Economic and Cultural Revival
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Transcript of Economic and Cultural Revival
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Economic and Cultural Revival
The Crusades were a stepping stone in the cultural and technological advancement of
Western civilization.
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Agriculture
• New ___________________– More soil open for cultivating
• ________________ replaces ox yoke– Horses can now plow (faster)
• _______________________crop rotation – improved production
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Manorial system
• Feudalism– ___________________________between nobles
• Manorialism– __________________________between lords and
peasants
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The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors.
• Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights
• Peasants farmed manor fields
• Were given protection, plots of land to cultivate for selves
Lords, Peasants, and Serfs • Most peasants on
farm were serfs, tied to manor
• Not slaves, could not be sold away from manor
• But could not leave, marry without lord’s permission
Serfdom • Manors had some
free people who rented land from lord
• Others included landowning peasants, skilled workers like blacksmiths, millers
• Also had a priest for spiritual needs
Free People
The Manorial System
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• Most of manor’s land occupied by fields for crops, pastures for animals• Middle Ages farmers learned that leaving field empty for year improved soil• In time, practice developed into three-field crop rotation system
• One field planted in spring for fall harvest
• Another field planted in winter for spring harvest
• Third field remained unplanted for year
Rotation• Each manor included fortified
house for noble family, village for peasants, serfs
• Goal to make manor self-sufficient• Typical manor also included church,
mill, blacksmith
Small Village
A Typical Manor
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The Medieval Manor
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Peasant Household: Cycle of Labour
• Houses a single room: few windows and no chimney…little privacy
• August September- _______________• October – _____________________________• November – ________________________• Feb. March – ________________________• Summer – __________________________
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Feast Days Food and Drink
• Christmas, Easter and Pentecost• Saint’s days• Over 50 days of the year.• _____________(dark and heavy) and
___________(3 gallons)
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Trade• Rebirth of towns led to expansion of
trade, towns flourish.• _____________, _____________and
______________important Mediterranean trading towns– Silks and spices
• __________________– textiles– Center of trade in on north coast
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Banking
• Money economy arose out of __________________________________________________________________
• Led to growth of banking• Feudal lords become dependent on money,
serfs become able to ____________________• Decline in feudalism
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Growth of towns
• Towns grow up along __________________________
• _____________________________protected against marauding bandits (burg –German walled city)
• Narrow winding streets, no sanitation, dirty, noisy, thatched roofs fire prone, disease prone. (Black Death)
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Guilds
• _________________ guilds– Maintain local monopoly for members– Foreign traders restricted– Pricing uniform
• _________________ guilds– Regulated work of artisans– Price controls, advertising controls, standards of
quality
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Craft guilds
• ______________________– Worked for a master without pay to
learn craft• ____________________
– Works for pay under a master• Upon approval of masterpiece, could
become a master• __________________________
– Owned own shop and tools
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Rise of middle class
• Town (burg) leads to _______________________– Bourgeoisie– Burgher– burgesses
• towns people derived wealth not from the land; __________________________________________________________________
• Kings depend on middle class for loans and tax income
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Town government / feudal lords
• Urban dwellers lived outside the feudal system and resented paying taxes and services to lords
• Wanted their own government and laws• Feudal lords respond with
__________________________________________________________________________
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Town government
• Money economy gave towns income and independence from lords
• Italy – ___________________ led to independent city
states• Europe
– __________________granted by kings and nobles gave towns self government