Ecosystem-Based Risk Management - WWF-Canadaassets.wwf.ca/downloads/ecosystem_based_risk... · •...
Transcript of Ecosystem-Based Risk Management - WWF-Canadaassets.wwf.ca/downloads/ecosystem_based_risk... · •...
Ecosystem-Based Risk Management- ecological risk analysis and how to incorporate risk in MSP -
Oceans Centre of Expertise on Coastal Management
Marc OuelletteMarc Ouellette (Coordinator)(Coordinator) and and Roland CormierRoland Cormier (Director) (Director) Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NBGulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB
MSP workshop, HalifaxJune 01-02, 2011
land spatial planning(agriculture, forestry...)
Coastal Zone - bridging the land-water divide
“Ecosystem basis for management”“Ecosystem basis for management”
land
water
air
“A chain is as strong as its weakest link!”
marine spatial planning(fisheries & aquaculture, navigation...)
integrated spatial planning
Ecoregions - driven by natural characteristics
“Ecosystem basis for management”“Ecosystem basis for management”
Newfoundland
Management Areas - driven by human issues
SocioSocio--economic & cultural economic & cultural (ecosystem goods & services)(ecosystem goods & services)
Atlantic Ocean
Maine(US)
Saint-Pierre et Miquelon(France)
IM (QU)
Gaspésie (QU)
Prince Edward Island
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
Québec
Gulf Region
Québec Region
Newfoundland & Labrador Region
Maritimes Region
GOSLIMGOSLIM
ESSIMESSIM
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Ecoregions vs. Management Areas““Ecosystem basis for managementEcosystem basis for management””
“Ecoregions are trans-boundary!”
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Replacement Class Screening (CEAA)
““CoastalCoastal Spatial Plan” Spatial Plan” –– east coast of NBeast coast of NB• bathymetry
• smell fishery
• eel fishery
• navigation channel
• sanitary sites
• shellfish closures areas
• aquaculture zones (proposed)
• aquaculture sites
• shellfish enhancement
• soft-shell clam survey
• gaspereau fishery
• CWS areas
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• shellfish closures areas
• 100m buffer zone (proposed)
• 300m buffer zone (proposed)
IM management measures (mitigation):
• 10% of the area of the estuary for sites allocations– EC: Carrying capacity (precautionary approach)
• 10 meters spacing between lines– EC: Benthic areas (shading and snuffing)
• 30 meters spacing between leases– EC: Hydrology and currents (fish passage)– SEC: Commercial navigation– SEC: Public access to beaches and parks
Replacement Class Screening (CEAA)
““Water Column Oyster Aquaculture in NBWater Column Oyster Aquaculture in NB””
– SEC: Public access to beaches and parks– SEC: Recreational fisheries and boating
• 100 meters buffer zone (shoreline)– SEC: Recreational and boating activities– SEC: Clam fishery
• 300 meters buffer zone around dunes and barrier islands– EC: Nesting and migratory resting areas (birds)
• Lease Area Zoning (management plan)– SEC: Aboriginal access to aquatic resources &
burial grounds– SEC: Commercial fisheries activities & Tourism and
resorts– SEC: Historic and archeological sites
• Code of practice– SEC: Esthetics
Pacific Atlantic
Zone of influence - Richibucto watershed
“Cumulative Environmental Effects”“Cumulative Environmental Effects”
Coastal Spatial Planning
Coastal activities:• forestry
• agriculture
• peat moss
• mining
• energy production
Coastal Zone - context
“state of ecosystems = result of “state of ecosystems = result of ∑∑ environmental effects (multiple drivers & pressures)”environmental effects (multiple drivers & pressures)”
• municipality waste
• land transportation
• marine transportation
• fishery
• fish plants
• aquaculture
• residential / leisure
- marina
- golf courses
- coastal landscaping
Coastal Management in Canada“governance fragmentation? division of jurisdictions and authorities”“governance fragmentation? division of jurisdictions and authorities”
Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas and Species of Aquatic Ecosystems
Federal Legislative
Profile
Oceans Act
Habitat Provisions of the Fisheries Act
Species at Risk Act
Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
Canadian Environmental Protection Act
National Marine Conservation ActNational Parks Act
Navigable Waters Protection Act
Canadian Wildlife Act
Fishing and Recreational Harbours Act
Aquatic
Ecosystem Unit
30 Federal Departments and Agencies
with Oceans-related activities!
- involves 62 key federal statutes (legislation) related to Oceans
+ Provincial / Territorial jurisdictional
organisations
+ Aboriginal rights
River Esturary Coast Oceans
Land Portion of the Watershed
Community Planning Act
New Brunswick
Legislative Profile
Clean Environment Act (Water of the Province)
Clean Water Act (Water of the Province)
Municipal Planning District Commissions
Aquaculture Act
Livestock Operations Act
Health Act
Crown Lands and Forest Act
Quarriable Lands Act
Mining Act
Endangered Species Act
Ecological Reserves Act
Trespass Act
Risk Analysis - ecosystem-based framework
“Risk of causing “Risk of causing adverse environmental effectsadverse environmental effects””
Risk Analysis - principles
Risk management
Risk communication We have to work together to make it work!
