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State and Transition, Clayloam Upland 12-16 " pz.

Historical Climax Plant Community

The historic native state includes the native plant communities that occur on the site, including the historic climax plant community. This state includes other plant communities that naturally occupy the site following fire, drought, flooding, herbivores, and other natural disturbances. The historic climax plant community represents the natural climax community that eventually reoccupies the site with proper management.

The potential plant community on the site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. Most of the major perennial grass species on the site are well dispersed throughout their plant community. However, tobosa, vine mesquite, and curly mesquite tend to occur in patches on this site. These patches appear to be well dispersed and are variable in size. Perennial forbs are well represented on the site, as well as a few species of low shrubs. The aspect is open grassland.

With continuous grazing, palatable perennial grasses like plains lovegrass, blue, black and sideoats grama decrease and species like tobosa and curly mesquite increase. Severe drought can reduce short grasses to very low levels. Drought - fire combinations can reduce perennial grass cover and allow annual herbs to becomne dominant for a short time (2-4 years) until grasses can recover. Due to heavy surface soil textures, this site can be a inefficient user of intense summer rainfall when the perennial grass cover has been removed or greatly reduced. Mesquite, when present on the site, tends to be shrubby due to the presence of clay horizons at shallow depths. Natural fire was important in the development of the potential plant community.

Historical Climax Plant Community Plant Species Composition:

Grass/GrasslikeAnnual Productionin Pounds Per Acre

Group Group Name Common Name Symbol Scientific Name Low High

1 - mid grasses 350 500

cane beardgrass BOBA3 Bothriochloa barbinodis 20 150

sideoats grama BOCU Bouteloua curtipendula 180 280

plains lovegrass ERIN Eragrostis intermedia 10 100

tobosa PLMU3 Pleuraphis mutica 140 210

2 - short grasses 70 200

sprucetop grama BOCH Bouteloua chondrosioides 10 100

black grama BOER4 Bouteloua eriopoda 20 75

blue grama BOGR2 Bouteloua gracilis 20 150

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hairy grama BOHI2 Bouteloua hirsuta 0 50

curly mesquite HIBE Hilaria belangeri 20 100

common wolfstail LYPH Lycurus phleoides 0 25

vine mesquite PAOB Panicum obtusum 0 50

3 - miscellaneous perennial grasses 10 100

purple grama BORA Bouteloua radicosa 0 10

slender grama BORE2 Bouteloua repens 0 15

Rothrock grama BORO2 Bouteloua rothrockii 1 25

fluffgrass DAPU7 Dasyochloa pulchella 0 5

Arizona cottontop DICA8 Digitaria californica 0 20

fall witchgrass DICO6 Digitaria cognata 0 20

bottlebrush squirreltail ELEL5 Elymus elymoides 1 35

spike pappusgrass ENDE Enneapogon desvauxii 0 5

tanglehead HECO10 Heteropogon contortus 0 20

green sprangletop LEDU Leptochloa dubia 0 30

Arizona muhly MUAR3 Muhlenbergia arizonica 0 10

bush muhly MUPO2 Muhlenbergia porteri 0 25

creeping muhly MURE Muhlenbergia repens 0 10

Hall panicgrass PAHA Panicum hallii 0 30

Pima pappusgrass PAVA2 Pappophorum vaginatum 0 50

burrograss SCBR2 Scleropogon brevifolius 0 25

plains bristlegrass SEVU2 Setaria vulpiseta 0 30

alkali sacaton SPAI Sporobolus airoides 0 5

sand dropseed SPCR Sporobolus cryptandrus 0 30

big sacaton SPWR2 Sporobolus wrightii 0 25

slim tridens TRMU Tridens muticus 0 10

4 - perennial threeawns 16 100

poverty threeawn ARDI5 Aristida divaricata 5 35

Havard's threeawn ARHA3 Aristida havardii 0 15

Wooton's threeawn ARPA9 Aristida pansa 0 15

purple threeawn ARPU9 Aristida purpurea 0 25

red threeawn ARPUL Aristida purpurea var. longiseta 5 35

blue threeawn ARPUN Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi 0 10

Parish threeawn ARPUP5 Aristida purpurea var. parishii 0 15

spidergrass ARTE3 Aristida ternipes 5 35



mesa threeawn ARTEG Aristida ternipes var. gentilis 1 25

5 - annual grasses 17 150

sixweeks threeawn ARAD Aristida adscensionis 5 35

prairie threeawn AROL Aristida oligantha 5 35

sixweeks needle grama BOAR Bouteloua aristidoides 1 35

sixweeks grama BOBA2 Bouteloua barbata 0 15

Arizona brome BRAR4 Bromus arizonicus 0 15

feather fingergrass CHVI4 Chloris virgata 1 15

tapertip cupgrass ERACA Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata 0 25

Mexican lovegrass ERME Eragrostis mexicana 0 15

tufted lovegrass ERPE Eragrostis pectinacea 0 15

desert lovegrass ERPEM Eragrostis pectinacea var. miserrima 0 15

little barley HOPU Hordeum pusillum 0 35

Mexican sprangletop LEFUU Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia 1 35

