Economic Valuation of Bze Coastal Ecosystems_Nadia
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Transcript of Economic Valuation of Bze Coastal Ecosystems_Nadia
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystems: A Belize Case
Nadia Bood
World Wildlife Fund
“The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of
Nature” Symposium
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
$$$
Nature‘s Services to
Humanity
Economic Value
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
• Blessed with a high biological diversity that is critical to the nation’s stability.
• Home to 2nd largest barrier reef in the world.
• Fairly good expanse of mangroves.
BELIZE
Where coastal ecosystems are present, they can function as first-line buffers to storms.
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
NATURE’s VALUE
ECOSYSTEMS
Corals
Mangroves
Seagrasses
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Recreation
Coastal Protection
Fisheries
Coastal Protection
Recreation
Fisheries
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
• Stabilizing coastlines
• Storm protection
NATURE’s VALUE
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
• Nursery
• Food
• Recreation
• Biodiversity
NATURE’s VALUE
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Estimated contribution to the national economy:
The Economic Value of Coastal-marine Resources
Coral Reefs(US $)
Tourism 135 – 176M
Fisheries 13 – 14M
Protection 120 – 180M
Source: Cooper et al. 2009
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Estimated contribution to the national economy:
The Economic Value of Coastal-marine Resources
Mangroves(US $)
Tourism 60 - 78M
Fisheries 3 – 4M
Protection 111 – 167M
Source: Cooper et al. 2009
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Estimated contribution to the national economy:
The Economic Value of Coastal-marine Resources
Combined(US $)
Tourism 150 - 196M
Fisheries 14 – 16M
Protection 231 – 377M
TOTAL 395 – 559M
Source: Cooper et al. 2009
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Regional Analysis of Economic Value
Source: Arkema et al. 2015
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Climate & Ecosystem Services (local analysis)
Ocean temperature 2100
Global
mitigation
Global
Inaction
+1.5
degrees C
+3.0
degrees C
IPCC 4th Assessment, Working Group II, Table 13.7, Simpson et al., 2010
Sea level rise 2100
Global
mitigation
Global
Inaction
0.5 m 2 m
Simpson et al 2010,
IPCC 4th Assessment,
Parris et al., in press
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No Action
Integrated
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
ScenariosManagement scenarios
(climate adaptation options)
No Action Integrated Reactive
Clim
ate
scenarios
Glo
bal M
itig
ation
Glo
bal In
action
No change to habitats; 1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR
Mangrove restoration; Decrease in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR
Increase in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR
No change to habitats; 3+ C; 2 SLR
Mangrove restoration; Decrease in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass3+ C; 2 m SLR
Increase in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass3+ C; 2 m SLR
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Habitats matter for services
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Services & Climate
Adaptation (CBA)
So
urc
e:
Ark
em
a e
t al.
2014
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� Avoided re-nourishment cost
� Avoided property damages
� Avoided people displaced
NOT TO SCALE
Valuing coastal protection
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Costs – seawall implementation – overtopping models
What height does a seawall need to be to prevent flooding?
2 scenarios
• 0. 5 m SLR• 2 m SLR
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Costs – conservation and restoration of coastal habitats
Integrated
Implementation and maintenance
costs for mangrove restoration (per
300 m2)
Implementation Cost (US$)
Seedlings or
transplant
collection
3,000
Planting activity 12,000
sub total
implementation15,000
Maintenance (per
year)
Monitoring of
growth/status4,000
Replanting if
needed500
Community
outreach2,000
sub total
maintenance6,500
Overall Total 21,500
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Results
damages &
implementation
costs
Seawall
Implementation (per m
of seawall)
Cost (US $)
Construction $ 1,177.52
Additional costs per m
height over 1 m
11.78
Maintenance (full rebuild every 25
years)
Sources: Construction (pers. communication with Carla Maheia Hart, Managing Director MaheiasUnited Concrete & Supplies Ltd., Belize City, Belize. Linham et al, 2010, page 54.
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Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
Benefits• Spiny lobster• Tourism and recreation• Carbon storage and sequestration
Implementation &
Maintenance costs Damages from erosion
• Coastal protection
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Comparison of alternative climate adaptation scenarios
Global MitigationNo Action
Adaptation Scenarios
Integrated Reactive
NPV of total benefits $0.790 $1.300 $0.650
NPV Lobster fishing $0.008 $0.009 $0.006
NPV Tourism & recreation $0.782 $1.273 $0.702
NPV Carbon storage &
sequestration- $0.013 -$0.061
NPV of total implementation costs -$0.005 -$0.015 -$0.191
NPV of erosion damages from sea
level rise and storms-$2.517 -$2.556 -$2.005
Total NPV of all benefits, costs and
damages-$1.731 -$1.275 -$1.550
NPV compared to No Action
scenario- $0.456 billion $0.181 billion
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Comparison of alternative climate adaptation scenarios
No Action
Adaptation Scenarios
Integrated Reactive
NPV of total benefits $0.789 $1.293 $0.647
NPV Lobster fishing $0.007 $0.007 $0.005
NPV Tourism & recreation $0.782 $1.273 $0.702
NPV Carbon storage &
sequestration- $0.013 -$0.061
NPV of total implementation costs -$0.005 -$0.021 -$0.339
NPV of erosion damages from sea level
rise and storms-$3.59 -$3.66 -$2.82
Total NPV of all benefits, costs and
damages-$2.803 -$2.392 -$2.515
NPV compared to No Action scenario - $0.411 billion $0.288 billion
Global Inaction
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The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium
December 9th, 2015
Complex problems require a systematic approach
and collective action!
Collective action among government, communities,
conservation entities and civil society are needed to safeguard the services provided by coastal-marine
ecosystems.
THANK YOU!!!