Ecosystem Mine
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Transcript of Ecosystem Mine
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ECOSYSTEM
K GOPI
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ECOSYSTEM
The study ofinter-relationships between organismsand their environment
Community-all the organisms of all the different
species living in one habitat. Biotic-Any living or biological factor. Abiotic-Any non-living or physical factor. Population-The members of the same species living in
one habitat. Species-A group of organisms that can successfully
interbreed
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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
Producerproduces food from carbon dioxide and water using photosynthesis.Ex: plant, algae, plankton or bacteria. Consumer
An animal that eats other organisms HerbivoreA consumer that eats plants (= primary consumer). CarnivoreA consumer that eats other animals (= secondary consumer). Top carnivore
A consumer at the top of a food chain with no predators. OmnivoreA consumer that eats plants or animals. VegetarianA human that chooses not to eat animals (humans are omnivores)
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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
Autotrophmanufactures its own food (= producer)
Heterotrophobtains its energy and mass from other organisms
(=consumers + decomposers)PhytoplanktonPlant plankton i.e. microscopic marine producers.ZooplanktonAnimal plankton i.e. microscopic marine consumers.
Predatorhunts and kills animals for food.
Preyhunted and killed for food.
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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
ScavengerAn animal that eats dead animals, but doesn't kill them
Detritus or Carrion
Dead and waste matter that is not eaten by consumersDecomposerAn organism that consumes detritusex: detrivores & saprophytes)
DetrivoreAn animal that eats detritus.
SaprophyteA microbe (bacterium or fungus) that lives on detritus.
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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB
Symbiosis
Organisms living together in a close relationship
(=parasitism, mutualism, pathogen).
Mutualism
Two organisms living together for mutual benefit.
Commensalism
Relationship in which only one organism benefits
Parasite
An organism that feeds on a larger living host organism,harming it
Pathogen
A microbe that causes a disease.
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ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass Pyramid of energy
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PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
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PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Convey more information total mass of living organisms (i.e. the biomass) at each trophic
level. drying and weighing the organisms at each trophic level, or by
counting them and multiplying by an average individual mass. always pyramid shaped, it cannot have more mass than that level
(you cannot weigh more than you eat). The "missing" mass becomes detritus and is decomposed.
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PYRAMID OF ENERGY
shows how much energy flows into each trophic level in a given
time always pyramidal
Transfer of energy is inefficient
Energy will be lost as heat energy
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ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
passed on to the biomass of the next trophic
level
stored in detritus converted to heat energy by inefficient
chemical reactions, radiated by warm
bodies, or in friction due to movement.
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ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS
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PRODUCTIVITY
Rate of conversion of sunlight to chemicalenergy
Kilocalorie is the measure of energy
Three aspects of productivity: Gross primary productivity (GPP) Respiration rate (R) Net primary productivity (NPP)
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Gross Primary Productivity
Rate at which sunlight is converted to
chemical energy
Kilocalories/square meter/year
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Respiration rate
Energy used by producers
Subtracted from GPP
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Net Primary Productivity
Amount of energy stored
GPP - R = NPP
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THANK YOU