mucronate sprangeltop LEPAB Leptochloa panicea ssp. brachiata 1 35

sticky sprangletop LEVI5 Leptochloa viscida 0 15

delicate muhly MUFR Muhlenbergia fragilis 0 5

littleseed muhly MUMI Muhlenbergia microsperma 0 5

witchgrass PACA6 Panicum capillare 0 10

Mexican panicgrass PAHI5 Panicum hirticaule 1 25

Bigelow's bluegrass POBI Poa bigelovii 0 10

Arizona signalgrass URAR Urochloa arizonica 1 35

sixweeks fescue VUOC Vulpia octoflora 1 35

ForbAnnual Productionin Pounds Per Acre


6 - perennial Forbs 15 70

desert-holly ACNA2 Acourtia nana 0 5

pink perezia ACWR5 Acourtia wrightii 0 2

San Felipe dogweed ADPO Adenophyllum porophylloides 0 2

trailing four o'clock ALIN Allionia incarnata 0 2

largeflower onion ALMA4 Allium macropetalum 0 15

slimleaf bursage AMCO3 Ambrosia confertiflora 1 15

desert anemone ANTU Anemone tuberosa 0 2

New Mexico silverbush ARNE2 Argythamnia neomexicana 0 2



perennial rockcress ARPE2 Arabis perennans 0 5

bluestem pricklypoppy ARPL3 Argemone pleiacantha 0 2

Watson's dutchman's pipe ARWA Aristolochia watsonii 0 2

shrubby ayenia AYMI Ayenia microphylla 0 2

hairyseed bahia BAAB Bahia absinthifolia 0 2

desert marigold BAMU Baileya multiradiata 0 2

lyreleaf greeneyes BELY Berlandiera lyrata 0 5

scarlet spiderling BOCO Boerhavia coccinea 0 15

Arizona carlowrightia CAAR7 Carlowrightia arizonica 0 5

desert mariposa lily CAKE Calochortus kennedyi 0 5

sego lily CANU3 Calochortus nuttallii 0 5

rose heath CHER2 Chaetopappa ericoides 0 2

whitemouth dayflower COER Commelina erecta 0 5

leatherweed CRPO5 Croton pottsii 0 15

fingerleaf gourd CUDI Cucurbita digitata 0 5

coyote melon CUPA Cucurbita palmata 0 5

Cooley's bundleflower DECO2 Desmanthus cooleyi 0 5

desert larkspur DEPA Delphinium parishii 0 1

bluedicks DICA14 Dichelostemma capitatum 1 15

spreading snakeherb DYSCD Dyschoriste schiedeana var. decumbens 1 10

spreading fleabane ERDI4 Erigeron divergens 1 15

hairy evolvulus EVAR Evolvulus arizonicus 1 10

Arizona snakecotton FRAR2 Froelichia arizonica 0 5

Gaura GAURA Gaura 0 2

Gooding mock verbena GLGO Glandularia gooddingii 0 5

small matweed GUDE Guilleminea densa 1 5

hogpotato HOGL2 Hoffmannseggia glauca 1 10

Trans-Pecos thimblehead HYWI Hymenothrix wislizeni 0 2

Wright thimblehead HYWR Hymenothrix wrightii 0 2

ragged nettlespurge JAMA Jatropha macrorhiza 0 3

San Pedro daisy LAPO4 Lasianthaea podocephala 0 1

narrowleaf puccoon LIIN2 Lithospermum incisum 0 1

Lewis blue flax LILE3 Linum lewisii 0 15

Greene deervetch LOGR4 Lotus greenei 0 5

Wright deervetch LOWR Lotus wrightii 0 5

variableleaf bushbean MAGI2 Macroptilium gibbosifolium 0 5

spiny tansyaster MAPI Machaeranthera pinnatifida 0 15



wishbone four o'clock MILAV Mirabilis laevis var. villosa 0 2

desert tobacco NIOB Nicotiana obtusifolia 0 2

tufted evening-primrose OECA10 Oenothera caespitosa 1 10

narrowleaf bean PHAN3 Phaseolus angustissimus 0 10

orange talinum PHAU13 Phemeranthus aurantiacus 0 2

ivyleaf groundcherry PHHE4 Physalis hederifolia 0 2

yerba de venado POGR5 Porophyllum gracile 0 5

velvetseed milkwort POOB Polygala obscura 0 2

shrubby purslane POSU3 Portulaca suffrutescens 0 1

Wright's cudweed PSCAC2 Pseudognaphalium canescens ssp. canescens 0 10

false springparsley PSEUD4 Pseudocymopterus 0 1

slimflower scurfpea PSTE5 Psoralidium tenuiflorum 0 2

canaigre RUHY Rumex hymenosepalus 0 2

twinleaf senna SEBA3 Senna bauhinioides 0 2

Lemmon's ragwort SELE8 Senecio lemmonii 0 2

New Mexico sida SINE Sida neomexicana 1 10

silverleaf nightshade SOEL Solanum elaeagnifolium 0 2

desert globemallow SPAM2 Sphaeralcea ambigua 5 20

brownplume wirelettuce STPA4 Stephanomeria pauciflora 0 15

big talinum TAPA2 Talinum paniculatum 0 1

Coulter's wrinklefruit TECO Tetraclea coulteri 0 1

hairy fournwort TENE Tetramerium nervosum 0 2

pricklyleaf dogweed THAC Thymophylla acerosa 0 1

branched noseburn TRRA5 Tragia ramosa 0 2

American vetch VIAM Vicia americana 0 5

Louisiana vetch VILU Vicia ludoviciana 0 5

copper zephyrlily ZELO Zephyranthes longifolia 0 1

Texas zinnia ZIGR Zinnia grandiflora 1 5

7 - annual forbs 17 150

New Mexico copperleaf ACNE Acalypha neomexicana 0 5

carelessweed AMPA Amaranthus palmeri 1 35

western fiddleneck AMTE3 Amsinckia tessellata 0 5

aster ASTER Aster 0 5

Astralagus ASTRA Astragalus 0 15

wheelscale saltbush ATEL Atriplex elegans 0 15

Coulter spiderling BOCO2 Boerhavia coulteri 1 35



fivewing spiderling BOIN Boerhavia intermedia 0 5

hairy bowlesia BOIN3 Bowlesia incana 0 5

fringed redmaids CACI2 Calandrinia ciliata 0 15

Chenopodium CHENO Chenopodium 1 35

sensitive partridge pea CHNI2 Chamaecrista nictitans 1 35

New Mexico thistle CINE Cirsium neomexicanum 1 15

miner's lettuce CLPEP Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata 0 10

golden corydalis COAU2 Corydalis aurea 0 5

Cryptantha CRYPT Cryptantha 0 5

American wild carrot DAPU3 Daucus pusillus 0 5

sacred datura DAWR2 Datura wrightii 0 2

western tansymustard DEPI Descurainia pinnata 1 35

wedgeleaf draba DRCU Draba cuneifolia 0 5

western wallflower ERCA14 Erysimum capitatum 0 1

skeletonweed buckwheat ERDE6 Eriogonum deflexum 0 5

manystem woolly-sunflower ERMU6 Eriophyllum multicaule 0 15

sorrel buckwheat ERPO4 Eriogonum polycladon 1 15

bull filaree ERTE13 Erodium texanum 0 5

Mexican gold poppy ESCAM Eschscholzia californica ssp. mexicana 0 15

Euphorbia EUPHO Euphorbia 1 5

Arizona blanketflower GAAR2 Gaillardia arizonica 0 2

star gilia GIST Gilia stellata 0 5

pearly globe amaranth GONI Gomphrena nitida 1 5

curlytop gumweed GRNUA Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis 0 15

