Ecological status of the River Tamiš in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management...

Ecological status of the River Tamiš in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management practices for maintaining and

enhancing the values of the River Tamiš Ivana TeodorovićUniversity of Novi SadFaculty of SciencesDept. Biology & Ecology

Workshop: Building Capacity – Supporting the Implementation of EU Nature Conservation LegislationZrenjanin, 27.10.10.

Integrated water resource management

Equitable use (including ecosystem as one of the users?)

Taking into account all possible aspects and viewpoints

UN Milenium Assessment 2005: concept of ecosystem goods and services – how to integrate into integrated water resource management?

Workshop: Building Capacity – Supporting the Implementation of EU Nature Conservation Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.

Water Framework Directive (WFD)

Modern Bible of water management Ultimate goal: good ecological & chemical status by

2015 Phylosophy: integrated management – catchment

approach River Basin Management Plans 2009 (first cycle),

iterations 2015 i 2021 Special focus on protected areas (water abstraction,

Natura sites)


Danube River Basin- DRBDMP

ICPDR (Danube Convention, Serbia ratified, WFD – not mandatory, but commitment) – based on Roof Report 2004

Plan contains: Identification of significant pressures: organic pollution, nutrients,

hazardous substances (priority and DRB specific priority), hydromorphological alterations)

Identification of HMWB Risk assessment (failure to achieve good status) Program of measures Horizontal and vertical integration with other EU policy and

legislation (Flood Directive, IPPC, Nitrate, Urban Waste Water, Bird, Habitat, Natura...)


www.tamisproject.net

Objectives

Analyses of physical, chemical and biological quality elements needed for integrated assessment of ecological and chemical status of the Srbian section of the River Tamis

Basis for integrated water management plans


Hydrology, hiydromorphology Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses

basic water quality parameters specific pollutants in water and sediment bioaccumulation in fish

Biological quality elements Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phyto,

zooplankton, bottom fauna, fish and macrophytes microbiology and chlorophyl a

Physical analysis (radioactivity) Water, sediment, fish

Project activities - defined by the ToR


Hydrology (1)

DRBDMP: Tamiš is an important Danube tributary (> 4000 km2), but not included into TNMN

Total length 395 km, Serbia 118 km Catchment 7500 km2, Serbia 1500 km2 In Serbia only 1 tributary - Brzava Width 50-70 m, depth up to 7 m Connected with DTD (Botoš) Slope 0.002-0.006 ‰ Discharge at the confluence with the

River Danube 50 m3/s 3 weirs, 1 ship lock


Hydrology (2)

Tomaševac N 45º 17,697“, E 20º 38,539“0-2 cm

30 cm25 cm

Farkaždin N 45º 11,045“ , E 20º 28,916“0-5 cm

5-10 cm15 cm

PančevoN 44º 52,635“, E 20º 37,789“,

5-10cm

40 cm 60 cm


Hydrology (3)

Organic matter content2.1 – 8.2 %


Hydromorphology (1)

Broj deonice LON_EX LAT_EX ALT_EX LAT LON

1 20,8487 45,4288 73,0000 +45.4287540 +20.8486787

2 20,6267 45,2841 75,0000 +45.2841115 +20.6267497

3 20,6360 44,8563 71,0000 +44.8563283 +20.6360122

4 20,7728 45,3578 74,0000 +45.3577500 +20.7727501

5 20,4830 45,1853 73,0000 +45.1852500 +20.4830278

6 20,4190 45,0823 71,0000 +45.0823333 +20.4189723


Hydromorphology (2)

RHS report – based on two indices: Habitat Quality Assessment - HQA - describes the diversity of

river habitats and objects Hydromorphological modification - HMS - occurrence,

frequency and importance of modifications in the river bed / indicates the level of anthropogenic alterations

HMC HMC Description HMS Score

1 Pristine/semi-natural 0-16

2 Predominantly unmodified 17-199

3 Obviously modified 200-499

4 Significantly modified 500-1399

5 Severely modified 1400+


Tamiš HMS score

555

200

760

310

535

1395

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

RHS 1 RHS 2 RHS 3 RHS 4 RHS 5 RHS 6RHS deonice

HMS

Hydromorphology (3)

Tamiš HQA score

53 50

35

44

71

38

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

RHS 1 RHS 2 RHS 3 RHS 4 RHS 5 RHS 6RHS deonice

HQA


The Rive

r Tamis

is being eva

luated as medium to

signific

antly m

odified w

ater body (

HMC class

es 3 and 4)

In spite

of all r

iver re

gulations u

ndertake

n in th

e past,

the Rive

r Tamis

can st

ill be re

garded as a w

ater body o

f high habita

t potentia

l and dive

rsity.

