Economic & Environmental Benefits of GNSS in Australia ... · 12/05/2010 · 7th SPAC Forum,...
Transcript of Economic & Environmental Benefits of GNSS in Australia ... · 12/05/2010 · 7th SPAC Forum,...
7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Chris Rizos
School of Surveying & Spatial Information Systems
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Economic & Environmental
Benefits of GNSS in Australia
& Expectations for the QZSS
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Chris Rizos
Vice President International
Association of Geodesy (IAG);
Member of the International GNSS
Service (IGS) Governing Board &
Executive;
Co-chair Steering Committee of Multi-
GNSS Asia (MGA)
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Contents
Australia… some statistics
Australia & GNSS… important applications
Benefits to Australia of High-Accuracy GNSS
Australia & “Next Generation GNSS”
Australia & QZSS
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Australia… some statistics
Population: approx. 22.3 million
Length of coastline: 59,736km
(mainland 35,877km)
Land area: 7,659,861km2 (approx. AAT
5.8Mkm2, EEZ 8.1Mkm2, ECS 2.5Mkm2)
Arable area: 6%
Agriculture + Mining: 8% of GDP
Japan is Australia’s No.1 destination for
exports, & 3rd largest source of imports
Australia’s GDP: 17th total (Japan 3rd)
26th per capita (Japan 33th)
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Australia… population distribution
65% live in
cities >100,000
87% live in cities >1,000
85% live within
50km of coast
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Australia… GNSS applications
Marine, land & air navigation/
positioning
Airborne & marine surveys
Precision agriculture
Mining & construction
Surveillance & border security
Emergency services
Geodesy, surveying & mapping
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Australia… context for GNSS
Highly urbanised society
Large, but sparsely populated country
Economically important agriculture & mining industries
GNSS machine guidance is the basis for many important
high-accuracy (real-time cm-accuracy) positioning
applications
Large land & marine area, and low & uneven population
density… significant challenges for CORS networks &
low-cost wireless communications
Australia will “see” all future GNSS/RNSS/SBAS
signals…
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Future Multi-GNSS: average satellite visibility…
Constellations: GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, IRNSS
Availability… from GPS to Multi-GNSS
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
GNSS machine guidance can be applied widely in the grain,
cotton, sugar and horticultural sectors of agriculture.
Using “control traffic farming” (RTK-GNSS).
Study findings:
– Annual Yields up 10%
– Fuel & oil costs reduced 52%
– Labour costs reduced 67%
An estimated 10-15% of grain
growers in Australia use GNSS
for machine guidance.
Economic Benefits of GNSS… Agriculture
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
In civil engineering, machine guidance delivers significant increases in productivity and improved on-site safety.
E.g. using GNSS machine guidance the Port of Brisbane Motorway was completed six months ahead of schedule (30% reduction in time required), with a 10% reduction in total project costs, 10% reduction in traffic management costs, and 40% reduction in lost time injuries.
Economic Benefits of GNSS… Construction
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
In open-cut mining, precise GNSS is used for a
variety of tasks including surveying, grading,
dozing, drilling, collision avoidance, and fleet
management.
Especially important for iron ore and coal
extraction and transport.
Productivity
increases are as
much as 30% by
adopting RTK-GNSS.
Economic Benefits of GNSS… Mining
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Benefits of High-Accuracy GNSS…
2008 study found productivity gains
with potential cumulative benefit
AUD$73 to $134 billion over next 20
years - in agriculture, construction
and mining alone.
Also, significant environmental
benefits, such as reduced carbon
footprint, through greatly improved
fuel efficiency.
“
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Significant proportion of the economic benefit from precise positioning comes from Fuel Savings:
– 52% less fuel in wheat farming
– 43% less fuel in road construction
Less Fuel = Less Carbon Footprint.
Australian
Wheat
Crop
Million
Ha
CO2-e
Kg/Ha Tonnes $/Tonne
Traded
Value
25 89 2,225,000 $20 $44,500,000
RTK-GNSS… reduced carbon footprint
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Allen Consulting
study also found that
a coordinated roll-out
of national network of
CORS would
increase total uptake
and rate of adoption.
Additional cumulative
benefit AUD$32 to
$58 billion to 2030.
“
GNSS Infrastructure… ad-hoc vs planned
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Australia… GNSS innovation & challenges Urban applications?… imported GNSS-based car/mobilephone
products augmented with local map/search “content”
Few “urban canyons” or steep terrain… GNSS availability not a significant issue for consumers, hence QZSS not critical
Economically important agriculture & mining sectors… local, worldclass product developers & system integrators
“RTK”-based machine guidance addresses the most important high-accuracy positioning applications
Australia will likely be “early adopters” of technology
Australia would be an excellent test site for “next gen” high-accuracy GNSS/RNSS/SBAS ground technologies
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Australia and QZSS
Early studies of GNSS signals & receiver designs
SBAS experiments for aviation
Wide-area DGNSS experiments for dm-level
accuracy services
Asia-Pacific regional engagement…
However, QZSS signals will not
provide much improvement in
navigation availability…
Caberra QZSS
monitor station
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Frequency Notes
L1-C/A1575.42MHz
Complete compatibility and interoperability
with existing & future modernised GPS
signals
Differential correction data, integrity flag,
ionospheric corrections
Almanac & health for other GNSS SVs
L1C
L2C 1227.6MHz
L51176.45MHz
L1-SAIF* 1575.42MHz Compatibility with GPS-SBAS
LEX
1278.75MHz
Experimental signal with higher data rate
message
Compatibility & interoperability with
Galileo E6 signal
* L1-SAIF: L1-Submeter-class Augmentation with
Integrity Function… Source: Kogure presentations
QZSS Broadcasts…
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7th SPAC Forum, Tokyo, Japan, 12 May 2010
Frequency Notes
L1-C/A1575.42MHz
Complete compatibility and interoperability
with existing & future modernised GPS
signals
Differential correction data, integrity flag,
ionospheric corrections
Almanac & health for other GNSS SVs
L1C
L2C 1227.6MHz
L51176.45MHz
L1-SAIF* 1575.42MHz Compatibility with GPS-SBAS
LEX
1278.75MHz
Experimental signal with higher data rate
message
Compatibility & interoperability with
Galileo E6 signal
* L1-SAIF: L1-Submeter-class Augmentation with
Integrity Function… Source: Kogure presentations
QZSS Broadcasts… frequencies & signals
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Frequency Notes
L1-C/A1575.42MHz
Complete compatibility and interoperability
with existing & future modernised GPS
signals
Differential correction data, integrity flag,
ionospheric corrections
Almanac & health for other GNSS SVs
L1C
L2C 1227.6MHz
L51176.45MHz
L1-SAIF* 1575.42MHz Compatibility with GPS-SBAS
LEX
1278.75MHz
Experimental signal with higher data rate
message
Compatibility & interoperability with
Galileo E6 signal
* L1-SAIF: L1-Submeter-class Augmentation with
Integrity Function… Source: Kogure presentations
QZSS Broadcasts… DGNSS data
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Concluding Remarks… Australia will benefit in many ways from “next gen”
GNSS/RNSS/SBAS signals.
Significant economic & environmental benefits from GNSS –
primarily in agriculture, mining & construction.
HOWEVER:
Rapid and widespread adoption will bring further benefits.
The CORS infrastructure & UE will need to be upgraded.
Investigations into signals, algorithms & services are needed.
BUT:
QZSS provides an opportunity for an early start.
Australia is an ideal test site for high-accuracy GNSS &
will be an important participant of QZSS projects.
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