longleaf false goldeneye HELOA2 Heliomeris longifolia var. annua 1 35

camphorweed HESU3 Heterotheca subaxillaris 0 15

crestrib morning-glory IPCO2 Ipomoea costellata 0 5

redstar IPCO3 Ipomoea coccinea 0 2

Thurber's morning-glory IPTH Ipomoea thurberi 0 5

orange caltrop KAGR Kallstroemia grandiflora 1 25

warty caltrop KAPA Kallstroemia parviflora 0 2

Gordon bladderpod LEGO Lesquerella gordonii 0 15

shaggyfruit pepperweed LELA Lepidium lasiocarpum 1 25

intermediate pepperweed LEVIM Lepidium virginicum var. medium 1 35

orange flax LIPU4 Linum puberulum 0 5

foothill deervetch LOHU2 Lotus humistratus 0 15

coastal bird's-foot trefoil LOSAB Lotus salsuginosus var. brevivexillus 0 15



Arizona lupine LUAR4 Lupinus arizonicus 0 5

Mojave lupine LUSP2 Lupinus sparsiflorus 0 5

hollowleaf annual lupine LUSU3 Lupinus succulentus 0 5

Fendler desert-dandelion MAFE Malacothrix fendleri 0 1

slender tansyaster MAGR10 Machaeranthera gracilis 1 35

Tahoka tansyaster MATA2 Machaeranthera tanacetifolia 1 50

whitestem stickleaf MEAL6 Mentzelia albicaulis 0 15

patota MONU Monolepis nuttalliana 0 15

green carpetweed MOVE Mollugo verticillata 0 15

Pectocarya PECTO Pectocarya 0 15

manybristle cinchweed PEPA2 Pectis papposa 0 15

Phacelia PHACE Phacelia 0 5

Phlox PHLOX Phlox 0 5

lipstick plant PLAR Plagiobothrys arizonicus 0 5

desert Indianwheat PLOV Plantago ovata 1 25

woolly Indianwheat PLPA2 Plantago patagonica 0 25

Portulaca PORTU Portulaca 1 25

straighttube devilsclaw PRAL4 Proboscidea althaeifolia 0 2

annual devilsclaw PRPA2 Proboscidea parviflora 0 2

desert-chicory RANE Rafinesquia neomexicana 0 2

sawtooth sage SASU7 Salvia subincisa 0 5

prostrate sida SIAB Sida abutifolia 1 15

oneseed bur cucumber SIAN Sicyos angulatus 0 5

sleepy catchfly SIAN2 Silene antirrhina 0 5

woolly tidestromia TILA2 Tidestromia lanuginosa 0 15

golden crownbeard VEEN Verbesina encelioides 0 2

Shrub/VineAnnual Productionin Pounds Per Acre


8 - dominant half shrubs 5 55

yerba de pasmo baccharis BAPT Baccharis pteronioides 0 5

false mesquite CAER Calliandra eriophylla 5 35

shrubby buckwheat ERWR Eriogonum wrightii 0 15

range ratany KRER Krameria erecta 0 15

spreading ratany KRLA Krameria lanceolata 0 5



9 - succulent shrubs 2 35

Palmer agave AGPA3 Agave palmeri 0 10

Parry agave AGPA4 Agave parryi 0 10

Coryphantha CORYP Coryphantha 0 2

pencil cholla CYAR14 Cylindropuntia arbuscula 0 5

jumping cholla CYFU10 Cylindropuntia fulgida 0 5

Christmas cholla CYLE8 Cylindropuntia leptocaulis 0 5

cane cholla CYSP8 Cylindropuntia spinosior 0 5

staghorn cholla CYVE3 Cylindropuntia versicolor 0 10

Echinocereus ECHIN3 Echinocereus 0 2

rainbow cactus ECPEP Echinocereus pectinatus var. pectinatus 0 1

spinystar cactus ESVI2 Escobaria vivipara 0 1

fishhook barrel cactus FEWI Ferocactus wislizeni 0 10

little nipple cactus MAHE2 Mammillaria heyderi 0 1

sacahuista NOMI Nolina microcarpa 0 2

Engelmann pricklypear OPEN3 Opuntia engelmannii 1 10

purple pricklypear OPMAM Opuntia macrocentra var. macrocentra 0 10

tulip pricklypear OPPH Opuntia phaeacantha 0 5

Santa Rita pricklypear OPSA Opuntia santa-rita 0 5

banana yucca YUBA Yucca baccata 0 10

soaptree yucca YUEL Yucca elata 1 10

10 - increaser half shrubs 2 25

turpentine bush ERLA12 Ericameria laricifolia 0 10

threadleaf snakeweed GUMI Gutierrezia microcephala 0 10

broom snakeweed GUSA2 Gutierrezia sarothrae 1 20

burroweed ISTE2 Isocoma tenuisecta 1 20

11 - miscellaneous shrubs 0 25

whitethorn acacia ACCO2 Acacia constricta 0 5

catclaw acacia ACGR Acacia greggii 0 10

fourwing saltbush ATCA2 Atriplex canescens 0 5


desert hackberry CEEH Celtis ehrenbergiana 0 5

knifeleaf condalia COSP3 Condalia spathulata 0 5

Mexican crucillo COWA Condalia warnockii 0 2

longleaf Mormon tea EPTR Ephedra trifurca 0 5



tarbush FLCE Flourensia cernua 0 1

ocotillo FOSP2 Fouquieria splendens 0 5

winterfat KRLA2 Krascheninnikovia lanata 0 1

Lycium LYCIU Lycium 0 1

pale wolfberry LYPA Lycium pallidum 0 10

wait-a-bit MIACB Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera 0 10

velvetpod mimosa MIDY Mimosa dysocarpa 0 10

whitestem paperflower PSCO2 Psilostrophe cooperi 0 2

littleleaf desert sumac RHMI3 Rhus microphylla 0 5

Senecio SENEC Senecio 0 2

desert zinnia ZIAC Zinnia acerosa 0 2

graythorn ZIOB Ziziphus obtusifolia 0 1

TreeAnnual Productionin Pounds Per Acre


12 - trees 0 15

oneseed juniper JUMO Juniperus monosperma 0 5

western honey mesquite PRGLT Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana 0 10

velvet mesquite PRVE Prosopis velutina 0 5

Annual Production by Plant Type:

Annual Production (lbs/AC)

Plant Type Low Representative Value High

Forb 32 50 220

Grass/Grasslike 460 750 1050

Shrub/Vine 10 60 140

Tree 0 5 15

Total: 502 865 1425

Structure and Cover:

Soil Surface Cover (%)

Basal Cover

Non-

Vascular Plants

Biological Crust Litter

Surface Fragments

> 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface

Fragments > 3" Bedrock Water

Bare GroundGrass/Grasslike Forb

Shrub/ Vine Tree

6 to 25 0 to 1 1 to 2 0 to 0 0 to 1 1 to 10 10 to 5 to 45 0 to 5 0 to 0 0 to 0 15 to 25



State and Transition, Granitic Hills 12-16 " pz.

Historic Climax Plant Community

The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. Several species of low shrubs are well represented on the site, but the aspect is grassland dotted with shrubs and cacti. Larger species of shrubs are concentrated at the edges of rock outcrop areas and in canyon bottoms. Most of the grass and low shrub species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. In the absence of wildfire and/or with overgrazing, shrubs increase to dominate the plant community. Well developed gravel and cobble covers protect the soil from erosion and protect forage species from heavy use. Natural fire was an important factor in development of the potential plant community. Natural fire frequencies were about once every ten years. Fires helped maintain a balance between grasses, forbs and shrubs. With continuous heavy grazing palatable forage species diminish in the plant community and can be replaced by shrubs and succulents. Areas of rock outcrop are little grazed and hold remnant perennial forage species to help reseed the slopes below once grazing is managed. The plant community described for the HCPC is at a midpoint in its fire free interval (5 to 7 years after fire).



Granitic hills 12-16" pz. HCPC

Historic Climax Plant Community Plant Species Composition:



1 - Dominant Perennial Mid Grasses 250 350








2 - Suffrutescent Grasses 30 250



3 - Dominant Perennial Short Grasses 55 150


Santa Rita grama BOEL Bouteloua eludens 0 35








4 - Annual Grasses 10 100

fragilegrass AETE Aegopogon tenellus 0 2










tufted lovegrass ERPEP2 Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea 0 2

