Economy Trailing Shoe

Operator’s Manual

&

Parts list

Issue Date: May 2014

2

Declaration of Conformity

We, Conor Engineering Ltd, of

Monreagh,

Tubber,

Co. Clare

Rep. of Ireland

Declare on our sole responsibility that the product

Economy Trailing Shoe

Model: Serial No:

Conforms with the following standard

Machinery Safety

EN 707:1999+A1:2009

Agricultural machinery - Slurry tankers - Safety

Following the provisions of 2006/42/EC - The Machinery Directive and its amending directives

Enda O’Connor Dispatch date

For any warranty claims to be considered, the product must be registered at

www.conoreng.com/about-us/product-registration/ with 14 days of purchase.

3

Introduction

Congratulations. You are the owner of a Conor Economy Trailing shoe, manufactured for the professional farmer. With correct operation and adequate maintenance this machine can be used for many years. Before using the trailing shoe, please read this manual carefully. At Conor Engineering, we strive to continuously improve our products. Conor Engineering has the right to modify our products, all appearances, sizes and weights given in this manual and can be changed at any time.

4

Contents Page

(i) Safety Instructions

General safety 5

Hydraulics circuit safety 6

Slurry handling safety 6

Maintenance Safety 6

Safety stickers 7

Serial Number plate 7

(ii) Setting up your trailing shoe 8

(iii) Operation Instructions 10

(iv) Maintenance 13

(v) Troubleshooting 16

(vi) Spare Parts – 6.4m Trailing Shoe 17

(vii) Spare Parts – 7m Trailing Shoe 19

(viii) Hydraulic Components 21

(ix) Electrical Components 23

5

Safety Instructions

It is of vital importance that all safety instructions are strictly adhered to at all times.

Conor Engineering has done its utmost to inform the user of all the safety guidelines

relevant to the operation of this machine but it is by no means exhaustive and the operator

should be safety alert at all times and employ common sense when operating the economy

trailing shoe.

The following instructions must be strictly followed to prevent accidents and the

information must be made known to all users.

General safety

Carefully read this operating manual before operating the machine. It’s the owner’s

responsibility to ensure that any other operators of this machine are competent and

experienced and has fully read the safety and operating instructions.

The owner of the machine must ensure that only authorised persons are permitted

to operate the trailing shoe.

Ensure the operator is familiar with all controls and functions of the machine before

use.

Please observe all safety stickers on the trailing shoe.

People under the age of 16 should not be allowed to operate the trailing shoe.

Ensure all the guarding and protective housing is in place while the trailing shoe is

operating.

The installation of spurious replacement parts may have negative effect on the

trailing shoes performance and therefore detrimental to the safety of the machine.

Only Conor genuine spare parts should be used.

All farm safety regulations, health & safety regulations and road traffic regulations

must be strictly observed at all times.

Before start up and operation, ensure your working area is clear of people, animals

or any obstruction.

The trailing shoe is designed for distribution of slurry or water and should not be

used for any other purpose.

Never allow people on the trailing shoe while stationary or in transit

6

Hydraulic Circuit Safety

The hydraulic circuit operates at extremely high pressure; it could pierce the skin and

cause severe injury.

Hydraulic hoses need to be inspected regularly and any worn or damaged hoses

need to be replaced.

When connecting or disconnecting the trailing shoe pressure should be released

from both sides of the system - i.e. pressure relieved from the tractor female quick

release spool valve and on the male quick release hose connection.

In the event of leakage in the hydraulic system stop tractor oil flow immediately.

Slurry Handling Safety

When working with slurry extreme caution must be taken as slurry gases can kill.

Never agitate without adequate ventilation as slurry gas may linger. Keep all doors

open to allow dangerous gases escape quickly.

Keep all animals and people out of slatted houses when mixing slurry.

Keep all children and adults clear from the any area where slurry gases maybe

present.

Avoid naked flames around slurry as slurry gases can be flammable.

Maintenance safety

Only fit genuine Conor spare parts. The fitting of spurious parts may also render the

owner and user to be breach of the health & safety work regulations.

As a rule, stop the engine prior to carrying out maintenance, servicing, cleaning or

repair. Always remove ignition key.

The manufacturer will not be responsible for any damages or injuries caused by

unauthorised repair, alterations or by mishandling of the product.

