Ecology Information

8/8/2019 Ecology Information

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5.1.1.Define habitat, species,

population, community, ecosystem and

ecology.

Habitat: The environment inwhich a species normally lives, or

the location of a living organism.

Species: a group of organismsthat can interbreed and produce

fertile offspring.


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ecology.Population: a group of

organisms of the same specieswho live in the same area at

the same time.

Community: a group of

populations living andinteracting with each other in

an area.


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ecology.

Ecosystem: a community and

its abiotic environment

Ecology: the study ofrelationships between livingorganisms and betweenorganisms and their environment.


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5.1.2.Distinguish between an

Autotroph and a Heterotroph

An autotroph is an organism

that makes its own food using

photosynthesis and

chemosynthesis.

A heterotroph is an organism

that assimilates energy from

living or recently killed

organisms.


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5.1.3. What is the Difference between

Consumers, Detritivores and

Saprotrophs

Consumers assimilate energy

by ingesting living or recently

killed organisms.

Detritivores assimilate energy

by ingesting dead and rotting

material.


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5.1.3. What is the Difference between

Consumers, Detritivores and

Saprotrophs

Saprotrophs are organisms

that act parasitic, feeding on

the organism by assimilating

energy from the nutrients it

obtains from the organism.


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5.1.4. Describe what is meant by a food

chain, giving three examples, each with at

least three linkages (four organisms)

A food Chain is a simple linear flow which shows

what eats what. It also shows where the

energy from the ingested organisms isassimilated to.


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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food

chain, giving three examples, each with at

least three linkages (four organisms)


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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a

food web.

A food web is a bigger food chain, in the sense

that it has more organisms. It is also more

detailed, as it shows organisms of different

trophic levels and what they eat.


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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a

food web.


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5.1.6.Define Trophic Level

A trophic level basically

tells you how high up an

organism is on a food

web.

Autotroph Producer Trophic Level 1

Heterotroph Primary

Consumer

Trophic Level 2

Heterotroph Secondary

Consumer

Trophic Level 3

Heterotroph Tertiary

Consumer

Trophic Level 4


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5.1.7. Deduce the trophic level of

organisms in a food chain and a food web.

TertiaryConsumer

Secondary Consumer

PrimaryConsumer

Producer


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5.1.8. Construct a food web containing up

to 10 organisms, using appropriate

information.


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5.1.9 State that light is the initial energy

source for almost all communities.


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5.1.10 Explain the energy flow in a

food chain.

The Producers gather energyfrom photosynthesis andchemosynthesis. When theyare consumed by primaryconsumers, that energy isassimilated by theconsumer. However, only10% of the energy isassimilated. When theprimary consumer is

ingested,10%

of thatenergy is assimilated by thesecondary consumer. Thisflow continues on fromorganism to organism.


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5.1.11 State that energy transformations

are never 100% efficient.


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5.1.12 Explain reasons for the shape

of pyramids of energy

Pyramids of energy show

the flow of energy as it

is assimilated from

organism to organism.Since only 10% of the

energy is assimilated

each time, this causes

the energy graph totake a pyramid shape.


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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves

ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled.

Energy is constantly arriving from the sun, which

is then transformed into different types of energy.

The remaining 90% of energy after an

assimilation due to ingestion becomes heatenergy. It is in this type of energy that energyleaves the ecosystem and eventually radiates to

space.

No new matter is created, but molecules arerecycled instead. Autotrophs convert inorganic

molecules into organic compounds.


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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves

ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled.


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5.1.14 State that saprotrophic bacteria and

fungi (decomposers) recycle nutrients.


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5.1.14.State that Saprotrophic

Bacteria and Fungi recycle Nutrients

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