sweet tanglehead HEME Heteropogon melanocarpus 0 20











Eastwood fescue VUMIC Vulpia microstachys var. ciliata 1 20

desert fescue VUMIM Vulpia microstachys var. microstachys 1 20


5 - Perennial threeawns 10 45








Wright's threeawn ARPUW Aristida purpurea var. wrightii 0 10

Orcutt's threeawn ARSCO Aristida schiedeana var. orcuttiana 0 15



6 - Miscellaneous Perennial grasses 10 60



silver bluestem BOSA Bothriochloa saccharoides 0 5

Carex CAREX Carex 0 2


sourgrass DIIN2 Digitaria insularis 0 2

woolly bunchgrass ELBA Elionurus barbiculmis 0 2



prairie Junegrass KOMA Koeleria macrantha 0 5


Kunth's smallgrass MIKU Microchloa kunthii 0 5

bamboo muhly MUDU3 Muhlenbergia dumosa 0 5

bullgrass MUEM Muhlenbergia emersleyi 1 15

cliff muhly MUPO Muhlenbergia polycaulis 0 27

deergrass MURI2 Muhlenbergia rigens 0 2

mesa muhly MUTE4 Muhlenbergia tenuifolia 0 2

bulb panicgrass PABU Panicum bulbosum 0 2






Texas bluestem SCCI2 Schizachyrium cirratum 0 5

southwestern bristlegrass SESC2 Setaria scheelei 1 5



Mexican gamagrass TRLA11 Tripsacum lanceolatum 0 5


crinkleawn TRSP12 Trachypogon spicatus 0 10

ForbAnnual Production

in Pounds Per Acre


7 - Perennial Forbs 10 100

Palmer Indianmallow ABPA Abutilon palmeri 0 5







tarragon ARDR4 Artemisia dracunculus 0 5

Louisiana sagewort ARLU Artemisia ludoviciana 1 15








climbing wartclub BOSC Boerhavia scandens 1 10




Castilleja CASTI2 Castilleja 0 2











trailing fleabane ERFL Erigeron flagellaris 0 10





desert wild cotton GOTH Gossypium thurberi 1 10

hairy false goldenaster HEVIM3 Heterotheca villosa var. minor 0 5

Coulter hibiscus HICO Hibiscus coulteri 0 5

fineleaf hymenopappus HYFIL Hymenopappus filifolius var. lugens 0 5


slender janusia JAGR Janusia gracilis 1 15


longflower tube tongue JULO3 Justicia longii 0 2




carrotleaf desertparsley LODI Lomatium dissectum 0 1


red and yellow deervetch LORI3 Lotus rigidus 0 15


roving sailor MAAN9 Maurandella antirrhiniflora 0 2

Huachuca Mountain rocktrumpet

MABR Macrosiphonia brachysiphon(syn) 0 5


Parry's false prairie-clover MAPA7 Marina parryi 0 5


plains blackfoot daisy MELE2 Melampodium leucanthum 0 2



Schott's yellowhood NISC Nissolia schottii 0 10




fetid passionflower PAFO2 Passiflora foetida 0 1

Parry penstemon PEPA24 Penstemon parryi 1 5

desert penstemon PEPS Penstemon pseudospectabilis 0 5









desert senna SECO10 Senna covesii 0 2


showy senna SELI4 Senna lindheimeriana 0 1


Thurber's checkerbloom SINET Sidalcea neomexicana ssp. thurberi 0 1



gooseberryleaf globemallow SPGR2 Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia 0 2








8 - Annual Forbs 10 100






fewflower beggarticks BILE Bidens leptocephala 0 10














miniature woollystar ERDI2 Eriastrum diffusum 0 1








longleaf false goldeneye HELOL Heliomeris longifolia var. longifolia 0 5

















longtube four o'clock MILO2 Mirabilis longiflora 0 5

Arizona monardella MOAR Monardella arizonica 0 1

Montia MONTI Montia 0 5




spring evening-primrose OEPR Oenothera primiveris 0 1

Florida pellitory PAFL3 Parietaria floridana 0 2









chia SACO6 Salvia columbariae 0 2



streamside bur cucumber SIAM Sicyos ampelophyllus 0 5


cutleaf bur cucumber SILA Sicyos laciniatus 0 5

sand fringepod THCU Thysanocarpus curvipes 0 2


9 - Perennial ferns 5 20

lipfern CHEIL Cheilanthes 1 5

cloak fern NOTHO Notholaena 0 5

cliffbrake PELLA Pellaea 1 10

spikemoss SELAG Selaginella 1 20

Shrub/VineAnnual Production

in Pounds Per Acre


10 - Dominant Half Shrubs 100 150

orange Indianmallow ABIN Abutilon incanum 0 30

prairie acacia ACAN Acacia angustissima 0 15


Coulter brickellbush BRCO Brickellia coulteri 0 10


Gregg's prairie clover DAGR2 Dalea greggii 10 40






rough menodora MESC Menodora scabra 0 25

California trixis TRCA8 Trixis californica 1 10

11 - Miscellaneous Shrubs 10 50

whitethorn acacia ACCOC Acacia constricta var. constricta 0 5

whitethorn acacia ACCOP9 Acacia constricta var. paucispina 0 2

catclaw acacia ACGRG3 Acacia greggii var. greggii 1 10

Santa Rita acacia ACMI Acacia millefolia 0 2

mintbush lippia ALWR Aloysia wrightii 0 5

canyon ragweed AMAM2 Ambrosia ambrosioides 0 1

desert-honeysuckle ANTH2 Anisacanthus thurberi 0 5

pointleaf manzanita ARPU5 Arctostaphylos pungens 0 2


shortleaf baccharis BABR Baccharis brachyphylla 0 1

sweetbush BEJUA Bebbia juncea var. aspera 0 2

California brickellbush BRCA3 Brickellia californica 0 5


javelina bush COER5 Condalia ericoides 0 2

samota COGL8 Coursetia glandulosa 0 15



Kearney's snakewood COWAK Condalia warnockii var. kearneyana 0 2

ragged rockflower CRBI2 Crossosoma bigelovii 0 2

sotol DAWH2 Dasylirion wheeleri 1 15

hopseed bush DOVI Dodonaea viscosa 0 10

rayless brittlebush ENFR Encelia frutescens 0 5

rough jointfir EPFA Ephedra fasciculata(syn) 0 2

coralbean ERFL7 Erythrina flabelliformis 1 10

kidneywood EYOR Eysenhardtia orthocarpa 1 25

Apache plume FAPA Fallugia paradoxa 0 5

cliff fendlerbush FERU Fendlera rupicola 0 2

desert olive FOSH Forestiera shrevei 0 5


starry bedstraw GAST Galium stellatum 0 1

desert lavender HYEM Hyptis emoryi 1 15



limberbush JACU Jatropha cuneata 0 5

chuparosa JUCA8 Justicia californica 0 5

Jacobina JUCA9 Justicia candicans 0 5



Watson lysiloma LYWA Lysiloma watsonii 0 2

algerita barberry MATR3 Mahonia trifoliolata 0 5



Graham's mimosa MIGR2 Mimosa grahamii 0 2


blue palo verde PAFL6 Parkinsonia florida 0 10


turbinella oak QUTU2 Quercus turbinella 0 10

skunkbush sumac RHTR Rhus trilobata 0 5

evergreen sumac RHVIC Rhus virens var. choriophylla 0 2

western soapberry SASAD Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii 0 2

jojoba SICH Simmondsia chinensis 0 15

yellow trumpetbush TEST Tecoma stans 0 2

heartleaf goldeneye VICO Viguiera cordifolia 0 5

Parish's goldeneye VIPA14 Viguiera parishii 0 5

Schott's stickpea ZAFOS Zapoteca formosa var. schottii 0 5


12 - Increaser Shrubs 10 45

desert broom baccharis BASA2 Baccharis sarothroides 0 2



gumhead GYGL Gymnosperma glutinosum 0 5


13 - Succulents 15 55

desert agave AGDE Agave deserti 0 2


smallflower agave AGPA5 Agave parviflora 0 5

Schott agave AGSC3 Agave schottii 0 10

saguaro CAGI10 Carnegiea gigantea 0 5



buck-horn cholla CYAC8 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa 0 1





pinkflower hedgehog cactus ECBO2 Echinocereus bonkerae 0 1

scarlet hedgehog cactus ECCO5 Echinocereus coccineus 0 1

Engelmann hedgehog cactus ECEN Echinocereus engelmannii 0 1

pinkflower hedgehog cactus ECFEF3 Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri 0 1

rainbow cactus ECPE Echinocereus pectinatus 1 2



fishhook pincushion cactus MAGR9 Mammillaria grahamii 0 1


dollarjoint pricklypear OPCH Opuntia chlorotica 0 2







TreeAnnual Production

in Pounds Per Acre


14 - Trees 10 40




Arizona white oak QUAR Quercus arizonica 0 5

Emory oak QUEM Quercus emoryi 0 5

Mexican blue oak QUOB Quercus oblongifolia 0 5

Arizona rosewood VACA5 Vauquelinia californica 0 10






Forb 25 50 220



Tree 10 15 40

Total: 525 915 1545



Basal Cover

Non-

Vascular Plants


Surface Fragments

> 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface



Shrub/ Vine Tree

3 to 7 0 to 1 2 to 4 0 to 0 0 to 1 0 to 1 25 to 45

25 to 50 0 to 10 0 to 10 0 to 0 5 to 40

Structure of Canopy Cover (%)

Grasses/Grasslike Forbs Shrubs/Vines Trees

<=0.5 feet 1 to 10 0 to 1 0 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 10 to 20 1 to 5 5 to 10

< 1 - >= 2 feet 10 to 20 1 to 10 5 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 5 to 10 0 to 2 1 to 5

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 5 0 to 2

Plant Growth Curve:

Growth Curve Number:

AZ4131

Growth Curve Name: 41.3 12-16" p.z. hill sites

Growth Curve Description:

Growth begins in the spring, semi-dormancy occurs during the June drought, most growth occurs during the summer rainy season.



