ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced...

20
20 pages N14/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX Wednesday 5 November 2014 (morning) ECONOMICS HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your session number in the boxes above. You are permitted access to a calculator for this paper. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer two questions in the boxes provided. Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must be given exactly or correct to two decimal places. You must show all your working. The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks]. © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 1 hour Candidate session number Examination code 8 8 1 4 5 1 0 7 20EP01 88145107

Transcript of ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced...

Page 1: ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2.

20 pages

N14/3/ECONO/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

Wednesday 5 November 2014 (morning)

ECONOMICS

HIGHER LEVEL

PAPER 3

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your session number in the boxes above.

• You are permitted access to a calculator for this paper.

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

• Answer two questions in the boxes provided.

• Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must be given exactly or correct

to two decimal places.

• You must show all your working.

• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks].

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2014

1 hour

Candidate session number

Examination code

8 8 1 4 – 5 1 0 7

20EP01

88145107

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20EP02

Answer two questions. Each question is worth [25 marks]. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. The following table shows the amount of wheat and rice which could be produced in

Country A and Country B with a given quantity of labour. Assume that wheat and rice are the

only two products produced in these countries and that labour is the only resource necessary.

Country Wheat (kg) Rice (kg)

Country A 100 80

Country B 200 100

(a) From the data provided, calculate

(i) the opportunity cost of producing each kilogram of wheat in Country A; [1]

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(ii) the opportunity cost of producing each kilogram of rice in Country A; [1]

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(iii) the opportunity cost of producing each kilogram of wheat in Country B; [1]

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20EP03

(Question 1 continued)

(iv) the opportunity cost of producing each kilogram of rice in Country B. [1]

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(b) From your answers to part (a), identify which country holds a comparative advantage

(i) in wheat; [1]

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(ii) in rice. [1]

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20EP04

(Question 1 continued)

(c) On the axes below, draw the production possibility curves (PPC) for Country A and

Country B in the production of wheat and rice. [3]R

ice

(kg)

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Wheat (kg)

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20EP05

(Question 1 continued)

(d) With reference to the diagram in part (c) and/or the data given, explain the theory of

comparative advantage. [4]

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20EP06

(Question 1 continued)

Pri

ce o

f bu

tter

($ p

er k

g)

15

10

6

5

Sw

S

D

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Quantity of butter (000 kg per month)

(e) The diagram above represents the market for butter in Gondowa. Domestic supply

and demand curves are given by S and D, while butter can be imported at the world price

of $6/kg (Sw).

The government of Gondowa decides to grant a subsidy of $2 per kg to domestic

producers of butter.

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20EP07

(Question 1 continued)

(i) State the monthly volume of domestic production before the subsidy is granted. [1]

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(ii) State the monthly volume of imports before the subsidy is granted. [1]

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(iii) On the diagram, draw the new domestic supply curve for butter and label it S+s. [2]

(iv) Calculate the level of government spending required to finance this subsidy. [2]

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(v) Calculate the revenue earned by domestic producers of butter before the subsidy

is granted. [1]

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20EP08

(Question 1 continued)

(vi) Calculate the revenue earned by domestic producers of butter after the subsidy

is granted. [1]

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(f) Using your answers to part (e) and/or your knowledge of economics, explain two

disadvantages to Gondowa of the introduction of a subsidy on butter. [4]

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Page 9: ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2.

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20EP09

2. In the country of Zestria, the monthly demand for Good X is given by the function

DQ 420 30P= −

where QD is the quantity per month and P is the price per unit in dollars ($).

(a) From the equation, identify the slope of the demand function given above. [1]

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(b) Calculate the price at which the monthly quantity demanded would be

(i) 210 units; [2]

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(ii) 60 units. [2]

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20EP10

(Question 2 continued)

(c) (i) Label the axes on the following grid. [1]

(ii) Construct the demand curve for Good X on the following grid. [1]

25

20

15

10

5

100 200 300 400 500

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20EP11

(Question 2 continued)

(d) (i) Outline why the position of the demand curve will change if the demand function

changes to

DQ 500 30P.= − [2]

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(ii) Outline how the steepness of the demand curve will change if the demand function

changes to

DQ 420 40P.= − [2]

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20EP12

(Question 2 continued)

The following table provides data on the price and quantity demanded (per month) of three

goods in Zestria.

Good A Good B Good C

Price

($ per unit)

Quantity

demanded

Price

($ per unit)

Quantity

demanded

Price

($ per unit)

Quantity

demanded

January

20148 160 10 200 15 100

February

20146 220 10 190 15 150

(e) (i) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for Good A when its price falls between

January 2014 and February 2014. [2]

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(ii) Calculate the cross elasticity of demand between Good A and Good B when the

price of Good A falls between January 2014 and February 2014. [2]

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20EP13

(Question 2 continued)

(iii) Calculate the cross elasticity of demand between Good A and Good C when the

price of Good A falls between January 2014 and February 2014. [2]

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(f) Using your answers to part (e), explain the relationship between Good A and Good B,

and between Good A and Good C. [4]

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Page 14: ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2.

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20EP14

(Question 2 continued)

(g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for

Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2. The price elasticity of demand for Good K,

a manufactured good, is –2.3.

Explain two reasons why the demand for products such as Good K tends to be relatively

price elastic compared to the demand for products such as Good J. [4]

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Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.

Page 16: ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2.

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3. The following table shows 2012 data for Country X (all figures in billions* of dollars ($)).

Table 1

Variable $ (billions)

Consumption expenditure 125.6

Investment expenditure 33.9

Government expenditure 89.1

Tax revenue 55.4

Exports of goods and services 78.5

Imports of goods and services 48.7

Factor income paid (sent) abroad 22.3

Factor income earned (received from) abroad 29.6

(a) Explain the differences between GDP, green GDP and GNI. [4]

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* billion: one thousand million (1 000 000 000)

(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 3 continued)

(b) Using the data in Table 1,

(i) calculate the GDP of Country X for 2012. [2]

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(ii) calculate the GNI of Country X for 2012. [2]

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(iii) calculate the balance of trade in goods and services for Country X in 2012. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 3 continued)

The following table shows additional data for Country X.

Table 2

Year

Nominal

GDP

($ billions)

GDP

deflator

Real

GDP

($ billions)

Annual real

growth

rate (%)

Population

Real GDP

per capita

($)

2014 308.12 98.9 13 273 644

2015 321.99 100 13 340 012

2016 332.65 102.2 13 473 412

(c) (i) Using the data in Table 2 calculate the level of real GDP for Country X for 2014

to 2016. Enter your results in Table 2. [3]

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(ii) Outline the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 3 continued)

(d) Calculate the annual real growth rate for Country X for 2015 and 2016. Enter your

results in Table 2. [2]

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(e) Using the data in Table 2 calculate the real GDP per capita for Country X for 2014

to 2016. Enter your results in Table 2. [3]

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(This question continues on the following page)

Page 20: ECONOMICS Candidate session number HIGHER LEVEL PAPER 3 · (g) Good J and Good K are both produced in Zestria. The price elasticity of demand for Good J, a primary commodity, is –0.2.

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(Question 3 continued)

(f) Identify which of the three letters (A, B or C) on the following business cycle

diagram best describes the position of Country X in 2016. [1]R

eal

GD

P

A

C

B

Time

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(g) Explain two reasons why real GDP per capita may not be an accurate measure of living

standards in Country X. [4]

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