenökologischenFußabdruckdenken 1 0,1%

Flächenverdauungverringern,erneuerbareRohstoffeeinsetzen(keinPlastik) 1 0,1%

wenigerFleischessen,wenigermitdemAutofahren,aufBäumeundPflanzenachten 1 0,1%

Plastik vermeiden, Umwelt schonen, öffentliche Verkehrsmittel verwenden, Landwirtschaftunterstützen,artgerechteTierhaltung,fairePreise,Fahrgemeinschaften 1 0,1%

biologischeLandwirtschaft,Autofahrenverringernreparierenstattwegwerfen,ÖkoKleidung 1 0,1%

Tiereschützen,wenigerUmweltverschmutzungdurchMüll(Plastik) 1 0,1%

Rohstoffverbrauchminimieren,wenigerMüll,mehrrecyceln,mehrerneuerbareEnergie 1 0,1%

ReduktionvonPlastik,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Alternativendazuverwenden,Reparierenstattwegwerfen(Sollbruchstellenetc.verbieten)Fahrgemeinschaften,Öffis,BewussterEinkauf,Regionalundsaisonal 1 0,1%

197

DieKlimaerwärmungzuminimieren 1 0,1%

Treibhauseffekt,Luftverschmutzung,Plastikmüll,Ressourcenverschwendung 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Stromsparen,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

AbgasevondenAutosverringern,MehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelverwenden,mehrzuFußgehenodermitdemRadzurArbeitfahren 1 0,1%

AufsovielPlastikwiemöglichverzichten 1 0,1%

wenigerLebensmittelverschwendung,Treibhausgasemindern 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,mehrmitÖffisfahren 1 0,1%

Fahrgemeinschaften,wenigerFlüge,moderneTechnologienstoppen 1 0,1%

wenigerVerpackungen,Müllerzeugen,keineLebensmittelverschwendung,keinMassenkonsum 1 0,1%

Flora,Fauna,Recycling,MinimierungTreibhauseffekt(CO2),Klimawandel 1 0,1%

Konsumverhaltenändern,Mobilität 1 0,1%

ökologischerStrom,Photovoltaik,Solar,E-Autos,keineMassentierhaltung,Tierwohl 1 0,1%

konkreteLösungfürdasweltweiteMüllproblem 1 0,1%

Plastik reduzieren, Klimawandel einschränken, regional und saisonal einkaufen, Energie sparen,Rohstoffe(Erdöletc.sparen) 1 0,1%

Klimawandel eindämmen, kein Flugzeug fliegen, öffentliche Verkehrsmittel, im Inland Urlaubmachen 1 0,1%

ÜberproduktionvonLebensmittelnstoppen,Nachhaltigerwirtschaften,Abgasevermeiden 1 0,1%

RegionalitätderLebensmittel,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

Weniger Plastik, kurze Strecken nicht mit dem Auto, öffentliche Verkehrsmittel, regional undsaisonaleinkaufen 1 0,1%

wenigerAutofahren,Kurzstreckenflügevermeiden 1 0,1%

Plastikmüllvermeiden,Sonnenenergienützen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnützen 1 0,1%

richtigesMülltrennen,AlternativenzuAtomstrom,Wasser sparen,wenigermitAuto fahren,mehrmitöffentlichenVerkehrsmitteln 1 0,1%

198

richtigesMülltrennen,RichtigeMüllentsorgung,keinAtomstrom-eherSolarstrom,Müllnichtüberallliegenlassen 1 0,1%

Plastik,Transport,Müll 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllindieUmwelt 1 0,1%

regionaleundsaisonaleProduktekaufen,keinePlastiksackerl,Öffisverwenden 1 0,1%

öffentliche Verkehrsmittel, so wenig Plastik wie möglich, regional und saisonal einkaufen, kurzeStreckenzuFuß/mitFahrrad 1 0,1%

wenigPlastikverwenden,Energiesparen 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelnutzen,Flügevermeiden,regionaleundsaisonaleProduktekaufen 1 0,1%

regionaleProduktekaufen/verwenden,alternativeEnergieformen(Solar/Wind),Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

regionaleLebensmittel,öffentlicheTransportmittelverbessern,Mülleinsparenundrecyceln 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,wenigerMüll,wenigerAbgase,nichtalleswegschmeissensondernanderefragenobsiedieSachennochbrauchenkönnen 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastikindenHotels,aufSolarenergie,Windenergieachten 1 0,1%