State & Transition, Granitic Hills 16 - 20" p.z.


The potential plant community is a diverse mixture of warm and cool season perennial grasses, ferns, forbs, succulents and shrubs. A tree canopy of 5-15% Mexican live-oak species occurs on the site, giving it a savannah appearance. Most perennial herbaceous species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. A few species, however, occur only under the canopies of trees.

With continuous heavy grazing, mid-grasses like sideoats grama, plains lovegrass, crinkleawn and green sprangletop are removed and replaced by annual grasses and forbs. Naturally occurring wildfires in June-August are an important factor to shaping this plant community. Fire-free intervals range from 10-20 years. In the absence of fire, this site gets shrubby with increases in species like terpentine bush, mimosas, bricklebush, goldeneye, sotol and amole. Oak species on the site are very tolerant of fire. Well-developed covers of stones, cobbles, and gravel protect the soil from erosion after fire or heavy grazing. Trees per acre run from 5-30. Agave Palmeri plants average 5-60 per acre. Without periodic disturbance like fire or grazing, grass species can become decadent and annuals like goldeneye can become dominant, especially in the years with wet winter-spring seasons. Periodic drought can occur in this LRA and cause significant grass mortality. Droughts in the early 30s and mid 50s, 1975-76 and 1988-89, 1995-96 and 2002 resulted in the loss of much of the grass cover on this site. The site recovers rapidly, due to good covers of gravels and cobbles and the favorable climate prevailing in this common resource area.


5/10/2013http://esis.sc.egov.usda.gov/ESDReport/fsReport.aspx?id=R041XA102AZ&rptLevel=communities&approved=yes

Granitic Hills 16-20" pz. (on rhyolite) HCPC




1 - Dominant mid-grasses 350 800











2 - Dominant short grasses 25 150


Santa Rita grama BOEL Bouteloua eludens 0 20







3 - Cool season grasses 10 50

densetuft hairsedge BUCA2 Bulbostylis capillaris 0 2


Cyperus CYPER Cyperus 0 2



pinyon ricegrass PIFI Piptochaetium fimbriatum 0 20

muttongrass POFE Poa fendleriana 0 5

4 - Miscellaneous perennial grasses 1 30













Porter melicgrass MEPO Melica porteri 0 2

smallgrass MICRO Microchloa 0 2


pine muhly MUDU Muhlenbergia dubia 0 5


purple muhly MURI3 Muhlenbergia rigida 0 2



maidencane PAHE2 Panicum hemitomon 0 2

little bluestem SCSC Schizachyrium scoparium 0 5





rough tridens TRMUE Tridens muticus var. elongatus 0 1

5 - Annual grasses 2 25











pitscale grass HAGR3 Hackelochloa granularis 0 1



red sprangletop LEPA6 Leptochloa panicea 0 1

pullup muhly MUFI2 Muhlenbergia filiformis 0 1






poverty dropseed SPVA Sporobolus vaginiflorus 0 1

prairie false oat TRIN5 Trisetum interruptum 0 1


small fescue VUMI Vulpia microstachys 0 5










throw-up weed AMPA3 Amoreuxia palmatifida 0 1

western ragweed AMPS Ambrosia psilostachya 0 1

spurred anoda ANCR2 Anoda cristata 0 1


melon loco APUN Apodanthera undulata 0 1






Arizona milkvetch ASAR6 Astragalus arizonicus 0 1

spider milkweed ASAS Asclepias asperula 0 1

chaparral asphead ASHI3 Aspicarpa hirtella 0 1

broadleaf milkweed ASLA4 Asclepias latifolia 0 1

woolly locoweed ASMOB Astragalus mollissimus var. bigelovii 0 2

sheep milkvetch ASNO3 Astragalus nothoxys 0 2

horsetail milkweed ASSU2 Asclepias subverticillata 0 1




scarlet bouvardia BOTE2 Bouvardia ternifolia 0 5

dwarf stickpea CAHUR Calliandra humilis var. reticulata 0 2



grayleaf Indian paintbrush CAIN14 Castilleja integra 0 1



whitemargin spurge CHAL11 Chamaesyce albomarginata 0 1


mala mujer CNAN Cnidoscolus angustidens 0 1

birdbill dayflower CODI4 Commelina dianthifolia 0 1

hoary bindweed COEQ Convolvulus equitans 0 1


bastard toadflax COUM Comandra umbellata 0 2




purplenerve springparsley CYMU2 Cymopterus multinervatus 0 1

whiteflower dalea DAAL Dalea albiflora 0 1

James' prairie clover DAJA Dalea jamesii 0 1

dwarf prairie clover DANA Dalea nana 0 1

New Mexico dalea DANE Dalea neomexicana 0 1




Torrey's craglily ECFL Echeandia flavescens 0 1



oakbelt fleabane ERNE3 Erigeron neomexicanus 0 2

Mexican fireplant EUHE4 Euphorbia heterophylla 0 1

sun spurge EURA2 Euphorbia radians 0 1


prostrate evolvulus EVNU Evolvulus nuttallianus 0 1

silver evolvulus EVSE Evolvulus sericeus 0 1


scarlet gaura GACO5 Gaura coccinea 0 1



red bluet HORU Houstonia rubra 0 1

yellow cutleaf HYFI Hymenopappus filifolius 0 2

babyslippers HYVE Hybanthus verticillatus 0 1



pinkthroat morning glory IPLO Ipomoea longifolia 0 1











Mexican star MIBI2 Milla biflora 0 1

lemon beebalm MOCIA Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana 0 1


Oxytropis OXYTR Oxytropis 0 1

beardlip penstemon PEBA2 Penstemon barbatus 0 1

mat cinchweed PELO Pectis longipes 0 1




Cory mistletoe PHCO14 Phoradendron coryae 0 2


white milkwort POAL4 Polygala alba 0 1




buffpetal RHPH2 Rhynchosida physocalyx 0 1

Texas snoutbean RHSET Rhynchosia senna var. texana 0 2

slimleaf plainsmustard SCLI12 Schoenocrambe linearifolia 0 1

Arizona spikemoss SEAR2 Selaginella arizonica 0 5



Huachuca Mountain ragwort SEMU9 Senecio multidentatus 0 1

Mexican catchfly SILA2 Silene laciniata 0 1



narrowleaf globemallow SPAN3 Sphaeralcea angustifolia 0 1








longstalk greenthread THLO Thelesperma longipes 0 1

Hopi tea greenthread THME Thelesperma megapotamicum 0 1

Arizona bluecurls TRAR Trichostema arizonicum 0 5

pinewoods spiderwort TRPI Tradescantia pinetorum 0 1


Fort Huachuca vervain VEGR2 Verbena gracilis 0 1


Louisiana vetch VILUL2 Vicia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana 0 5