Implementatio

n of the adaptiv

e management m

ight decre

ase H

MC for a

n order of m

agnitude

Water chemistry - Basic water quality parameters


Water quality

at Jaša Tomić generally good (I

– II class)

At the sampling site

upstream th

e city of Pančevo, a

ll water q

uality parameters

exceed the natio

nal enviro

nmental standards set for I-

II class as well a

s ICPDR ta

rget values

Water chemistry- Water quality (2): nutrients


Concentrations of nitrates and orthophosphate

exceed III-IV and V class, respectively

Water chemistry - Metals in water


Content of Cd, Pb, Hg and As within I/II class values

Water chemistrySpecific organic pollutants in water

PAH benzo(b)fluoranthen, benzo(k)fluoranthen and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (priority

pollutants) and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene i phenanthrene, were detected in concentrations above the practical quantisation limits.

Concentrations of Benzo(b)- and benzo(k)fluoranthene remain below 15 ng/l - EU environmental quality standard

Sum of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene - 15 ng/l –comparison with EU regulation not possible as it is set for the sum of benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

Phenanthrene – along the river in spring and summer up to 12 ng/l. Te rest of PAHs <2,0 ng/l and/or <0,8 ng/l According to national regulations, content of PAHs remains within the limits of water

class I-II Organochlorine pesticids

Heptachlorepoxside is the only organochlorine pesticide detected (Jabuka, autumn) 8,76 ng/l far bellow I/II class values (18 µg/l) set by national regulations

All other pesticide <5,0 ng/l and /or <2,0 ng/l


According to contents of PAHs, organochlorine pesticids and PCBs

water of the river Tamiš can be classified as I/II class

Sediment qualityMetals in sediments


As regard to

contamination by hazardous substances, s

ediment q

uality is

generally good

Sediment qualityMineral oils


Corrected mineral oil content (mg/kg)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

S D S D S D S D S D S D S D S D S D

Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Spring

Jaša Tomić - Sečanj Jabuka Before dam at Pančevo

Mean

Mineral o

ils – th

e highest load at th

e samplin

g site Ja

sa Tomić-

Sečanj –

class 3

In samples f

rom other two si

tes remains w

ithin class 2 – slig

htly contaminated

Sediment quality - PAHs


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

S D S D S D S D S D S D S D S D S D

Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Spring Summer Autumn Spring

Jaša Tomić - Sečanj Jabuka Before dam at Pančevo

Sum of PAHs (µg/kg)

Sediment not contaminated with PAHs

Sediment qualityOrganochlorine pesticides and PCBs


Organochlorine pesticides - mainly class 0 and 1

Sediment not contaminated with PCBs

(Eco)toxicology Metals in edible fish tissue


No human health risk

(Eco)toxicology PAHs in edible fish tissue



(Eco)toxicology PCBs and organochlorine pesticidesin edible fish tissue



Physical analyses (1) Radionuclides in water


radionuclides were not detected in the tested samples

Physical analyses (2) Radionuclides in sediments

Dalmacija, B., Prica, M., Ivančev – Tumbas, I., van der Kooij, A., Roncevic, S., Krcmar, D., Bikit, I, Teodorovic, I. (2006). Pollution of the Begej Canal sediment – metals, radioactivity and toxicity assessment. Environment International, 32, 606 – 615.


The measured ra

dioactivity didn’t deviate fro

m usual values fo

r agric

ultural s

oil in Vojvodina

No indicatio

n for th

e presence of depleted uranium

Physical analyses (3) Radionuclides in biota

Sečanj babuška – 9 uzoraka

uzorak 111-114 115-119

radionuklid Aktivnost [Bq/kg]40K 64±18 63±15

226Ra < 6 < 5232Th < 6 < 5238U < 19 < 19

137Cs < 3 < 3

B. Despotovac babuška – 14 uzoraka

uzorak 231-234 235-239 2310-2314

radionuklid Aktivnost [Bq/kg]40K 46±15 66±18 68±16

226Ra 1.8±0.9 < 7 < 6232Th < 2.0 < 6 < 5238U < 20 < 19 < 19

137Cs < 2.8 < 2.9 < 2.7Opovo babuška – 6 uzoraka

radionuklid Aktivnost [Bq/kg]40K 73±16

226Ra < 6232Th < 5238U < 17

137Cs < 2.5


Physical analyses (4) Radionuclides in biota

Sečanj smuđ – 9 uzoraka

uzorak 111-114 115-119

radionuklid Aktivnost [Bq/kg]40K 64±18 63±15

226Ra < 6 < 5232Th < 6 < 5238U < 19 < 19

137Cs < 3 < 3

Sečanj som – 5 uzoraka

radionuklid Aktivnost [Bq/kg]40K 67±15

226Ra < 5232Th < 5238U < 16

137Cs < 2.8



Biological quality elements - Vegetation (1)

The wetland and freshwater vegetation of Panonian basin, predetermined by potential natural vegetation type of Salici-Populetum, has been changed recently due to the irrigation and human pressure

Intrazonal submersed plant community: Ceratophylletum demersi and Myriophyllo-Potametum

Submersed invasive species such as Elodea Canadensis and Vallisneria spiralis overabundant submersed vegetation is typically the result of introduction of invasive species which out-compete native plants, and grow unchecked by authentic herbivores or parasites.

Floating vegetation is represented with a pioneer community Salivinio-Spirodeletum polyrrizae and typical Nymphaetum albo-lutae and Hydrochari nimphoidetum peltatae fragments.

typical Phragmitetea species are present with a somewhat similar presence level. Within this group association of emerged vegetation of reed in stagnant and slow-flowing waters Scirpo–Phragmitetum is dominating.

Serbian Red List taxa Trapa nattans agg and Nymphae alba give a significant natural relevance to the researched area


Biological quality elements Vegetation (2)

1

2

3

4

5

678

9

First CA axis

Second CA axis

1 2 6 7 8 9 3 4 5

0,20

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,00

Heterogeneity ( Chord distance)

Classif ication method (UPGMA )


Biological quality elements Vegetation (3)

L-deonice Specijsko bogatstvo Shannon-Wiener Hill 05

1 4 1,386 4,

2 6 1,723 5,792

3 8 1,99 7,657

4 7 1,909 6,867

5 6 1,694 5,711

6 15 2,642 14,498

7 17 2,771 16,49

8 16 2,715 15,559

9 15 2,662 14,671


Corine – 11 habitat typesEUNIS classification: 48 habitat types

Biological quality elements Vegetation + habitats (4)

1 234

56

7

89

First CCA axis

Second CCA axis

HQA score

HM Score

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 8

First CCA axis

Second CCA axis

HQA score

HM ScoreWith L stretch Without L

1

2

3

45

678

9First CCA axis

Second CCA axis

HQA score

HM Score

Presence of invasive alien species

1

23

4

567

89

First CCA axis

Second CCA axis

Geology

Pedology LB

Pedology RB1

2

34

5

67

89

First CCA axis

Second CCA axis

Shannon-Wiener

Geology

Pedology LBPedology RB


Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (1)


Bacillariophyta58%

Euglenophyta11%

Chlorophyta25%

Cyanobacteria 3%

Chrysophyta3%

Spring: 36 taxa, 5 classes

Bacillariophyta42%

Chlorophyta29%

Cyanobacteria 3%

Chrysophyta5%

Pyrrhophyta3%

Euglenophyta18%

Autumn – 40 taxa, 6 classes

Cyanobacteria 4%

Bacillariophyta37%

Chlorophyta42%

Pyrrhophyta4%Euglenophyta

13%

Summer: 56 species, 5 classes

Saprobic index: beta-mezosaprobic type eg. II water quality class

Biological quality elements Phytoplankton (2)

Chlorophyll a (mg/m3)


Jaša Tomić Sečanj Tomaševac Farkaždin Opovo Pančevo

Summer 12.8 38.5 25.0 15.9 18.2 15.9

Autumn < 1 3.6 < 1 1.2 7.1 < 1

Spring 2.4 3.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 1.2

Trophic state MT MEU MEU MT MT MT

Proposal MLIM expert group of ICPDR

I II I I I I

Biological quality elements Zooplankton (1)

Zooplankton community is underdeveloped, which particularly stands for euriplanktonic species.

