Ecosystem change and human health: an overview of the HEAL program
-
Upload
center-for-international-forestry-research-cifor -
Category
Environment
-
view
25 -
download
0
Transcript of Ecosystem change and human health: an overview of the HEAL program
Christopher Golden PhD, MPHDirector of HEAL, Wildlife Conservation Society
Harvard School of Public HealthATBC 7-13-2015
Ecosystem Change and Human Health:
An Overview of the HEAL Program
• Wildlife population collapseEnvironmental Change
• Reduced access to animal-source foodsChanges in Food
Supply
• Micronutrient and vitamin intake decreasesChanges in Nutrient
Intake
• Increased incidence of nutritional deficienciesHealth Impacts
Burun
di
Tim
or-L
este
Niger
Mad
agas
car
Nepal
Guate
mal
aIn
dia
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Stu
nti
ng
pre
vale
nce
(%
)An Environment of Chronic Malnutrition
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Annual Individual Wildlife Consumption (kg)
Pre
dic
ted
In
cre
as
e i
n
He
mo
glo
bin
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
ns
(g
/dL
)
Median Consumption
75th Percentile
Reliance on Wild Foods• More than 280 different food items consumed over 1 year (142 hh)
• 8 items purchased from stores
• 24 mammalian bushmeat species, 22 wild bird species
• Mean household bushmeat consumption is 7.4kg per year
• A quarter of households consume 200g of bushmeat per week
• Some households are consuming nearly 70kg of busmeat in a year, the equivalent of a single household receiving 12 quarter-pounder burgers per week from the forest
• Mean proportion of bushmeat to total meat consumption is 13% while in some households it comprises 75% of all meat consumption
Health Methodology
1
• Dietary calendars• Socio-economic surveys• Pharmaceutical use records
2
• Current health status• Anthropometry• Fingernail samples
3• Blood samples (fasted)
4
• Fecal samples• Breast milk samples (fasted)
CONTINUOUS
NIGHT BEFORE
CLINICAL VISIT
FIRST / LAST
Effects of malnutrition on brain development and cognition
Source: Cordero E et al, 1985 (Adapted from Figure 2 & Figure 4), Benıtez-Bribiesca et al. 1999 (Adapted from Figure 4)
Nor
mal
Mal
nour
ishe
d
Normal brain cells
Extensive branching
Impaired brain cells
Limited branching
Mortality attributed to malnutrition
Diarrhea deaths
Pneumonia deaths
Measles deaths
Malaria deaths
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Outline
1. Methodological Framework
2. Case Study: Wildlife Declines and Food Security
3. Ongoing ResearchFishery Declines and Food Security
Roadmap
Eco-Epidemiology Ecosystem Services Nutritional Epidemiology
Climate Ocean Fisheries Catch Human Development Science Health Ecology Histories Geography Economics
Importance of Marine Fisheries to Nutrition
Mal
dive
s
Indo
nesia
Mad
agas
car
Canad
a
Tanz
ania
Icel
and
Portug
al
Gambi
a
Japa
n UK0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 Omega-3 Vitamin B12 Vitamin A Protein Iron Zinc Calories
Cont
ributi
on o
f wild
cap
ture
fish
to
tota
l nut
rient
inta
ke (%
)