When carrying out maintenance it is advised to put the trailing shoe arms in the down position. This will help relieve a build-up of back pressure from the slurry when opening the macerator.

Never carry out any maintenance on or open the macerator without referring to the

Vogelsang macerator manual.

Exercise extreme caution when servicing the macerator, turn off the tractor if

removing the macerator guard.

Opening the macerator incorrectly can cause irreparable damage.

If removing or replacing slurry outlet hoses from macerator ensure that they are

fitted back on to the same outlets, refer to Fig. 4 for the 6.4m and Fig. 5, 7m

macerator on page 12/13.

7

Safety Stickers

Pinch point where arms pivot

Serial Number Plate:

(If trailing shoe sold separately)

8

Setting up the Trailing Shoe Before dispatch your trailing shoe will have gone through a thorough functionality checklist.

Below are the standard settings we prepare for and recommend.

One item that is crucial to the performance of the trailing shoe is setting up the

optimum oil flow from the tractor. The absolute maximum oil flow is 75 litres per

minute. If this is exceeded, it may damage the motor.

As on sticker on trailing shoe – from our experience we would recommend 35 litres

per minute as a nominal figure. In most applications, it gives satisfactory

performance. However, depending on factors such as on the liquidity or viscosity of

the slurry and performance of the tractor’s hydraulic pump, further adjustment may

be required to get optimum performance.

Inside the macerator there is a rotating drum and as it rotates it closes/opens the

different slurry outlet hoses. If the drum is rotating too fast it will not allow enough

pressurised slurry into the hose to give good distribution.

A good test to do is a short run with the tank empty in the yard. Set the tractor

engine to 1500rpm approx. and switch the macerator on. If the macerator is

frequently making a single “click” sound, this will tell you the oil flow from the

tractor is too fast and that “click” is making the macerator change direction of

rotation too frequently. The light “Macerator in Reverse” on the control switch bank

will flash on and off. Slow down the oil flow until this “click” stops. The correct

operation is after the macerator is running continuously for 1 minute or if the

macerator jams, it will by default automatically go into reverse. This is to prevent

wear on one side of the blade and to help the macerator clear itself of any

blockages. It is advised to minimise the running of the macerator when dry as the

blades may suffer and wear quicker. Vogelsang recommends not running the

macerator while dry for any more than 30 seconds.

The correct function of the spring (TS-0184-A) is to part the grass and the slurry to

fall into this divide. There should be an allowance made for sinkage due to soft

ground conditions while spreading the load. The recommended setting while on a

9

concrete floor or a flat yard, is the bottom of the spring should be at least 2”- 3”

(50mm-75mm) off the ground.

There are 3 different height settings on the spring, this will allow different heights be

achieved easily. If the height range achieved from this does not yield satisfactory

results, the height range of the whole trailing shoe unit can be altered by adjusting

the trailing shoe unit on the tank at different height at the rear of the tank. Rule one

of adjusting any height is that the air pressure in the tanks tyres are at the correct

setting.

Ensure the macerator stone trap is empty of items – a built up may block the

macerator.

Observe safety and maintenance stickers, greasing all pins and bushings, ensure all

bolts are tight and all hoses are securely fastened to macerator and socks.

Ensure all correct guards are on macerator.

Ensure the macerator has received proper maintenance as per Vogelsang’s

recommendations.

10

Operation Instructions

Use common sense and safety at all times while operating.

For ease of spreading and longevity of the macerator it is recommended that the

slurry is well agitated

Ensure the following hoses are securely fitted into the correct hydraulic spool valves

on tractor:

- Single acting hose for 6” gate valve

- Feed & Return hoses hydraulic diverter

- Hydraulic brake hose

Ensure the macerator stone trap is empty of items which may block the macerator

(stones, straw, silage, other solid items which may have got into slurry tank). It is

important that objects in the stone trap are emptied out as soon as possible. A build-

up of items in the stone trap could damage the macerator.

Please refer to Conor vacuum tank manual for correct connection, operation and

maintenance of tank.

Required pressure: To achieve a good average distribution, the pressure in the vacuum tank needs to be 0.2 bar. That means with low viscosity, you achieve a better average distribution with a higher flow rate.

When in the field go to start position and lower trailing shoe arms. To do so ensure

the 12 volt plug is correctly inserted (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1

11

Flick on Power switch bank.

