Economics and Civics Dictionary Project

By:

Imani Hodge

Table of Contents

• Slide 3- Goal 1• Slide 19- Goal 2• Slide 35- Goal 3• Slide 46- Goal 4• Slide 62- Goal 5• Slide 78- Goal 6• Slide 91- Goal 7• Slide 102- Goal 8• Slide 113- Goal 9• Slide 124- Goal 10

Absolute Monarchy

• A ruler who rules alone and is not restrained by laws

Anarchy

• A state that has no government or laws

Bacon’s Rebellion

• A popular revolt in colonial Virginia in 1676, led by Nathaniel Bacon

Bill of Rights

• A formal summary of rights for a group of people

Common Sense

• A sound or judgment that is not specialized by knowledge

Democracy

• Is a political government that is carried out directly to people

Dictatorship

• An autocratic control or leadership

Electoral College

• The body of electors who formally elected the president and vice president

Federalism

• A system of government in which two powers are divided between a central authority and a constituent political unit

Natural Rights

• Are rights that a person has by nature

Navigation Acts

• They were several acts of parliament to expand the trade limit in British colonies

Stamp Act

• A law passed by the British Parliament in 1765 and it required all publications and documents in the American colonies to use a tax stamp

The Albany Plan of Union

• It was a plan written by Benjamin Franklin in the year 1754

Townshend Acts

• A series of acts that were passed by the parliament of Great Britain

Virginia Plan

• It was a proposal by the Virginia delegates and it was drafted by James Madison

Bill

• An itemized list or statement of fees or charges

Censure

• An expression of a strong disapproval or harsh criticism

Delegated Powers

• They are expressed powers given to one branch of government by the Constitution

Executive Branch

• Article II made this Branch and the President of the United States is the head of this branch as well. He/she is also responsible for enforcing these laws

Filibuster

• It is the process or an instance of obstructing legislation by means of long speeches and other delaying tactics

Judicial Branch

• This branch has the federal court system and it was created by Article III

Law

• They represent crimes and punishments

Legislative Branch

• Article I established this branch (it was also known as congress). It has two houses, which are the House of Representatives, and the Senate. Their role is to make laws for the government.

Limited Government

• a type of government in which its functions and powers are prescribed

Patriot Act

• is a statute enacted by the United States Government that President George W. Bush signed into law

Popular Sovereignty

• a document in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people

Preamble

• A preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document that serves to explain its purpose

Treaty

• A formal agreement between two or more states

Veto

• The vested power or constitutional right of one branch or department of government

Whip

• To keep together, as members of a political party or hounds in a pack

Alderman

• A member of the municipal legislative body in a town or city in many jurisdictions

Annexation

• Where a city expands taking over previous areas

Checks and Balances

• Each branch of government has some control over the other two branches

Declaration of Rights

• It is apart of Article I

Disaster Relief

• The discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks

Governor

• The Chief Executive of a state in the United States

Local Act

• It can also be used as a law

Lottery

• They are used to assist in school funds

Mayor

• Serves as the chief executive officer

Townships

• They are smaller than cities

Activist

• The use of direct and confrontational action in opposition to or support of a cause

Arbitration

• The process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or group

Ballot

• A document listing the candidates that is used in voting

Campaign

• An operation energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose

Caucus

• A meeting of the local members of a political party

Civil Laws

• They are the body of laws of a state or nation dealing with the rights of private citizens

Delegates

• A representative of a territory in the US House of Representatives

Democrats

• One who believes in social equality or discounts distinctions in rank

Electoral College

• The body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice president

Lawsuit

• An action brought before court, as to recover a right or redress a grievance

Lobbyists

• Someone who is employed to persuade legislators to vote for legislation that favors the lobbyist's employer

Mediation

• A negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial party

Petition

• A formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

Republicans

• One of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party

Voting

• A choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each candidate

Appeal

• The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing

Appellate Jurisdiction

• The power of a court to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts

Concurrent Jurisdiction

• Two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case

Debate

• To engage in argument by discussing opposing points

Exclusive Jurisdiction

• One court has the power to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts

Filibuster

• A legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation

Forums

• A public meeting or assembly for a open discussion

Negotiation

• The involved parties or group resolve matters of dispute by holding discussions and coming to an agreement

Original Jurisdiction

• The authority held by a court to be the first court to hear a particular case

Perjury

• A criminal offense of making false statements under oath

Pocket Veto

• The President of the United States fails to sign a passed bill within ten days

Rider

• An attachment made to a document which amends the original document

Summons

• An official order requiring a person to attend court

Torts

• A body of law that addresses civil wrongs not arising out of contractual obligations

Verdict

• The findings of a jury on issues submitted to it for decision

Boot Camps

• A training camp for military recruits

Chamber of Commerce

• An association of businessmen to protect and promote business interests

Civil Laws

• These laws protect and regulate the personal rights of citizens

Criminal Laws

• Principles that refer to illegal acts that are prohibited by the state on force of fine or imprisonment

Declaration of Independence

• The proclamation made by the second American Continental Congress on July 4, 1776

Deterrence

• The act or process of discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by instilling fear

House Arrest

• People who are confined in their homes and can never leave that area

Justinian Codes

• The legal code of ancient Rome

Legal Codes

• Type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law

Recidivism

• Where a person does a crime over and over again

Rehabilitation

• The restoration of someone to a useful place in society

Retribution

• A justly deserved penalty

Assembly Line

• A type of machine that makes productivity faster and more organized

Economics

• The study of how individuals use limited resources

Fiscal Policy

• Some changes in public spending

Invisible Hand

• Something that Adam Smith came up with and made up free market capitalism

Karl Marx

• He is a German philosopher that had economic views

Keynesian Theory

• A theory that makes up an aggressive government

Law of Diminishing Returns

• A statement that if variable and fixed inputs are added up, the output amount decreases

Technology

• They are machines and also goes through some scientific breakthroughs

The Communist Manifesto

• A type of document that attacked capitalism

Wealth of Nations

• It is one of the most comprehensive defenses of free market economics

Command Economy

• It is where the government owns the means of production

Credit Union

• A cooperative depository financial institution whose members can obtain loans from their combined savings

Deflation

• A decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit

Labor Union

• An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

Market Economy

• It allows the producers and consumers to decide what is made for whom

Monopoly

• A right granted by a government giving exclusive control over a specified commercial activity

Oligopoly

• A market situation in which control over the supply of a commodity is held by a small number of producers

Partnership

• A contractual relationship between two or more persons carrying on a joint business venture

Small Business Administration

• The Government use this to help the sole proprietorship and the smaller partnerships

Traditional Economy

• People use this economy to make supplies from the past and to make what people need

Clean Air Act

• It was first enacted in 1970 and authorized the establishment of federal and state regulations that limited emissions, stationary, and mobile sources of air pollutants

Child Labor

• The full-time employment of children who are under a minimum legal age

European Union

• An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers

Fiscal Policy

• A government policy for dealing with the budget

Interest Rate

• The percentage of a sum of money charged for its use

National Debt

• The sum of all previously incurred annual federal deficits

Patriot Act

• It was passed by Congress as a response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Scarcity

• A small and inadequate amount

Taxation

• Governments finance their expenditure by imposing charges on citizens

World Bank

• An organization whose focus is on foreign exchange and the balance of trade

Acid Rain

• Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions

Civic Responsibilities

• The social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

Crime

• An act punishable by law

Individual Rights

• The sanction of independent action

Liberty

• The condition of being free from restriction or control

National Security

• The requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power

Prison Reform

• The attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system

Public Service

• Employment within a governmental system, especially within the civil service

Racism

• The prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races

Sexism

• Discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex