Broadcasting eco-fishing

Hussein Abegaz

Senior Fishery Expert

Agricultural Extension Directorate

Ministry of Agriculture

Email: husseinfish99@gmail.com, OR abegaz.issa@gmail.com

Basic concepts

1. Environment

2. Aquatic Ecosystem

3. Fishery

– Fishing– Fishing

– Fisher

– Fishing gears

– Fishing techniques

4. Fish

1. Environment

• All of the external factors affecting an

organism.

– These factors may be other living organisms

(biotic factors) or (biotic factors) or

– nonliving variables (abiotic factors),

• temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean

currents.

• The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic

factors form an ecosystem.

2. Aquatic ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystem

• Ecosystem, organisms living in a particular

environment (IN WATER), the physical parts of

the environment that affect.the environment that affect.

3. Fishery

• Fisheries, industry of harvesting fish, shellfish,

and other aquatic animals.

FISHERY =FISH RESOURCE + HUMAN ACTIVITY

towards hunting fish

– Fishing: fishing operations=act of catching fish

– Fishermen : a person who is catching fish

– Fishing gears: net (different forms), hook and line,

taps,

4. Fishes as food

Fish as food

Fishing gears and techniques

1. Fish Resource Potential

Water body Annual harvest potential

(MT)

Major lakes 30,963 -35,963

Major Rivers 7,000

Major Small water bodies 6,067Major Small water bodies 6,067

Total 44,030-49,030

• Resources not yet precisely defined

• Water bodies are increasing every year

• Not all SWB not included

• Recent constructed large water bodies not

included

2. Fish resource exploitation2. Fish resource exploitation

Fish Farming

(15 ton)

Fish Production24,057 MT

Capture FisheriesCapture Fisheries

� Lakes 14,523 MT (Ri.Vlakes and Tana)�Rivers 189 MT

Total =14,712MT

T. Production share =87% Exploitation rate= 46%

Culture based capture fisheries��Small & large Reservoirs 2,058 MTSmall & large Reservoirs 2,058 MT

T. Production share =13% T. Production share =13% Exploitation rate= 34%Exploitation rate= 34%

Exploitation

• Exploitation uneven

• Some lakes, which are

close to big towns are

over exploited

• Others are not yet

utilized

Main commercial fish species

Barbus

Labeo

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000p

rod

uct

ion

(to

ns)

National fish production trend (2000-2011)

0

5000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

pro

du

ctio

n (

ton

s)

Year

Production bu fish species

Barbus 11%

Nile perch 6%

Carp sp. 2%Others 3%

Commercially important fish species

Tilapia 67%

African catfish

11%

Barbus 11%

Annual production 24057 Tons (2011)

Fish producers

• Every fisher

• Gear supplier

• Fish processor

• Fish trader• Fish trader

Fishing gears

• Boats (plank, papyrus, wood dig out)– Modern with motorized boats

• Nets (‘modern gears’)– Gillnet (20-100m)

– Beach Seine net ( up to 250m)– Beach Seine net ( up to 250m)

– Scoop net or Reed sieves

– Cast nets

• Hooks and line

• Basket Traps

• Spears

• Stupefacient or poison plants

Fishing boats (modern)

Traditional boats

Gambudi

Fishing gears

Bichwa

Traditional Fishing gears

Contribution of fishery for development

• The fisheries have potential contribute to the

achievement of regional development

objectives includes;

– National income– National income

– Improve food security

– Alleviation of poverty

– Source of sustainable income

– Improve the health status of the society by

providing high quality protein

Contribution of fishery for national

economy

• Total value of fish production (2004) is ETBr 400 million

– It is farm gate price

– It accounts only the production of registered/organized fishermen.

• Replacement of imported fish preparation by locally • Replacement of imported fish preparation by locally produced fish to save currency

• Promotion of fish exports to earn foreign currency ;

• Promotion of local and foreign investments in fish production and related activities

– Contribution to National GDP is ~0.02%

Contribution of fishery to food

security

• Fishing is one of coping mechanism to fill the

seasonal food shortage gaps near water

bodies specially at rivers

• Fishing, hunting and gathering wild foods are • Fishing, hunting and gathering wild foods are

part of the livelihood system of the indigenous

communities of Gambella and Benshangule-

Gumuz regions.

• Most of regional Woreds has large food

shortage experience almost year round.

Cont’d

• Food security does not just concern food

production. It can be defined as the physical

and economics access to sufficient safe and

nutritious food to meet dietary needs. (1996 nutritious food to meet dietary needs. (1996

World Food Summit).

– fisheries contributes to food security in a variety

of ways

• Access quality protein to the community

• Reducing vulnerability

Access quality protein to the community

• Fishes are become source of quality animal origin

food protein

• Nutrition, Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and

Micronutrient deficiencies are the major problems in

the Country. the Country.

• Frintance Early data from MoH for BGRS

– the prevalence of chronic malnutrition or stunting for

children under the age of five is 41.3% and acute

malnutrition or wasting is 14.2% and underweight is

42.3%. (2002)

~Fishery can support to reduce these malnutrition problems

through supply of fish food for fishers and their families.

Reducing vulnerability

• Severe food deficit exist at Woredas where the

resource is available

• Fish is accessible to vast majority of

people, especially who lives on the course of people, especially who lives on the course of

lake and river banks and it is available

throughout the year.

– ~ fishery can reduce the vulnerability to food

deficit season by providing complementary food

source as part of diversified livelihood strategies.

Poverty alleviation and employment

opportunity

• Fishery offers several opportunities:

– creates employment opportunity

– alternative income generating

– small scale fishing and trading provides a low – small scale fishing and trading provides a low

capital and subsistence level of employment for

youths which intern helps them to increase saving

and continue their education.