Flick second switch to “Arms” (Fig. 2) and use tractor hydraulic spool valve control

lever to lower. Ensure the arms are completely down.

Fig. 2

Consider all factors (Slurry thickness, ground condition, inclines in field, tractor horse

power & tank volume to be spread) for appropriate gear selection and engine RPM

to achieve desired slurry application. Three thousand gallons of cattle slurry per acre

is recommended for application to silage ground, please check with your local farm

advisory service to optimise your slurry application / acre.

Put tractor into desired gear selection and hold in position

Ensure the vacuum pump is in the spread setting and engage PTO in 540RPM.

Raise tractor engine speed to optimum RPM

Turn on Macerator, by flicking into position (Fig. 3). This will lock the arms into

position.

12

Fig 3

Wait a few seconds for the pressure to build for equal application

Release tractor clutch to commence driving

Open 6” gate valve using single acting hydraulic spool

When the tank is empty, disengage the PTO and leave the 6” gate valve open for a

minimum of 10 seconds to relieve the tank of the vacuum pressure.

NEVER reverse when the arms are down and the springs are in contact with the

ground

Always lift the arms when turning at the headlands or taking sharp corners as this

will put the springs under severe strain and may break.

When tank is empty use switch bank and hydraulic control lever to raise arms into

transport position and return to slurry pit / slatted tank to refill.

13

Maintenance

See Vogelsang ExaCut operator’s manual for detailed operating maintenance of

macerator (included with this manual).

Warning! Only carry out maintenance and repair work on the ExaCut when the PTO

is switched off (or the motor of the spreading vehicle) and when the inflow and drain

hoses of the hydraulic motor are depressurised (valve in floating position)! This will help relieve a build-up of back pressure from the slurry when opening the

macerator. Never carry out any maintenance on or open the macerator without

referring to the Vogelsang macerator manual.

Exercise extreme caution when servicing the macerator particularly when removing

the guard as it could cause severe injury.

Check the stone trap regularly for solid items and as soon as they are detected,

empty the stone trap. A build-up of items in the stone trap could damage the

macerator.

If removing or replacing slurry outlet hoses from macerator ensure that they are

fitted back on to the same outlets, refer to Fig. 4 for the 6.4m (24 hose) and Fig. 5,

7m (30 hose) macerator

Fig. 4

14

mod_1 152 604 569 706 _48. d

Fig. 5

In addition to the Vogelsang operator’s manual, there is a video on Vogelsang’s Youtube

channel demonstrating the procedure to service the macerator. It demonstrates how to

preload the excentrics with the use of four R Clips and how to successfully remove them

when re assembling the macerator after service.

See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZAr3KFgLo8

15

Lubrication points

All greasing points should be greased weekly or every 50 working hours.

It is critical to lubricate the macerator’s before use.

It is equally important to grease the macerator’s if it is not going to be used for an

extended period of time. Failure to do so could result in the macerator’s components

seizing up and causing irreparable damage.

16

Trouble shooting – FAQ

In general, the most common problems experienced by operator’s are all linked to incorrect

oil flow to the macerator or blockages.

Malfunction Possible cause Action to be taken

ExaCut vibrates Rotor runs too slowly Check hydraulic settings

Rotor is clogged Clean macerator

Ventilation is blocked Clean, use water to flush out

Cutting force insufficient

Liquid manure flow rate excessive Slow down hyd. Pump

Cutting knives worn Replace knives

Pre tensioning part defective Replace pre tensioning parts

Cutting knives do not move Make cutting knives operational

Rotor runs too slowly Check hydraulic settings

Bad distribution

Rotor speed too high or too low Check hydraulic settings

Pressure in tank too low Check vacuum pump / tank / gate valve condition

Hoses mounted incorrectly See hose laying diagram in macerator manual

Fibrous matter under cutting knife Remove matter

Only a few hoses are fed with slurry Rotor blocked Reverse rotor several times

Remove blockage

Check hydraulic settings

Cover cannot be assembled

Macerator excentrics are not preloaded Preload excentrics

1630

3

1

36

75

2

628

27

4

2425

292626

2223

10

10

9

21

21

8 1318

17

19

1413

12

20

19

3129

16

4

35

5

12

Conor Trailing Shoe Spare parts 6.4m

2

30

15

37

40

38

4139

43

ITEM N

O.