halfmoon milkvetch ASAL6 Astragalus allochrous 0 1

Nuttall milkvetch ASNU4 Astragalus nuttallianus 0 10

Thurber milkvetch ASTH Astragalus thurberi 0 10



erect spiderling BOER Boerhavia erecta 0 1


purple spiderling BOPU Boerhavia purpurascens 0 1


pitseed goosefoot CHBE4 Chenopodium berlandieri 0 10

royal sandmat CHDI5 Chamaesyce dioica 0 1

pillpod sandmat CHHI3 Chamaesyce hirta 0 1

leafy spurge CHHY3 Chamaesyce hyssopifolia 0 1

New Mexico goosefoot CHNE3 Chenopodium neomexicanum 0 10


threadstem sandmat CHRE4 Chamaesyce revoluta 0 1

thymeleaf spurge CHSE6 Chamaesyce serpyllifolia 0 1

slimseed spurge CHST8 Chamaesyce stictospora 0 1






southwestern cosmos COPA12 Cosmos parviflorus 0 3

Wright birdsbeak COWR2 Cordylanthus wrightii 0 2


Chihuahuan prairie clover DAEX2 Dalea exigua 0 1



New Mexico tickclover DENE Desmodium neomexicanum 0 1


western trailing ticktrefoil DEPR2 Desmodium procumbens 0 1

buttonweed DITE2 Diodia teres 0 1


Abert's buckwheat ERAB2 Eriogonum abertianum 0 1







velvetweed GAMO5 Gaura mollis(syn) 0 1

red dome blanketflower GAPI Gaillardia pinnatifida 0 1

lesser yellowthroat gilia GIFL Gilia flavocincta 0 1

El Paso gilia GIME Gilia mexicana 0 1

Dakota mock vervain GLBIB Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida 0 1






ivyleaf morning-glory IPHE Ipomoea hederacea 0 1

flaxflowered ipomopsis IPLOL Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora 0 1


El Paso skyrocket IPTH2 Ipomopsis thurberi 0 1






broadleaf pepperweed LELA2 Lepidium latifolium 0 1


dotted blazing star LIPU Liatris punctata 0 1




shortstem lupine LUBR2 Lupinus brevicaulis 0 1

bajada lupine LUCOC Lupinus concinnus ssp. concinnus 0 1



mesa tansyaster MATA Machaeranthera tagetina 0 1





Arizona phacelia PHAR13 Phacelia arizonica 0 1

Mangas Spring phacelia PHBO4 Phacelia bombycina 0 1

sky blue scorpionweed PHCA43 Phacelia caerulea(syn) 0 1




yerba porosa PORU6 Porophyllum ruderale 0 1




Abert's creeping zinnia SAAB Sanvitalia abertii 0 1






9 - Half shrubs 5 50


Bigelow's false willow BABI Baccharis bigelovii 0 5





Bigelow's bristlehead CABI6 Carphochaete bigelovii 0 5



cliff goldenbush ERCUS Ericameria cuneata var. spathulata 0 5




showy goldeneye HEMUM Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora 0 1

Sonoran indigobush INSP Indigofera sphaerocarpa 0 2

chuparosa JUCA8 Justicia californica 0 1




10 - Deciduous shrubs 2 30




samota COGL8 Coursetia glandulosa 0 15



cliff fendlerbush FERU Fendlera rupicola 0 1


pale wolfberry LYPA Lycium pallidum 0 1






11 - Evergreen shrubs 1 15

Pringle manzanita ARPR Arctostaphylos pringlei 0 2


desert ceanothus CEGR Ceanothus greggii 0 5

hairy mountain mahogany CEMOP Cercocarpus montanus var. paucidentatus 0 5



Correll's snakewood COCO11 Condalia correllii 0 2



Wright silktassel GAWR3 Garrya wrightii 0 2

common hoptree PTTRA Ptelea trifoliata ssp. angustifolia 0 2


redberry buckthorn RHCR Rhamnus crocea 0 2






Parry's agave AGPAP5 Agave parryi ssp. parryi 0 1




scarlet hedgehog cactus ECCOC Echinocereus coccineus var. coccineus 0 1


white fishhook cactus ECIN2 Echinomastus intertextus 0 1

Leding's hedgehog cactus ECLE2 Echinocereus ledingii 0 1

rainbow hedgehog cactus ECRI3 Echinocereus rigidissimus 0 1




Macdougal's nipple cactus MAHEM Mammillaria heyderi var. macdougalii 0 1





Schott yucca YUSC Yucca ×schottii 0 5



13 - Trees 100 600

alligator juniper JUDE2 Juniperus deppeana 0 15




Mexican pinyon PICE Pinus cembroides 0 20

border pinyon PIDI3 Pinus discolor 0 20








Forb 11 40 100



Tree 100 200 600

Total: 524 1240 1985



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

PlantsBiological

Crust Litter

Surface

Fragments > 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface Fragments

> 3" Bedrock WaterBare

GroundGrass/Grasslike ForbShrub/ Vine Tree

6 to 13 0 to 1 1 to 5 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 25 to 60

10 to 50 3 to 17 0 to 5 0 to 0 5 to 20



<=0.5 feet 1 to 5 0 to 10 0 to 3

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 5 to 10 1 to 10 1 to 5

< 1 - >= 2 feet 10 to 25 1 to 5 1 to 5

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 1 to 10 0 to 5 1 to 5

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 2 0 to 2

> 13 - < 40 feet 5 to 15



State and Transition, Limestone Hills 12-16" p.z.


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. Several species of shrubs are well represented on the site. Shrubs can be in concentrations at the edges of rock outcrops and in canyon bottoms. Most of the grass and shrub species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. A few species (black grama, New Mexico feathergrass, amole, sandpaper bush and mariola) grow in patches which vary in size and are not well dispersed over larger areas of the site.

In the absence of wildfire and/or with overgrazing, shrubs increase to dominate the plant community. Well-developed gravel and cobble covers protect the soil from erosion and help protect forage species from heavy utilization. The large amount of rock outcrop on the site tends to magnify water received by adjacent soil areas. Natural fire was a factor in the development of the potential plant community. The frequency of natural fire on this site was about once every ten years. Fires burned May through August.



Limestone Hills 12-16" pz. HCPC




1 - Dominant warm season grasses 150 200








2 - Dominant cool season grasses 20 120

southwestern needlegrass ACEM4 Achnatherum eminens 10 50


squirreltail ELELE Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides 0 20

New Mexico feathergrass HENE5 Hesperostipa neomexicana 10 100













4 - Sub dominant short grasses 45 100





red grama BOTR2 Bouteloua trifida 0 50



shortleaf woollygrass ERAV Erioneuron avenaceum 1 15




















Mexican lovegrass ERMEM Eragrostis mexicana ssp. mexicana 0 5














6 - Miscellaneous grasses 0 35







plains muhly MUCU3 Muhlenbergia cuspidata 0 5



desert muhly MUGL2 Muhlenbergia glauca 0 5

New Mexico muhly MUPA2 Muhlenbergia pauciflora 0 5







lovegrass tridens TRER Tridens eragrostoides 0 5












Arenaria ARENA Arenaria 0 5




























rock hibiscus HIDE Hibiscus denudatus 0 5

fineleaf hymenopappus HYFIL Hymenopappus filifolius var. lugens 0 5




Fendler bladderpod LEFE Lesquerella fendleri 1 15



















caliche globemallow SPLA Sphaeralcea laxa 5 10




rue of the mountains THTE2 Thamnosma texana 1 10






8 - Annual forbs 5 50






exserted Indian paintbrush CAEXE Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta 0 5