Fishery management (FM)

• Fisheries management (as defined in the FAO CCRF) is: “the integrated process of information gathering, analysis , planning, consultation, decision-making, allocation of resources and formulation and implementation, with enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity of the resources and accomplishment of other govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity of the resources and accomplishment of other fisheries objectives”

• Purposes of fisheries management include to:

Ensure conservation, protection, proper use, economic efficiency and equitable distribution of the fisheries resources both for the present and future generations.

FM Cont’d

Maximise long term sustainability and rational utilization of fish resources through:

• Adjusting the investment level/ fishing efforts and users to match the magnitude of fish resources;

Combating water pollution and environmental • Combating water pollution and environmental degradation ;

• Improving fish handling , preservation and processing to minimise post-harvest losses and secure quality products for local consumption and export .

Causes of fish resource depletion

• Fishing pressure

– Too many fishing gears

– Improper fishing gears

• Pollution

– Agricultural and Industrial pollution

– Excess organic matter

• Degradation of fish habitat

– Direct human or natural intervention

• Lake shore degradation, fish pass obstacle, irrigation

– Indirect intervention

• Decrease littoral zone area through climate change

Sign of resource depletion

• The size of catch will be small and large fish is

scare in the lake.

• The quantity of catch decrease gradually

• Changed the catch composition• Changed the catch composition

Current fish fish handling: poor

handling

Best fish handling

Legal framework for FM

Federal level- The Fish Resource Development and

Utilization Proclamation 315/2003

By lows and standards

� The Ethiopian Quality Standard Authority declared

– Fish Product Quality Standards (12),

– Recommended code of practice (7) and

– Guidelines (2)

• Fish Products Quality Control Regulation No /2012 is

prepared and suspending for approval. ).

• Fish Resource Management Control and Fishing License

Directive are produced in some regions

�National Aquaculture Development Strategy

Fishery Management (FM) systems

and approachesThe existing fisheries management systems (FMs):Although some of these systems are used in isolations, in most cases

there are used in combination.

1. No fisheries management (Free-range)

unrestricted exploitation with open access, unregulated and unreported fishing. The fishery is free for all unreported fishing. The fishery is free for all

2. Command and control management

The Monitoring Control and Surveillance system “Command and Control is essentially a centralized system where power and authority is vested at the top and where policy and implementing decisions are made and passed on to lower levels down to grassroots.Fisheries Command and control success thrives on strict law

enforcement by the authorities.

– Very little community participation

FM systems and approaches Cont’d

3. community-based management/traditional/

Gambella ponds

4. right-based management

Some Benshangul-Gumuz rivers

5. co-management or Cooperative management

• It can be defined as a partnership arrangement in which the • It can be defined as a partnership arrangement in which the

community of local resource users (fishers), government, other

stakeholders (boat owners, fish traders, boat builders, business

• Co-management covers various partnership arrangements and

degrees of power sharing and integration of local

(informal, traditional, customary) and centralized government

management systems.

Co-management

Fisheries co-management

Based on roles government and fishers play classified in to five

broad types

Instructive: There is only minimal exchange of information between government

and fishers. This type of co-management regime is only different from

centralized management in the sense that the mechanisms exist for dialogue

with users, but the process itself tends to be government informing fishers on

the decisions they plan to make. the decisions they plan to make.

• Consultative: Mechanisms exist for government to consult with fishers but all

decisions are taken by government.

• Cooperative: This type of co-management is where government and fishers

cooperate together as equal partners in decision-making.

• Advisory: Fishers advise government of decisions to be taken and government

endorses these decisions.

• Informative: Government has delegated authority to make decisions to fisher

groups who are responsible for informing government of these decisions.

FM integration

FM systems

• used in isolations, and

• in most cases there are used in combination.

• It can be integrated with Ecosystem • It can be integrated with Ecosystem

management, catchment protection program

and almost all lake pollution protection

programs.

1. Catch quota2. Closed area3. Closed season4. Mesh size regulations5. Gear restrictions

Fishery management technical measures

5. Gear restrictions6. Limits on the nb of boats7. Limits on the nb of gears8. Taxes on effort or catch9. Licensing10.Control of Traders

Fish resource and community

• The community and Producer/consumers

should be aware on:

– Resource utilization

– Poor quality fish product can be health hazard – Poor quality fish product can be health hazard

– Full and proper utilization of fish products

– The importance of food fish

– Collaborate the implementation of fisheries

management plan

Challenges� Lake of awareness on the fish resource among

policy makers and communities/consumers

� Insufficient knowledge of the fisheries resources,

post harvest loss, marketing and distribution

� Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing (Open � Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing (Open

access to the resources)

� No reliable statistics as an essential basis for

fisheries management

� Lack of trained manpower

� Illiteracy and the ignorance of fisher men or

prevailing laws and regulations

Recommendation

• Promote and collaborate to conserve the aquatic and related environment/ecosystem

• Create technical cooperation and establishing professional links with relevant national, regional and international institutions.

• Improve the knowledge on fisheries resources, post harvest • Improve the knowledge on fisheries resources, post harvest loss, marketing and distribution through survey

• Promote to increase fish supply from underutilized stocks of major lakes and increase fish supply from remote fisheries like that of rivers

• Create awareness – on conserving fish resource

– Fish consumption promotion from underutilize water bodies

What next?

• What ECOPA can do?

• Crate awareness to consumers on importance of fish

food, handling and quality of fish product, and on

conserving fish resource.conserving fish resource.

• Study on postharvest and socio economic of fishery

at selected lakes.

• Study some issue which deems to be health hazard

for consumers.

• Support promoting subsistence aquaculture.

Thank You