Economical factors in aviation Kpt. Ing. Michal BETKA Speaking Refresher for ATCs course 2013 1.
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Transcript of Economical factors in aviation Kpt. Ing. Michal BETKA Speaking Refresher for ATCs course 2013 1.
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Economical factors in aviation
Kpt. Ing. Michal BETKASpeaking Refresher for ATCs course
2013
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VocabularyIATA - International Air Transport Association - is an international industry
trade group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Canada, where the ICAO is also headquartered. The executive offices are at the Geneva Airport, Switzerland.
Aerial shipper - air transport company
Workforce productivity - is the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time
MTOW - maximum takeoff weight – weight of an aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits
Hedging – purchase fuel by the fixed price for longer time interval
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Economical factors:
• basic – unable to influence- Economic growth- Interest rates- Exchange rates- Inflations rate
• secondary - able to influence – much more important- Energy costs- Personal costs- Charges (tax)
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Aerial shipper costs (IATA 2004)
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15%
12%
8%
16%9%7%
12%
9%
5,6%7%
CostsGround handling
Crew
Passenger service
Ticketing+Promotion
Administrative
Fuel + Oil
Aircraft Cost
Maintanance
Traffic Services
Airport Services
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A. Personal costs
25 – 35% total costs
Great differences – (Europe up to 38%, Asia 18%)
Base of personal costs:
a) Income (Total company income : employee number)
b) Workforce productivity – chosen parameter (passangers, persons per kilometer, profit, etc.) : employee number
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Salary
Greater than base pay in each country
differences between country:
- pilots in EU 37%more than USA
- board staff in EU up to 58% more than USA
Workforce productivity
- In USA 45% greater than EU
From 1991 workforce productivity of european aerial companies is rising (AEA – Arlines European Association) – graph down
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Rising workforce productivity of european aerial companies
020406080
100120140160180200
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
seat
-kilo
met
er /
empl
oyee
77
Solution: increase workforce productivity, decrease personal Solution: increase workforce productivity, decrease personal costscosts
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B. Fuel costs
main book entry of total costs
great changes of price Up to 25% operating costs (80´s), In these days 7,5%.
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Solution:
Fuel charge
Hedging – purchase fuel by the fixed priceAdvantage – fixed price
x
disadvantage – loss ( price could be lower than actual exchange rate
Tanking – purchase fuel at airport with low price of fuel
Advantage – low price
x
disadvantage - refuel maximum amount
Others – e. g. using modern technology
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ChargesAir navigation services charges (terminal navigation charges, charges for the use of en-route navigation services)
Airport charges – (landing charges,
noisy tax, parking tax etc.) in Europe 12 - 40€/ for departing passanger, for transfer 1/3,
in USA 50 – 170 USD
-almost connected with MTOW
All charges are checked by Central Route Charges Office
- Transparency- Simplicity- Effectivity- Low operating costs – high payback
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Free of charge – MTOW 2 tons
– SAR
– flight for checking/verifying ground landing navigation aids
– aircraft returning due to weather, mechanical or radio failure to the aerodrome of departure
– flights of the Civil Aviation Authority
Solution
Optimalization
– planning (direct route, not use route with heavy traffic, minimum of ground movement, using economic cruise level)
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Fixed rate of route navigation services of members EUROCONTROL
99,27
79,6873,91 73,91 70
64,63 60,96
46,1536,56 36 33,06 30,22
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Fixed rate
1212AIC A 11/11
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Distance factor for international flight
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Thank you for attention
Questions ?
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