TROPICAL ECOLOGY & CONSERVATION · tropical ecology & conservation
Ecology
description
Transcript of Ecology
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Ecology
By: Anthony Michielini
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What is ecology?
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• study of how organisms interact with each other and how they interact with their environment
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What is Individual organisms?
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• Smallest unit of study that ecologists concern themselves with.
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What are Species?
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• same type of organism that lives in the same place at the same time.
• capable of reproducing and producing fertile young
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What are Populations?
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• groups of the same species that may or may not interact with each other.
• Many different ways to divide up population
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What is Communities?
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• Groups of populations that are interacting with each other at any given day or any given time
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What is an Ecosystems
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• Lots of habitats in a generalized area put many ecosystems together and you get a biome.
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What’s a Biosphere?
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• All of the places on earth that living things survive, anywhere there is life would contribute to the biosphere
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What’s a Habitat?
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• Groups of communities all with very similar biotic and abiotic conditions
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What’s Abiotic Factors?
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• Non living things
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What’s Biotic Factors?
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• Living things
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What are producers(first Tropic level)?
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• Autotrophs - Producers, plants– Gets energy from the sun – most energy is found
here • Biggest level
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What are Primary Consumers(Second Tropic Level)?
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• First level consumer – herbivore • 90% of energy is lost as you move up the
pyramid
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What are Secondary Consumers(Third Tropic Level)?
– Carnivores or omnivores • 10% of energy is left over on this level
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Tertiary Consumer (Fourth Tropic Level)?
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– Carnivores of omnivores • 1% of energy is left over on this level for those
organisms to use
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What are Quandary Consumer(Fifth Tropic Level)?
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• Very little energy at this level • Usually rare to be at this level
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What is the difference from a food pyramid and a food web?
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• Food pyramid – like a chain with a specific order
• Food web – more complicated with different paths being followed
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What is a Decomposer?
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• Similar to saprobes • recycle nutrients back into the soil as they
consume the dead • EX: bacteria, mushrooms, and insects •
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What is an Autotroph?
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• An organism that makes its own food. • EX: plants and algae
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What is a Heterotroph?
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• organism that obtains its nutrients from other organisms.
• EX: humans, lions, and mushrooms
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What is a herbivore?
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• Something that only eats plants.
• EX: giraffe and elephant
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What is a Carnivore?
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• Organism that only eats meat • EX: lions, tigers, and bears
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What’s an omnivore?
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• Something that eats both meat and plants • EX: humans
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What is a saprobe?
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• A decomposer • Gets rid of remaining material when things die
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What is a scavenger?
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• Something that eats other dead organisms • EX: crow and hyena
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What is Amensalism?
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• organism benefits and kills the other organism • EX: Black walnut tree, penicillin
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What is Commensalism?
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• organism benefits and other in not harmed or benefited.
• EX: shark and a suckerfish
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What is Parasitism?
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• organism benefits, and the other is harmed • EX: ticks, fleas, leaches, tape worms • If it kills their host they lose their food source
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What is Mutualism?
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• organism get something good from the relationship
• EX: tick birds sitting on rhinos and eat the ticks. Birds have food, and the rhino is cleared of ticks
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What is Symbiosis?
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• Its between two or more organisms, and how they interact with each other .
•
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What are some limiting factors?
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• Food, water, money, and shelter.
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What is Density Dependent?
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• EX: food - more organisms you have the less food you have.
•
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What is Density Independent?
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• All are equally affected, does not matter how many people there are
• EX: earthquakes volcanic, eruptions etc.
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What is Competition between and among Species?
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• Competition between species – food, water, and shelter
• Among Species – same things(from above) and mates
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What is carry capacity?
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The maximum
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Fin