soft dalea DAMO Dalea mollis 0 5















flaxflower skyrocket IPLO2 Ipomopsis longiflora 0 5











maresfat LOSA Lotus salsuginosus 0 5




















lyreleaf jewelflower STCAA Streptanthus carinatus ssp. arizonicus 0 10


9 - Perennial ferns 10 25




spikemoss SELAG Selaginella 0 15



10 - Dominant half shrubs 50 150


feathery dalea DAFO Dalea formosa 10 30

Utah fendlerbush FEUTC Fendlerella utahensis var. cymosa 0 10








mariola PAIN2 Parthenium incanum 10 35

woody crinklemat TICAC Tiquilia canescens var. canescens 0 10


11 - Dominant large shrubs 35 150












creosote bush LATRT Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 0 20

sandpaper bush MOSC Mortonia scabrella 0 30

Kearney's sumac RHKE Rhus kearneyi 0 15















redspine fishhook cactus ECER2 Echinomastus erectocentrus 0 1




Cochise foxtail cactus ESRO Escobaria robbinsiorum 0 1











13 - Miscellaneous shrubs 10 60






alderleaf mountain-mahogany CEMO2 Cercocarpus montanus 0 15









crown of thorns KOSP Koeberlinia spinosa 0 2


Huachuca Mountain

rocktrumpetMABR Macrosiphonia brachysiphon(syn) 0 5






foothill palo verde PAMI5 Parkinsonia microphylla 0 5


Mexican cliffrose PUME Purshia mexicana 0 5

QUPA4 Quercus ×pauciloba 0 15

pungent oak QUPU Quercus pungens 0 15




rock sage SAPI2 Salvia pinguifolia 0 5

shrubby senna SEWI3 Senna wislizeni 0 5


Arizona sophora SOAR3 Sophora arizonica 0 5







14 - Trees 0 35





Arizona rosewood VACAP Vauquelinia californica ssp. pauciflora 0 10




Forb 20 50 120



Tree 0 10 35

Total: 415 810 1275




State & Transition, Limestone Hills 16 - 20" p.z.


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by a diverse mixture of warm and cool perennial grasses, perennial forbs, succulents and large and small shrubs. Most perennial herbaceous species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. The aspect is a grassy shrub-land.

With continuous, heavy grazing, stipa species, crinkleawn and sideoats grama are removed from the plant community and replaced with species like blue threeawn and tanglehead. Naturally occurring fires in June-August were an important factor shaping this plant community. Fire-free intervals ranged from 10-20 years. With severe deterioration or in the absence of fire, shrubby species like mimosa, mesquite, juniper, ocotillo, sumac and sotol can increase to dominate the plant community. The frequency of natural fires on this site was probably greater than on other hill sites in this CRA due to very low live fuel moisture values of the plant community in June-July. Well-developed gravel and cobble covers protect the soil from erosion and protect forage species from heavy utilization. Large amount of rock outcrop areas tend to magnify water received by adjacent areas. This site is a principle habitat for Parry and Palmer agave in this CRA. Stands range from 20-over 1000 plants per acre. The two species are important food sources for nectar feeding birds, insects and bats in this region.

Periodic drought can occur in this LRA and can cause significant grass mortality. Droughts in the early 30s, mid 50s, 75-76, 88-89, 95-96 and 2002 resulted in the loss of much of the grass cover on the site. The site recovers rapidly, however, due to covers of gravel and cobble and the high percentage of rock outcrop providing runoff water to soil areas.


Grass/GrasslikeAnnual Production

in Pounds Per Acre





















3 - Short grasses 100 150








hairy tridens ERPI5 Erioneuron pilosum 0 10







4 - Threeawns 10 50












spiked bur grass TRBE Tragus berteronianus 0 1




Pacific fescue VUMIP Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora 0 5



in Pounds Per Acre


7 - Perennial forbs 10 55

shrubby copperleaf ACPH3 Acalypha phleoides 1 5








Indianhemp dogbane APCA Apocynum cannabinum 0 1







Cochise scaly cloakfern ASCO42 Astrolepis cochisensis 0 1


hybrid cloakfern ASIN19 Astrolepis integerrima 0 1




wavy scaly cloakfern ASSI9 Astrolepis sinuata 0 1








copper fern BOHI Bommeria hispida 0 1







Eaton's lipfern CHEA Cheilanthes eatonii 0 1


Fendler's lipfern CHFE2 Cheilanthes fendleri 0 1

fairyswords CHLI Cheilanthes lindheimeri 0 1

mala mujer CNAN Cnidoscolus angustidens 0 1



































iron ipomopsis IPLA2 Ipomopsis laxiflora 0 1

pinkthroat morning glory IPLO Ipomoea longifolia 0 1

Macomb's ipomopsis IPMA2 Ipomopsis macombii 0 1














narrowleaf four o'clock MILI3 Mirabilis linearis 0 1



radish root woodsorrel OXAL Oxalis albicans 0 1

Drummond's woodsorrel OXDR Oxalis drummondii 0 1



Cochise beardtongue PEDA Penstemon dasyphyllus 1 5







Cory mistletoe PHCO14 Phoradendron coryae 0 1









Arizona spikemoss SEAR2 Selaginella arizonica 0 1

















































southwestern cosmos COPA12 Cosmos parviflorus 0 1




























hillside verbena VENE Verbena neomexicana 0 1


in Pounds Per Acre


9 - Half shrubs 20 70





false boneset BREU Brickellia eupatorioides 0 2




cliff goldenbush ERCUC Ericameria cuneata var. cuneata 0 2

James buckwheat ERJA Eriogonum jamesii 0 20














10 - Evergreen shrubs 50 100





Wright silktassel GAWR3 Garrya wrightii 0 5



pungent oak QUPU Quercus pungens 0 25


11 - Deciduous shrubs 15 50

















mock buckthorn SAWR Sageretia wrightii 0 5







Pima pineapple cactus COROS Coryphantha robustispina ssp. scheeri 0 1





pinkflower hedgehog cactus ECBO2 Echinocereus bonkerae 0 1




Leding's hedgehog cactus ECLE2 Echinocereus ledingii 0 1


Bisbee spinystar ESVIB Escobaria vivipara var. bisbeeana 0 1







purple pricklypear OPMA8 Opuntia macrocentra 0 2







13 - Trees 5 35



Mexican pinyon PICE Pinus cembroides 0 5








Forb 11 50 105





Tree 5 15 35

Total: 576 1165 1480



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

Plants

Biological

Crust Litter

Surface Fragments

> 1/4 &

<= 3"

Surface Fragments

> 3" Bedrock Water

Bare

GroundGrass/Grasslike Forb

Shrub/

Vine Tree

4 to 8 0 to 1 1 to 10 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 20 to 50

20 to 50 5 to 15 1 to 10 0 to 0 2 to 10



<=0.5 feet 1 to 5 0 to 5 1 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 5 to 10 1 to 5 1 to 10

< 1 - >= 2 feet 10 to 20 1 to 5 5 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 10 0 to 2 1 to 10

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 1 to 5 0 to 5

> 13 - < 40 feet 1 to 5

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4111

Growth Curve Name: 41.1 16-30" p.z. all sites





State and Transition, Limy Slopes 12-16" p.z.


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. Perennial forbs are well represented on the site, as well as a few species of half shrubs. Most of the major perennial grasses on the site are well dispersed throughout the plant community. Black grama occurs in patches of various sizes and these patches appear to be well dispersed over larger areas of the site. The aspect is open grassland.

With continuous heavy grazing, the potential dominant grasses are replaced by increases in species like red threeawn, blue threeawn, slim tridens and fluffgrass. Low shrubs that can increase on the site include paperflower, snakeweed, ratear coldenia, and desert zinnia. Large shrubs such as creosotebush, whitethorn, paloverde, little leaf sumac and tarbush can invade this site from adjacent areas of Limy Upland or Limestone Hills. Natural fire may have been a factor in the development of the potential plant community. Gravel size cover may be inadequate on steep slopes in preventing water erosion. Loss of dark colored surface soil (A horizon) can reduce site productivity. Lehmann lovegrass can invade and become dominant on areas of this site where perennial grass cover has been lost due the interactions of drought, fire and continuous grazing.