PART N

UMBER

DESC

RIPTION

ARM

S DO

WN

/QTY.

1TS-0400-A

Trailing Shoe Main Fram

e Centre

12

TS-0250-ATrailing Shoe RHS A

rm1

3TS-0320-A

Trailing Shoe LHS Arm

14

HY-6250-AHyd

raulic Cylind

er Trailing Shoe2

5TS-0300-B

Trailing shoe RHS assy1

6TS-0270-A

Trailing shoe centre section1

7TS-0350-B

Trailing shoe LHS assy1

8A

A-0208-A

Ø30m

m X 230m

m Pin A

ssy1

9A

A-0209-A

D25 x 78m

m Pin A

ssy2

10PC

-2615-AØ

20mm

X 73mm

Pin Assy

611

AA

-0208-AØ

30mm

X 230mm

Pin Assy

112

TS-0184-ASpring ec tr. shoe 560m

m24

13FS-1026-A

M10 x 25m

m Set Screw

7414

FS-8102-AM

10 Washer

14415

TS-0200-AM

acherator - 6.4m 24 hose

116

TS-0190-ATrailing Shoe Sock

2417

AA

-0802-ATS Rubber Boot

2418

AA

-0851-AJubilee C

lip 30mm

- 45mm

5319

AA

-0852-AJubilee C

lip 39mm

- 60mm

2420

FS-1030-AM

10 x 30mm

Bolt8

21A

A-0030-A

1/2" Tow C

hain 6 links2

22A

A-0001-A

D Shackle Ø

16mm

423

AA

-0803-A6" Lay Flat Hose

124

AA

-0210-AD

25 x 100mm

Pin2

25A

A-0207-A

Linch Pin 11mm

226

HY-0074-A3/8" D

owty W

asher4

27HY-0002-A

3/8" M-M

Ad

aptor4

28A

A-0853-A

Hose Clip 149m

m - 161m

m1

29TS-0222-A

Trailing Shoe mounting plate

230

AA

-0031-A38m

m Hose 6.4m

TS1

31TS-2002-A

6" Lay Flat Plate1

32FS-6101-A

M10 Locknut

8233

AA

-0021-ARubber Buffer C

ut & Tie, 50x21

234

AA

-0011-ATop Link C

at. 0 (7 1/2 Tube)2

35FS-1614-A

M16 X 100m

m Bolt

236

FS-1680-AM

16 X 80mm

Bolt2

37FS-8160-A

M14 W

ASHER

838

FS-6161-AM

16 Lock Nut

439

FS-6201-ABLT111

840

FS-2060-AM

20 X 60mm

Bolt8

35

52

13

36

7

6

ITEM NO. PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY1 TS-0400-A Trailing Shoe Main Frame Centre 12 TS-0250-A Trailing Shoe RHS Arm 13 TS-0320-A Trailing Shoe LHS Arm 14 HY-6250-A Hydraulic Cylinder Trailing Shoe 25 TS-0300-B Trailing shoe RHS assy 16 TS-0270-A Trailing shoe centre section 17 TS-0350-B Trailing shoe LHS assy 18 AA-0208-A D30mm X 230mm Pin Assy 29 AA-0209-A D25 x 78mm Pin Assy 2

10 PC-2615-A D20mm X 73mm Pin Assy 612 TS-0184-A Spring ec tr. shoe 560mm 2413 FS-1026-A M10 x 25mm Set Screw 7414 FS-8102-A M10 Washer 14415 FS-6101-A M10 Lock Nut 8016 TS-3200-A Exacut macerator ECL24 DN40 117 TS-0190-A Trailing Shoe Sock 2418 AA-0802-A TS Rubber Boot 2419 AA-0851-A Jubilee Clip 30mm - 45mm 5320 AA-0852-A Jubilee Clip 40mm - 60mm 2421 FS-1030-A M10 x 30mm Set Screw 822 AA-0030-A Chain 1/2" 20mm ID (6mtr roll) 6 Links23 AA-0001-A D Shackle Ø16mm 424 AA-0803-A Layflat Hose Jamaica Blue 6" 125 AA-0210-A Flat head pin 25.4x96 11H 226 AA-0007-A Linch Pin 11mm 227 HY-0074-A 3/8" Dowty Washer 428 HY-0002-A 3/8" M-M Adaptor 429 AA-0853-A Hose Clip 149mm - 161mm 130 AA-0031-A 38mm Hose 131 TS-2002-A Plate for 6" Lay Flat Hose 135 TS-0370-A Trailing Shoe RHS Extension 6.4m 136 TS-0360-A Trailing Shoe LHS Extension 6.4m 137 AA-0021-A Rubber Buffer Cut & Tie, 50x21 238 AA-0011-A Top Link Cat. 0 (7 1/2 Tube) 2