Müllreduzierenundrichtigtrennen,TreibhausgasVermeidung 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Müllvermeiden-Recycling 1 0,1%

Müllnichteinfachirgendwohinschmeissen,Stromsparen 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Fahrgemeinschaften,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

mitÖffisfahren,wenigmitAuto/Flugzeug,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

Strom sparen, Fahrgemeinschaften, Nachhaltigkeit, Naturbewusst genießen, Müll vermeiden(Plastik),Tiere 1 0,1%

öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Müll,Landwirtschaft,Landschaftserhaltung 1 0,1%

möglichstwenigPlastikumdieMeerenichtmehrsozuverschmutzen,wenigerAbgase-Ökostrom,Wegwerfgesellschaftaufhalten 1 0,1%

erhaltenbleiben-schön-wohlfühlen-Natur-Nahrungsmittel-Modernisierungstoppen 1 0,1%

keine Plastiksackerl, recycling, erneuerbare Energie, neue Antriebsformen für Autos (nicht Strom:Produktion von Akkus sehr umweltschädigend und Ressourcen verbrauchend) aber zum Beispiel

1 0,1%

199

Wasserstoff

Erneuerbare Energie, nicht alles mit dem Auto fahren, Mülltrennung, Recycling, Artenvielfaltschützen 1 0,1%

Müllrichtigentsorgen,wenigerBäumefällen 1 0,1%

weniger Plastik, Müll nicht auf der Straße/Natur liegen lassen, Mülleimer, Massentierhaltungverbieten/strengkontrollieren-hoheStrafen 1 0,1%

aufdieUmweltachten 1 0,1%

Klima - gute Luft zum Atmen, keine Umweltverschmutzung - richtige Mülltrennung, kein Plastikverwenden 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,keineUmweltverschmutzung 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,beikurzenWegenzuFußgehen,keinenMüllindieNaturwerfen 1 0,1%

selektiveMüllsammlung,wenigPlastikverwenden,Ökostromverwenden 1 0,1%

Tiere,Natur(nichtverschmutzen) 1 0,1%

DasalleMenscheneinenBeitragleistensollen 1 0,1%

ALLEsollensichdaranbeteiligen 1 0,1%

Frieden,Umwelt,Gleichheit 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgaseproduzieren(Auto,Fabriken) 1 0,1%

wenigerMüllundAbgase 1 0,1%

wenigerAbgase,Solarenergie,Windenergie 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,keinAtom,E-Autos 1 0,1%

IchmöchteeineschöneWeltfürdierestlichenGenerationenanTierenundPflanzenhaben 1 0,1%

Einschränkung CO2 Ausstoß, Autos, Flugzeuge, Recycling, Alternative Energien, Atomenergieweg,usw. 1 0,1%

keineUmweltverschmutzung,wenigerAbgase 1 0,1%

keinPlastikimMeer,keineglobaleErderwärmung,keineAusrottungvonTier-oderPflanzenarten 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Abgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

200

Papier- stattPlastiksackerl,wenigerPlastikflaschen,kurzeStreckenzuFußodermitdemRadstattmitdemAuto,NutzungöffentlicherVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

herumliegendenMüllsofort indienächsteMülltonnewerfen,mehrAktivitäten imFreienmachen,weniger das Auto benutzen, öfter elektronische Geräte ausgeschaltet lassen,Urlaub nicht nur inStädtenmachen

1 0,1%

Müllrecyceln,mehrzuFußgehenodermitdemFahrradfahren,wenigerPlastikproduktekaufen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,öfterzuFußgehen,nichtsovielWasserverbrauchen 1 0,1%

wenigerMüll in die Natur schmeißen,mehr zu Fuß gehen und nichtmit demAuto fahren,mehrrecyceln,wenigerPlastikverwenden 1 0,1%

Meerenichtverschmutzen,Plastikmeiden 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Mülltrennung,Abgasevermeiden,nichtverschwenderischsein 1 0,1%

MehrzuFußgehen,Mülltrennen,wenigerPlastikproduktekaufen 1 0,1%

Klimawandel! Abholzung durch Brandrodung etc., Meere werden verschmutzt, Lebensräumewerdengefährdet 1 0,1%

keine Umweltverschmutzung (Recycling), Fahrgemeinschaften bilden, bzw. zu Fuß oder mit Rad,Solarenergienutzen,Energiesparlampebenutzen 1 0,1%

Essolltesichendlichetwasändern,MenschensolltenEinsichtzeigenundnichteinfachweiterlebenalswärnichts,Tiereschützen 1 0,1%

