ECommerce Workshop Triangulation in Ethnography

University of TampereTriangulation

Department of Computer

Sciencesin Ethnography

e HATT j Ti i e-HATe-Business:Human

Aspect to Technology

Tarja TiainenPh.D. Research Professor

Technologye-Business

ContentUniversity of

Tampere

Content Ethnographical studies


Sciences

Ethnographical studies Multiple triangulation

Triangulation in data gathering Collaborative work

e HAT

Collaborative work Multiple disciplines and frameworks

L l d e-HATe-Business:Human


Lessons learned Conclusions TechnologyConclusions

24.6.2010 Tarja [email protected]

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Ethnographical StudyUniversity of

Tampere

g p y


Sciences

Villagers ICT use

LOCAL SITUATIONResearchers LOCAL SITUATION

Informants * telling

Researchers* interviews* participatory

observations

e HAT

telling (presentational data)

* actions(operational data)

observations* interpretations

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

(ope at o a data)

THEORETICALUNDERSTANDING TechnologyUNDERSTANDING


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The aim of ethnographical studyUniversity of

TampereDimensions:- Origin of concepts

d bl DISSENSUSDepartment of Computer

Sciences

and problems- Target of the study

DIALOGIC CRITICAL STUDIES

LOCAL / EMERGENT

ELITE / A PRIORI

STUDIES STUDIES

e HAT

INTERPRETIVESTUDIES

NORMATIVE STUDIES

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

CONSENSUSTechnology

Reference: Deetz S. (1996), Describing differences in approaches to organization science: Rethinking Burrell and Morgan legacy, Organizational Science 7(2): 191-207


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Organizational Science, 7(2): 191 207.

Principles for conducting and University of

Tampereevaluating interpretive field studies


Sciences Fundamental Principle of the Hermeneutic Circle Principle of Contextualizationp Principle of Interaction between the Researchers

and the Subjects

e HAT

Principle of Abstraction and Generalization Principle of Dialogical Reasoning

P i i l f M lti l I t t ti e-HATe-Business:Human


Principle of Multiple Interpretations Principle of Suspicion

TechnologyReference: Klein, H.K. and Myers, M.D. (1999) A Set of Principles

for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in Information Systems. MIS Quarterly 23(1): 67-94.


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Information Systems. MIS Quarterly 23(1): 67 94.

Multiple triangulationUniversity of

Tampere

Multiple triangulation Variation in


Sciences

Variation in Data Investigators Theories

e HAT

Methodologiese-HAT

e-Business:Human


Reference: Denzin, N.K (1975; first edition 1970), The Research Art The Theoretical Introduction to Sociological TechnologyThe Research Art. The Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago.


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Triangulation in data gatheringUniversity of

Tampere

Triangulation in data gathering Combination of various data gathering


Sciences

Combination of various data gathering techniquesChecking everything so that evidence does Checking everything, so that evidence does not rely on a single voiceT h i f ll h h

e HAT

To ensure that informants tell the truth eHAT used:

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

Official statistics and history Local newspapers and villages internet pages

Technologyp p g p g

Interviews (2003-2004; 60 interviews)


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Data gathering: interviewsUniversity of

Tampere

Data gathering: interviews Interview situation affects what people


Sciences

Interview situation affects what people say and how they say it.Expectations of what an interview Expectations of what an interview situation is

e HAT

Relationship between the interviewee and the informant

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

Research is not independent of people:both researchers and informants affect Technologyboth researchers and informants affect the process and the results


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Research group eHATUniversity of

Tampere

Research group eHATInformation system science:


Sciences

Tarja Minna Tero Tarja TainaTiainen Paakki Saarenp Katajamki Kaapu

e HAT

Tiainen Paakki Saarenp Katajamki Kaapu

Other back grounds: Cooperation with: e-HAT

e-Business:Human

Aspect to TechnologyTechnology

Kysti PennanenConsumer studies

Emma-Reetta KoivunenSocial and cultural anthropology

Deirdre HynesManchester Metropolitan University U K


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University, U.K.

Collaborative workUniversity of

Tampere

Collaborative work The researcher him-/herself is the most


Sciences

The researcher him-/herself is the most important scientific instrument usedProfessional bias lead ethnographers to see Professional bias lead ethnographers to see only those parts of social reality that makes sense in terms of earlier experiences

e HAT

sense in terms of earlier experiences Multiple investigators: alternative voices

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

TechnologyReference: Eriksen, T.H. (2001; first edition 1995), Small Places,

TechnologyBig Issues. An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. Pluto Press, London, UK.


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M lti l di i li University of Tampere

Multiple disciplines Department of Computer

Sciences Information systems: Human being in relation to ICT

Consumer studies:

e HAT

Consumer studies: Human being is a consumer and buyer

S i l th l e-HATe-Business:Human


Social anthropology: Human being is a member of a social group

Technologyg g p


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M lti l f k University of Tampere

Multiple frameworks Department of Computer

Sciences Technology shaping: Social shaping of technology (Bijker) Diffusion of innovations (Rogers)

e HAT

( g ) ICT domestication (Silverstone & Hirsch)

Gender & IT studies: e-HATe-Business:Human


Gender & IT studies: Gender as social construction (Gill & Grint)

Technology


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Lesson 1:University of

TampereImportance of writing


Sciences Presenting research results Constructing research results

Fieldnotes - individual for him/herself

e HAT

Working papers - individual for othersFinal papers cooperation possible e-HAT

e-Business:Human


Final papers - cooperation possible For memory of the work, process

Technology Knowledge warehouse


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TampereMembers personality


Sciences Individual researchers

i fi ld k i t i i b i in fieldwork: interviewing, observing in analysis: theoretical lens

e HAT

Researchers in teamsCooperation e-HAT

e-Business:Human


Cooperation Knowledge sharing

Technology


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TamperePlaces of collaboration


Sciences One geographical place

l ti tSOUTH

OSTROBOTHNIA a location at a map

Members actual

OSTROBOTHNIA

e HAT

place varied Cooperation via

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

ICT as e-mails and

videoconferencing Technologyvideoconferencing Marratech


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ConclusionUniversity of

Tampere

Conclusion The principle of multiple interpretations


Sciences

The principle of multiple interpretations1. consensus = finding the dominant view

Improves the quality as the basis for the shared view is thoroughly discussed by the researchers

e HAT

2. alternative voices = finding others views Multiple researchers and frameworks support

e-HATe-Business:

Human Aspect to

Technology

finding pf alternatives

The principle of suspicionTechnology

p p p For informants or researchers


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ECommerce Workshop Triangulation in Ethnography

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