Ecosystem Measurement If you know WHY you’re measuring, then you’ll know WHAT to measure.
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Transcript of Ecosystem Measurement If you know WHY you’re measuring, then you’ll know WHAT to measure.
![Page 1: Ecosystem Measurement If you know WHY you’re measuring, then you’ll know WHAT to measure.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070410/56649eb25503460f94bb968b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecosystem Measurement
If you know WHY you’re measuring, then you’ll know WHAT to measure.
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Types of data abundance density evenness biomass
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Types of data, continued coverage = proportion or percent of ground
covered over by a particular species
(i.e. how much shade?)
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Types of data, continued DBH = diameter at breast height
(diameter of trunk at 1.5 m)
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Types of data, continued dendrology = tree rings
Usually collected from core samples
Data: age of tree,
climate conditions
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Yikes!!Go out and measure every tree?
No way!! Instead you choose an appropriate sampling method.
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4 sampling methods:1. plot
2. transect
3. point-quarter
4. photogrammetry
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Plot sampling AKA “quadrat” rectangle or square 1 m2 to 100’s m2
randomly selected replicated
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Plot sampling is used to measure plant communities, sessile communities, soil fauna, animal burrows, benthos
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Types of data from plot sampling species density, evenness, coverage, biomass (in aquatic systems)
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Transect Sampling (3 types)
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1) Belt transect sampling long, narrow strip of terrain same type of data as plot sampling used to study contiguous communities or
seres of ecological succession
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2) Line-intercept transect straight line through ecosystem (rope or
tape-measure) any plant that touches the line is counted or
the diameter of plant on line is measured data will give species density, evenness,
and coverage
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3) Strip census transect The researcher walks on straight line
through ecosystem counting visible animals or animal sign
e.g. birds, butterflies, roadkill, scat, etc. There are mathematical techniques that
will convert data into population densities, etc.
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.... to review
What is a plot sample?
What are the 3 types of transect samples?
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Point-quarter sampling “plotless” method has reliability issues: plants must have
random distribution!!!
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Point-quarter, continued Researcher randomly selects points within
ecosystem & marks each with a flag. Each point represents center of compass
with 4 quarters (N, W, S, E) quarter = quadrant (not quadrat)
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Point-quarter, continued In each quarter, measure the distance from
center point to center of nearest individual plant
Only one plant per quarter is measured Combine the data (if reliable) to find
species density, evenness & coverage
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Photogrammetry
“remote sensing”
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Photogrammetry, continued photos taken from airplanes & matched to
GPS digital or infra-red film
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Photogrammetry is used to identify vegetation, soil & forest types, to measure tree height
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Photogrammetry is used also for mapping potential tree harvest zones
and access roads, for identifying riparian zones, for monitoring stream-channel shifts,
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and to assess landslide risk, evaluate reforestation progress, and study health of individual trees (leaf
density in crown).
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... to review
Pros & cons of pt-1/4 sampling?
Uses of photogrammetry?
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Why sample? Ecological reasons 1. 2. 3. 4.
Economic reasons 5. 6. 7. 8.