Econ322 le1 geografie en ontw
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ECON322OntwikkelingsekonomieDevelopment Economics
OntwikkelingspatronePatterns of development
Geografie & OntwikkelingGeography & Development
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The key questions
• Why are some regions / countries rich and others poor?
• How persistent are the forces that shape prosperity?
• How important is geography?• What are the channels through which
geography influences development?
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Geografie is belangrik
• Diamond se storie: landbou, oos-wes, siektes
• Verklaar 44% van variasievan BBPpc – 64% as jy net na die ou wêreld kyk.
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Geography's influence via trade
• Ricardo vs. Smith• Market size and density drives trade (second-
nature geography)o The silk route vs. trans-Atlantic trade?
• Africa's landlockedness…
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Geografie se invloed via siektes
• BBP en afstand vanaf die ewenaar…• Malaria en ander siektes:
o Tap energie / produktiwiteit, perk fisieke ontwikkeling in, verminder IK!
• Maar goeie gesondheid → produktiwiteit, spare, investering → hoër BBP
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But geography is not destiny, it is only potential
• A head start matters, but first-nature geography is only important up to 1500.
• Stories of reversals of fortuneo St Domingue → Haiti
• How geography influenced institutions:o Geography, history, chance → extractive economic
institutions → extractive political institutions Elite does not want education, innovation, creative
destruction. They make policies to maintain power.
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Ons vraag:
• Wat was die rol van geografie in die ekonomiese ontwikkelingspad van Suid-Afrika?
• Hoe het geografie Suid-Afrikaanse instellings beïnvloed?