Among the registered taxa, the majority belong to phytophylic species. The communities, regardless of sampling site and the season, are

dominated by the group Rotatoria. Group Cladocera is represented by phytophylic species only. Within the group Copepoda only larval stages nauplius and copepodit

have been recorded


Biological quality elements Zooplankton (2)

Saprobic index ranged from oligo to β mezosaprobic. Such a low values are most probably caused by the

dominance of phytophylic species which individual saprobic value proved inadequate for such types of water bodies. Therefore, it could be speculated that the real saprobic status might be considerably higher.


Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (1)

Amphipoda3%

Isopoda3%

Turbellaria3%Hirudinea

3%Oligochaetae

36%

Gastropoda11%

Bivalvia8%

Ephemeroptera3%

Trichoptera3%

Odonata19%

Diptera8%

11 groups of aquatic macroinvertebratesGroup Oligochaeta - 13 species; Djukić et al, 1987 - 6 oligochaeta species


Biological quality elements - Bottom fauna (2)

Jaša Tomić: in total 5 groups: Bivalvia, Oligochaeta, Diptera, Odonata i Trichoptera

Sečanj: in total 3 groups Bivalvia, Oligochaeta i Diptera Tomaševac: in total 11 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia,

Oligochaeta , Turbellaria, Hirudinea, Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, Gastropoda, Isopoda

Farkaždin: in total 6 groups Amphipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera, Trichoptera

Opovo: in total 6 groups : Amphipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Diptera i Odonata

Pančevo: in total 5 groups: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Hirudinea, Oligochaeta i Diptera


Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (3)

PančevoOpovo

FarkaždinTomaševacSečanj

Jaša Tomić


Biological quality elements Bottom fauna (4)Prosečan broj oligoheta po lokalitetu

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

JAŠA T

OM

IC

TOM

AŠEVAC

FARKAŽDIN

OPOVO

Lokalitet

Bro

j 12.08.2009.

28.10.2009.

28.04.2010.

Prosečan broj oligoheta po obalama

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

leva sredina desna

Obala

Bro

j 12.08.2009

29.10.2009

29.04.2010


Principle group of macrozoobenthos – Group Oligochaeta

Saprobic index (Pantle- Buck) α – mezosabrobic zone, water quality class III

Biological quality elements Fish fauna (1)

28 species22 genera8 famillies

34 species PUJIN et al., 198720 species MALETIN et al., 1998


Biological quality elements - Fish fauna (2)


2 vulnerable, 6 rare, 11 common and 9 exotic species

Absolute value of fish fauna 28, re

lative value 1.04.


Saprobic Index


Biological quality elements -Fish fauna (5)

0

50100

150200

250

300350

400450

500

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)

linearni rast tempo rasta

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)


0

100

200

300

400

500

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)


Pike: 1+ - 3+, sex ratio 3:1 Foulton’s coefficient 0.9

Pike-perch: 0+ - 5+, sex ratio 3:1 Foulton’s coefficient 1.06 - 1.13

Asp: 0+ - 5+, sex-ratio 1:1Foulton’s coefficient 1.38 - 1.47



Bream: 1+ - 5+, sex ratio 2:1 Foulton’s coefficient 1.82 – 2.05

Blicca bjoerkna: 0+ - 5+, sex ratio 1:1 Foulton’s coefficient 1.77 – 2.41

Carp: 0+ - 5+, sex ratio 2:1 Foulton’s coefficient 1.95 - 2.27

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)


0

50

100

150

200

250

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+

Uzrast (godina)

Sta

nd

ard

na

du

žin

a (m

m)




Goldfish: 1+ - 5+, sex ratio 1:1 Foulton’s coefficient 2.82 – 2.99

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+


TL = 1,1892SL + 6,2244

R2 = 0,9967

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

standardna dužina (mm)to

taln

a d

uži

na

(mm

)

W= 2E-05L3,1103

R2 = 0,9963

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

standardna dužina (mm)

mas

a (g

)Workshop: Building Capacity – Supporting the Implementation of EU Nature Conservation Legislation, Zrenjanin, 27.10.10.