* AA-0035-A Top Link Cat 1 (16" tube) blue 239 FS-1614-A M16 X 100mm Bolt 240 FS-1680-A M16 X 80mm Bolt 241 FS-8160-A M16 Washer 842 FS-6161-A M16 Lock Nut 443 FS-2060-A M20 X 60mm Bolt 8

Conor Trailing Shoe Spare parts 6.4m

2923

1

4

31

2726

28

4

3

3435

2120

2

18

19

1516

5

17

14

4

5

3 7

11

71213

32

8

10

12

2422

29

2

23

30

Conor Trailing Shoe Spare parts 7m

262389

32

33

40

39

4138

ITEM N

O.

PART N

UMBER

DESC

RIPTION

ARM

S DO

WN

/QTY.

1TS-0400-A

Trailing Shoe Main Fram

e Centre

12

HY-6250-AHyd

raulic Cylind

er Trailing Shoe2

3A

A-0208-A

Ø30m

m X 230m

m Pin A

ssy1

4A

A-0209-A

D25 x 78m

m Pin A

ssy2

5PC

-2615-AØ

20mm

X 73mm

Pin Assy

67

FS-1025-AM

10 x 25mm

Bolt92

8FS-8102-A

M10 W

asher180

9FS-6100-A

M10 N

ut98

10TS-0190-A

Trailing Shoe Sock30

11A

A-0802-A

TS Rubber Boot30

12A

A-0851-A

Jubilee Clip 30m

m - 45m

m59

13A

A-0852-A

Jubilee Clip 39m

m - 60m

m30

14FS-1030-A

M10 x 30m

m Bolt

815

AA

-0033-A1/2" Tow

Chain 7 Links

216

AA

-0001-AD

Shackle Ø16m

m4

17A

A-0803-A

6" Lay Flat Hose1

18A

A-0210-A

D25 x 100m

m Pin

219

AA

-0207-ALinch Pin 11m

m2

20HY-0074-A

3/8" Dow

ty Washer

421

HY-0002-A3/8" M

-M A

daptor

422

AA

-0853-AJubilee C

lip 149mm

- 161mm

123

AA

-0032-A38m

m Hose for 7m

TS1

24TS-2002-A

6" Lay Flat Plate1

25FS-6101-A

M10 Locknut

226

TS-0290-BTS O

uter Arm

LHS 7m1

27TS-0280-B

TS Outer A

rm RHS 7m

128

TS-0275-ATrailing shoe centre section 7m

129

TS-3250-AM

acherator - 7m 30 hose

130

AA

-0021-ARubber Buffer C

ut & Tie, 50x21

231

M20 X 60M

M BO

LTBLT068

832

FS-6201-ABLT111

833

FS-6161-AM

16 Lock Nut

434

FS-8160-AM

14 WA

SHER7

35FS-1680-A

M16 X 80m

m Bolt

236

FS-1614-AM

16 X 100mm

Bolt2

37A

A-0011-A

Top Link Cat. 0 (7 1/2 Tube)