What are the management options?
How do we implement them? (targets)
“Risk of causing “Risk of causing adverse environmental effectsadverse environmental effects””
Risk assessment
Risk identification(problem formulation)
How do we implement them? (targets)
How likely is it to go wrong?
What would be the consequences?
Is it happening? How bad is it?
What are the thresholds?
What can we do about it?
What could go wrong?
- identification of ecological & SEC components,
hazards and vulnerabilities -
CEE State 1 CEE State 2...
Environmental Effects - DPSIR approach
Aquatic
ecosystemsgain
lost
1) Stewardship
2) Best Management Practices
3) Policies
4) Standard Operating Procedures
Responses (mitigation measures)
Drivers(Human activities) Pressures physical,
‘natural’ State
temperature regime
hydrological regime
salinity regime
Impacts(+/-)
neutral
EcosystemGoods
&Services
conflicting
5) Guidelines
6) Operational Statements
7) Regulations
8) Legislations
(Human activities)
type & intensity
Pressureschemical
& biological
characteristics
nutrientregime
regime
sedimentregime
habitats
biota...
residual effects
Policy Gap AnalysisPolicy Gap Analysis
(review, compliance & effectiveness)
DPSIR Conceptual ModelPathways of EffectsPathways of Effects
Algal
BOD Anoxia
Nutrient Regime
Alteration
Hypoxia
Agriculture
Algal
Growth
ManureFertilizer
Hydrological Hydrological featuresfeatures
Climate featuresClimate features(rainfall, tidal surge...)(rainfall, tidal surge...)
Valued Ecosystem ComponentsValued Ecosystem Components(ecosystem services)(ecosystem services)
ecologicalecological
“Vulnerability to “Vulnerability to adverse environmental effectsadverse environmental effects””
Risk Identification - drivers, susceptibilities,
vulnerabilities & good and services
Drivers: human activitiesDrivers: human activities(type & intensity)(type & intensity)
Landscape featuresLandscape features(topography, geology...)(topography, geology...)
Hydrological Hydrological featuresfeatures(flow & exchange rates...)(flow & exchange rates...)
Georeferenced DataGeoreferenced Data
US EPA:
ecologicalecologicalsusceptibilitiessusceptibilities
Drivers - PressuresPopulation Density & AgriculturePopulation Density & Agriculture
Significant Ecosystem Goods and ServicesAquaculture: shellfishAquaculture: shellfish
Significant Ecosystem Goods and ServicesSocial (recreational) and CulturalSocial (recreational) and Cultural
Ecologically Significant SpeciesEel Grass (Zostera marinus)Eel Grass (Zostera marinus)
DFO, 2009a
Ecologically and Biologically Significant AreasGulf of St LawrenceGulf of St Lawrence
DFO, 2007
Regional Vulnerability Profile (atlas)(Agriculture) (Agriculture) -- soil exposition, fertilizers & pesticidessoil exposition, fertilizers & pesticides
Drivers (agriculture)
• potato cultivation
• blueberry cultivation ...
Pressures
• soil exposition, fertilizers & pesticides
VECs (ecosystem goods & services)
• (ecological) eelgrass (ESS)landscape susceptibility
(slopes >3%)• (economical) shellfish aquaculture
• (social) aesthetic (visual & smell)
Concerns
• likely watersheds where mitigation
measures (e.g. buffer zones) are
at risk of failing in severe conditions
Actions
• priority watershed for both conformity
and compliance monitoring
(slopes >3%)
Risk Assessment - likelihood, impacts & thresholds
Nutrient Regime AlterationNutrient Regime Alteration
Severity alteration
disruption
destruction
habitatpopulationindividual
Magnitude
“Nutrient Enrichment Criteria & Thresholds?”
Risk Management - measures & targets
Drivers:
- type & intensity - ?
Responses:
- mitigation measures enhancements - ?
vs.vs.
Ecosystem Goods & Services:
- state forecasting - ?
Impacts: (remediation)
- feasibility - ?
Conclusion
• Integrated Coastal and Oceans Management (ICOM)– Risk analysis (key tool)
• provides a systematic approach in gathering, evaluating,recording and disseminating information for decision-making.
– Ecosystem-based risk management framework• focus management strategies and resources to priorities of
highest ecosystem, socio-economic and corporate risks.
• Environmental management’s ‘6 tenets’(Elliott 2002)
– Our actions have to be:• environmentally sustainable;
• technologically feasible;
• economically viable;
• socially desirable;
• legally permissible; and,
• administratively achievable.
multidisciplinary
+
multi-dimensional
+
multi-jurisdictional
=
excellence in orchestration!excellence in orchestration!(communication, planning, direction, execution...)(communication, planning, direction, execution...)
Acknowledgement... to all contributors!Remerciement... à tous les collaborateurs et collaboratrices!
Thank youMerci
Questions / Comments / Suggestions...
Questions / Commentaires / Suggestions...
[email protected](506) 851-3338
[email protected](506) 851-2416