Biological quality elements - Microbiology (1)

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 2 3 4 5 6

lokaliteti

CF

U/m

l

leto

jesen

proleće

III klasa

I klasa

II klasa

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

1 2 3 4 5 6

lokaliteti

IFA

um

ol

pN

P/s

/dm

3

leto

jesen

proleće

II A

II B

III A

II - III

Heterothrophs

IFA


I-II class – slight organic pollution

Biological quality elements - Microbiology (2)

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 2 3 4 5 6

lokaliteti

TC

(C

FU

/100

ml)

leto

jesen

proleće

II klasa

III klasa

1

10

100

1000

10000

1 2 3 4 5 6

lokaliteti

EC

(C

FU

/100

ml)

leto

jesen

proleće

II klasa

III klasa

I klasa

Total coliformes

E.coli


Total coliforms (TC) II-III class

Escherichia coli – II class

Concluding remarks (1)

Water quality at the border sampling site Jaša Tomić is generally good (I – II class), with the exception of nitrate (III-IV class) and orthophosphate (V class) concentrations. However, at the sampling site upstream the city of Pančevo, all water quality parameters exceed the national environmental standards set for I-II class as well as ICPDR target values.

The content of hazardous substances and priority pollutants remain below the EQS.

Radionuclides have not been detected in water column. According to the saprobic index values based on the structure and

composition of phytoplankton and fish fauna, the River Tamis belongs to -mezosaprobic type of waters (II class) along the whole stretch, while values based on zooplankton indicate even lower saprobic status - oligo to β mezosaprobic.

According to the number of heterotrophic bacteria, the river Tamis water can be classified into I-II class.

The total number of coliforms indicates II – III class, while the number of faecal coliforms (Escherichia coli) reaches the values for moderately polluted water bodies (II class).



Sediment quality, at least regarding the content of heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides is good, but the statement does not hold for arsenic and mineral oils.

Radionuclides fluctuate within a range typical for soils and river sediments.

The sediment load along the river ranges from 0-10cm in the centre of the riverbed, to 40-60 cm at the river banks.

It consists mainly of send, while silt and organic matter content is low to medium.

Benthic fauna is dominated by the group of Oligochaete - saprobic index values based upon its structure and composition indicate α – mezosaprobic conditions (III class).



As far as the hydromorphological habitat alterations are concerned, the River Tamis is being evaluated as medium to significantly modified water body (HMC classes 3 and 4).

In spite of all river regulations undertaken in the past, the River Tamis can still be regarded as a water body of high habitat potential and diversity.

According to CORINE classification system, 11 habitat types can be distinguished along the Serbian stretch of river Tamis.

Assessment using EUNIS classification system resulted in a respectful 48 habitat types – which is considered as significant habitat diversity.


Concluding remarks (4) Good status of fish fauna (28 identified species,

which makes more than a third ever registered species in Vojvodina) derives from generally favourable ecological conditions along the River Tamis, including sufficient number and diversity of adequate habitats, ample quantities of available food, favourable oxygen conditions and good water quality, including absence of potentially toxic substances.

There is no human health risk of fish consumption as the content of hazardous substances and radioactivity is far bellow all applicable standards for dietary fish.


Shortcomings of the Study Short study: 10 month, 3 seasons – indication of the current

status rather than trend analysis Artificially divided to RO and SER section, what about

modern catchment approach? Main river channel is not a river - the most valuable sections

not covered (as regard to ecology and ecosystem approach) 6 sampling sites for biological quality elements, 3 for

physico-chemical parameters, some even not matching – impossible to establish longitudinal gradient

Low No of samples, extremely high No of parameters Risk analysis not possible


Recommendations

Regular monitoring and biomonitoring Careful selection of sampling sites Careful selection of parameters Integrated catchment approach Special attention: oxbows, side arms and

meanders


Recommendations Precondition: consensus reached upon public

participation process on prioritization of ecosystem services expected, followed by the elaboration of measures needed to maintain ecosystem’s goods and functions critical to reach agreed ecosystem services


Ecological status of the River Tamiš in Serbia - basis for development of the best water management...

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