Erderwärmungstoppen,Umweltverschmutzungstoppen 1 0,1%

Klimawandelstoppen,Plastikvermeiden 1 0,1%

VermeidungvonAbgasen,wenigerPlastik,Stromsparen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Mülltrennung 1 0,1%

Ökostrom,Bio-Produkte 1 0,1%

wenigMüllverursachen,erneuerbareEnergienutzen,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelverwenden 1 0,1%

erneuerbareEnergien,Müllvermeiden,Wassersparen 1 0,1%

denPlastikmüllindenMeerenaufräumen 1 0,1%

VermeidungvonPlastik,mehröffentlicheVerkehrsmittelverwenden 1 0,1%

wenigMüllhinterlassen,keinenunnützenStromverbrauchen 1 0,1%

201

zuFußgehen 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit-Mülltrennen-Wassersparen 1 0,1%

nachhaltig,bewussthandeln,Tier-undPflanzenvielfalterhalten(Regenwald),Plastikreduzieren 1 0,1%

so wenig wie möglich mit dem Auto fahren, Müll nicht in die Natur werfen, Müll imMeer wegbringen,Tiereschützen 1 0,1%

Fleischkonsum 1 0,1%

Luftverschmutzung,Photovoltaik,Elektroautos,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel 1 0,1%

AllesaneinemOrt(nichtvielfahren) 1 0,1%

CO2Ausstoß 1 0,1%

richtigeMülltrennung,Recycling,Nachhaltigkeit 1 0,1%

Tierschutz,Plastikrecyceln,wenigerErdölundPalmölverbrauchen 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Plastikvermeiden,Öffisbenutzen 1 0,1%

Müllvermeiden 1 0,1%

Mülltrennen,TierenhelfendiedurchVerschmutzungerkranktsind 1 0,1%

Tiereschützen,Mülltrennung,Meeresauberhalten 1 0,1%

RohdungdesRegenwaldesstoppen,wenigerFleischundKakaoessen,weildieammeistenWasserverbrauchen 1 0,1%

GrünerStrom,Solarenergie,pushenvonregionalenProdukten,grüneÖffis 1 0,1%

ErneuerbareEnergie,keineKreuzfahrten 1 0,1%

wenigerunnötigeVerkehrswege 1 0,1%

StopdesKlimawandels 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Lebensmittelnichtverschwenden,Stromsparen,Abgasereduzieren 1 0,1%

Plastikvermeiden,Abgasevermeiden,öffentlicheVerkehrsmittelbevorzugen 1 0,1%

DasesauchfürzukünftigeGenerationmöglichistaufdiesemPlanetenzuleben 1 0,1%

202

DieBevölkerungunddieTiereimRegenwald,diegefährdetwerdenweilerabgeholztwird 1 0,1%

ReduzierungvonschädlichenStoffen,Auto,Motorrad,fahreöffentlich 1 0,1%

Tierwelt,Klimaschutz 1 0,1%

Tierschutz,Klimawandel 1 0,1%

Umweltschutz,erneuerbareEnergie,CO2Emissionenrunter,keinBenzin,Solarenergie 1 0,1%

Schutz der Natur, Tierarten, Massenkonsum stoppen, Müll-besonders nicht recycelbaren,BiologischeRessourcen 1 0,1%

Recycling,CO2Emissionsausstößemeiden,Mistkübelnutzen 1 0,1%

Wasserverbrauchreduzieren,Abgasereduzieren,wenigeroderkeinPlastik 1 0,1%

wenigerPlastik,wenigerPapier 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,SocialResponsibleHotels,Anreisemöglichkeiten-öffentlich-Carsharing 1 0,1%

Dasdasswasichmachesinnhaftist 1 0,1%

KeinPlastik,Leitungswasseristwichtig 1 0,1%

DieWeltsollweiterhinexistieren 1 0,1%

Peoplechange,notclimatechange 1 0,1%

DenKlimawandelaufzuhalten 1 0,1%

Erderwärmungbremsen,gefährdeteArtenschützen,Traditionenbewahren 1 0,1%

WeiterbestandvonArtenvielfalt 1 0,1%

DenökologischenFußabdruckjedeseinzelnensogeringwiemöglichzuhalten 1 0,1%

Tiere,Pflanzen,frischeLuft,sauberesWasser 1 0,1%

Das es mehr Informationen gibt, wie man dabei helfen kann, das es mir selbst und meinenNachfahrenauchetwasbringt 1 0,1%

wenigerCO2Ausstoß,nachhaltigerLeben 1 0,1%

AndereEnergiearten,andereAntriebefürAutosetc. 1 0,1%

203

CO2Emissionenverringern,Klimawandelbeiunsstoppen 1 0,1%

Aufklärung,positiveZukunft,strengereGesetze 1 0,1%

Ich versuche immer umweltbewusst zu leben, beim reisen will oder kann ich aber sehr schwerdaraufachten 1 0,1%

sowenigLebensmittelwieesgehtwegzuwerfen,Mülltrennen,sovielwiemöglichAutovermeiden 1 0,1%