2

31

27 35 1

28

34

30

26

ITEM NO. PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY.1 TS-0400-A Trailing Shoe Main Frame Centre 12 HY-6250-A Hydraulic Cylinder Trailing Shoe 23 AA-0208-A Ø30mm X 230mm Pin Assy 24 AA-0209-A D25 x 78mm Pin Assy 25 PC-2615-A Ø20mm X 73mm Pin Assy 67 FS-1026-A M10 x 25mm Set Screw 928 FS-8102-A M10 Washer 1809 FS-6101-A M10 Lock Nut 9810 TS-0190-A Trailing Shoe Sock 3011 AA-0802-A TS Rubber Boot 3012 AA-0851-A Jubilee Clip 30mm - 45mm 5913 AA-0852-A Jubilee Clip 40mm - 60mm 3014 FS-1030-A M10 x 30mm Set Screw 815 AA-0030-A Chain 1/2" 20mm ID 7 Links16 AA-0001-A D Shackle Ø16mm 417 AA-0803-A Layflat hose Jamaica Blue 6" 118 AA-0210-A Flat head pin 25.4x96 11H 219 AA-0007-A Linch Pin 11mm 220 HY-0074-A 3/8" Dowty Washer 421 HY-0002-A 3/8" M-M Adaptor 422 AA-0853-A Hose Clip 149mm - 161mm 123 AA-0031-A 38mm Hose 124 TS-2002-A 6" Lay Flat Plate 126 TS-0290-B TS Outer Arm RHS 7m 127 TS-0280-B TS Outer Arm LHS 7m 128 TS-0275-A Trailing shoe centre section 7m 129 TS-3250-A Exacut macerator ECL30 DN40 130 TS-0390-A Trailing Shoe Extension RHS 7m 131 TS-0380-A Trailing Shoe Extension LHS 7m 132 TS-0184-A Spring ec tr. shoe 560mm 3033 AA-0021-A Rubber Buffer Cut & Tie, 50x21 234 TS-0295-A TS Outer Arm Bar RHS 7m 135 TS-0285-A TS Outer Arm Bar LHS 7m 137 FS-6161-A M16 Lock Nut 438 FS-8160-A M16 Washer 739 FS-1680-A M16 X 80mm Bolt 240 FS-1614-A M16 X 100mm Bolt 241 AA-0011-A Top Link Cat. 0 (7 1/2 Tube) 2

* AA-0035-A Top Link Cat 1 (16" tube) Blue 2

Conor Trailing Shoe Spare parts 7 m

99

5

P1

P2C2 C3

C1

C4

Arms

10

Power

2

Macerator Forward

Macerator Reverse

1

33

4

Allen Head keyvisible from this side 8

76

6

11

11

12

12

11

11

1111

18

17

1414

19

20

19

19

20

PT

3

13

15

16 16

19

19 19 19

19 1919

Trailing Shoe Hydraulic Circuit

Item No. Part No. Description Qty1 TS-3200-A / TS-3250-A Macerator - 6.4m / 7m 12 HY-0502-A Solenoid V chest Cetop3 Tr shoe 13 HY-0105-A 1/2" Bulkhead M-M c/w Locknut 14 HY-0504-A 1/2" Check Valve 0.5 Bar 15 HY-0501-A T. Shoe 1/2" 6 Port Diverter Valve 16 HY-0040-A 1/2' Male Quick Release Coupling 27 HY-0076-A Dust Cover for QR 1/2" Red 18 HY-0075-A Dust Cover for QR 1/2" Blue 19 HY-6250-A Ram Trailing Shoe 2

10 HY-0503-A Pressure switch15-150 bar 111 HY-0008-A 1/2" - 1/2" M- M Adaptor 612 HY-0011-A 1/2" to 3/8"" M-M Reducer 213 HY-0002-A 3/8" M-M Adaptor 214 HY-0107-A 3/8 Male/Male 0.5mm Restrictor 215 HY-0056-A 3/8" M-F-M Tee Fitting 216 HY-0074-A 3/8" Dowty seal 417 HY-0049-A 1/4" M - F Adaptor 118 HY-0106-A 1/4" 90° M-F Fitting 119 HY-0007-A 1/2" Dowty Washer 1720 HY-0041-A 1/4" Dowty washer 2

Trailing Shoe Hydraulic Circuit

5

6

8

6

7

3

4

1

2

Trailing Shoe Electrical Components

Item No. Part No. Description Qty1 AA-0431-A Retaining booth for switch 42 AA-0432-A Plug male trailing shoe kit 13 AA-0433-A Socket for tr shoe control box 14 AA-0429-A Switch for control box 45 AA-0440-A Trailing Shoe Junction box Assy 16 AA-0414-A Plug 12V LED wiring loom 37 AA-0450-A Control box for Trailing shoe 18 AA-0428-A Plug Solenoid RDS 2.1m cable (Pressure Switch) 1

Trailing Shoe Electrical Components