Recyceln, sowenig Plastikmüllwiemöglichproduzieren, bewusste Ernährung,Müll trennen, nichtmitdemFlugzeugreisen 1 0,1%

Nachhaltighandeln 1 0,1%

BiologischabbaubareProdukte,SchutzvongefährdetenTierarten,Nachhaltigesdenken 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,regionalesEssen,wenigimportieren,Treibstoff,grünerStrom,Solarenergie 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Zugfahren 1 0,1%

Nachhaltigkeit,umweltschonend,billig 1 0,1%

ReduzierenvomCO2Gehalt 1 0,1%

wenigerCO2Produktion,Wasserverbrauchreduzieren,Recycling 1 0,1%

Klimabewussterhandeln,Recycling,Umweltbewusstsein, 1 0,1%

Schutz des Meeres, nachhaltiger Fischfang, Müll und Plastik reduzieren, Meer reinigen, wenigerAbgase, weniger Emissionen/CO2, gegen Luftverschmutzung, Fleischkonsum senken, kürzereTransportwege, lokale/regionale Produkte, weniger Flugzeugreisen/Auto, Verwendung von Auto,SchutzdesRegenwaldes,gegenAbholzung,Wiederaufforstung,Naturschutzgebiete

1 0,1%

weniger Plastik, Müll trennen, weniger CO2 Emissionen, weniger Fliegen, mehr öffentlicheVerkehrsmittel,Stromsparen,Solarenergie 1 0,1%

wenigerAutos,mehrRecyclingSysteme 1 0,1%

Dasesmöglichistihnzuerkundenohneihndabeizuzerstören,inklusiveTierundPflanzenwelt 1 0,1%

Klimaerwärmungstoppen 1 0,1%

CO2Emissionenvermeiden,ÜberlebenderTiere 1 0,1%

PlastikReduktion,ÜberlebenderTiereundPflanzen,mehrNatur,wenigerIndustrie 1 0,1%

umweltbewusster Lebensstil, Klimaschutz, nicht unnötige Ressourcen verbrauchen, Schutz von1 0,1%

204

TierendavielevomAussterbenbedroht

Erderwärmung 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung, Plastik nicht in die Ozeane, Tierversuche/Massentierhaltung minimieren, wenigerAbgaseverursachen,zumBeispielCarsharing 1 0,1%

Mülltrennung,Recycling 1 0,1%

Das auch die Generationen nach uns noch etwas von unserem Planeten haben. Sauberer Strom,Ressourcen 1 0,1%

Gesamt 1107 100,0%

Q20WennichindenUrlaubfahre,würdeichesgenießen...

142

882

444 370 387218 286

178 121

761

504

173332

602469 430

313407

142 195

426 476317

88225

332 324 372 418246

431

102246

679

31 56159 186

420

216

767579

43 10155 33 39 36 39 43 39 33 40 34 390

100200300400500600700800900

Prob

ande

n

Antwortenaxisntle

1=sehrgenießen 2=genießen 3=nichtsehrgenießen

4=überhauptnichtgenießen KeineAntwort

205

Q22IchbinfürdieRettungabgelegenerWildnis-Gebiete.Bitte1ankreuzen

Q23Die folgendenAussagen beziehen sich auf deinen Alltag. Bitte gib an, inwieweit du

zustimmstodernichtzustimmst.

489

503

272

2328 51

(n=1366)

Ichsnmmestarkzu

Ichsnmmezu

Neutral

Ichsnmmenichtzu

Ichsnmmeüberhauptnichtzu

KeineAntwort

366

1122

614326 201

56 57281302

100 192

535 638

1213 1125

684658

101

517 462 485

56 140352

40 43 43 43 42 41 44 490

200400600800

1.0001.2001.400

Prob

ande

n

Antwortenaxisntle

Ja Nein Manchmal KeineAntwort