Limy Slopes 12-16" pz. half shrubs dominant




1 - Dominant grasses 310 800




2 - Sub-dominant grasses 100 200

















4 - Misc. peren. grasses 10 100
























plains muhly MUCU3 Muhlenbergia cuspidata 0 15












Parry's grama BOPA2 Bouteloua parryi 0 10



















6 - Perennial Forb 30 100









clasping milkweed ASAM Asclepias amplexicaulis 0 1








































clammy groundcherry PHHE5 Physalis heterophylla 0 2

ivyleaf groundcherry PHHEH2 Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia 1 5















rue of the mountains THTE2 Thamnosma texana 0 5

















soft dalea DAMO Dalea mollis 0 5





skeletonweed buckwheat ERDE6 Eriogonum deflexum 0 15








Gaillardia GAILL Gaillardia 0 2






















purple nama NAHI Nama hispidum 0 5















lyreleaf jewelflower STCAA Streptanthus carinatus ssp. arizonicus 0 5










9 - Sub-dom. half shrubs 5 45












viscid acacia ACNE4 Acacia neovernicosa 0 3













Fendler hedgehog cactus ECFE Echinocereus fendleri 0 1

rainbow cactus ECPEP Echinocereus pectinatus var. pectinatus 0 1

white brittlebush ENFA Encelia farinosa 0 5


Eastern Mojave buckwheat ERFAP Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium 0 2












crown of thorns KOSP Koeberlinia spinosa 0 5


creosote bush LATRT Larrea tridentata var. tridentata 0 5













Kearney's sumac RHKE Rhus kearneyi 0 5









11 - Trees 0 20





Prosopis PROSO Prosopis 0 10




Forb 40 50 200



Tree 0 0 20

Total: 555 1000 1765



Basal Cover

Non-

Vascular Plants


Surface Fragments

> 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface



Shrub/ Vine Tree

6 to 20 0 to 1 2 to 10 0 to 0 0 to 0 0 to 1 10 to 50

25 to 50 0 to 8 0 to 0 0 to 0 5 to 25



<=0.5 feet 2 to 20 0 to 5 1 to 10

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 10 to 25 1 to 2 5 to 15

< 1 - >= 2 feet 10 to 20 0 to 2 1 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 5 0 to 5

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 2

Plant Growth Curve:



State and Transition, Limy Slopes 16-20" p.z.


The historic native state includes the native plant communities that occur on the site, including the historic climax plant community. This state includes other plant communities that naturally occupy the site following fire, drought, flooding, herbivores, and other natural disturbances. The historic climax plant community represents the natural climax community that eventually reoccupies the site with proper management.

The list of plants and their relative proportions are based on near normal years. Fluctuations in species composition and relative production may change from year to year dependant upon abnormal precipitation or other climatic factors.

The potential plant community has been determined by a study of range relict areas, or areas protected from excessive grasses. Trends in plant communities going from heavily grazed to lightly grazed, seasonal-use pasture and historical accounts have also been used.

The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses with a fair component of cool season perennial grasses and half shrubs. Cool season grasses tend to be clumped on the site and not evenly dispersed in the community. Several species of shrubs, cacti, other succulents and forbs are represented in the plant community. The aspect is open grassland to savannah.

With continuous heavy grazing, cool season grasses and warm season mid-grasses are removed from the plant community and replaced by unpalatable species like red and blue threeawn. With severe deterioration, shrubby species like wait-a-bit mimosa, one-seed juniper and sotol can increase to dominate the site. Mesquite, whitethorn acacia and Lehmann lovegrass can invade the community on this site and increase to dominate. Naturally occurring fires in June-August are an important factor in shaping this plant community. Fire-free intervals range from 10-20 years. Without periodic disturbance, like grazing or fire, perennial mid-grasses can become decadent and forbs like herbaceous sage and cudweed can increase to dominate the plant community. This site is one of the principle habitats for beargrass in this LRA. Extensive stands are utilized by Mexican industries in making brooms, mats and baskets. To a lesser degree, they are used by native Americans in basket making. Plants should not be harvested more than once every three years to allow adequate recovery and seed production.

Periodic drought can occur in this LRA and cause significant grass mortality. Droughts in the early 30s, mid-50s, 1975-76, 1988-89, 95-96 and 2002 resulted in the loss of much of the grass cover on this site. The site recovers rapidly, however, due to covers of gravel and cobble and the good climate prevailing in this LRA.



Limy Slopes 16-20" pz. HCPC




1 - Dominant mid grasses 300 600


























matted grama BOSI2 Bouteloua simplex 0 1






















in Pounds Per Acre



shrubby copperleaf ACPH3 Acalypha phleoides 0 2


































New Mexico checkermallow SINE3 Sidalcea neomexicana 0 1







































































in Pounds Per Acre


9 - Yucca like plants 30 150



12 - Succulents 0 5





Pima pineapple cactus COROS Coryphantha robustispina ssp. scheeri 0 1








largefruit fishhook cactus MAWR2 Mammillaria wrightii 0 1


twistspine pricklypear OPMA2 Opuntia macrorhiza 0 1

purple pricklypear OPMA8 Opuntia macrocentra 0 1




13 - Trees 0 25









Forb 70 140 210


Shrub/Vine 20 45 75

Tree 0 5 25



Total: 671 1290 1685



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

Plants

Biological

Crust Litter

Surface Fragments

> 1/4 &

<= 3"

Surface Fragments

> 3" Bedrock Water

Bare

GroundGrass/Grasslike Forb

Shrub/

Vine Tree

8 to 20 0 to 1 1 to 5 0 to 0 0 to 1 1 to 10 30 to 60

10 to 45 0 to 5 0 to 0 0 to 0 5 to 20



<=0.5 feet 1 to 5 0 to 2 1 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 15 to 30 1 to 5 1 to 5

< 1 - >= 2 feet 15 to 30 0 to 2 1 to 5

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 10 1 to 5

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 1 0 to 1

> 13 - < 40 feet 0 to 2

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4111




Percent Production by Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec



State and Transition, Loamy Slopes 12-16" p.z.


The potential plant community of this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses with a variety of shrubs, succulents and forbs being well represented. The major perennial grasses are well dispersed throughout the plant community. The aspect is shrub dotted grassland.

With continuous heavy grazing, palatable perennial grasses are removed and species like mesquite, catclaw acacia, mimosa, ocotillo, snakeweed, burroweed and prickly pear increase to dominate. Natural fire may have been an important part in the development of the potential plant community. With steep slopes and heavy textured horizons near the soil surface, this site becomes an ineffective user of intense summer rainfall if the perennial grass cover is depleted. The potential of the site to produce grass is reduced as tree canopy increases. The site can produce effective herbaceous covers with up to 5-10% tree canopy. Fire and drought interactions can deplete the perennial grass cover. When this is followed by a wet spring tremendous stands of annual forbs like goldeneye, poppy and lupine can result.



Loamy Slopes 12-16" pz. HCPC



in Pounds Per Acre





















4 - Short lived grasses 10 200




















spike dropseed SPCO4 Sporobolus contractus 0 5





Santa Rita threeawn ARCAG Aristida californica var. glabrata 0 5


























red sprangletop LEPA6 Leptochloa panicea 1 25

















poreleaf dogweed ADPO2 Adenophyllum porophyllum 0 10




Anoda ANODA Anoda 0 1


narrowleaf silverbush ARLA12 Argythamnia lanceolata 0 5
























desert trumpet buckwheat ERIN4 Eriogonum inflatum 0 2







Arizona rosemallow HIBI Hibiscus biseptus 0 1





















Pseudognaphalium PSEUD43 Pseudognaphalium 0 2











Tradescantia TRADE Tradescantia 0 1





































Arizona gumweed GRAR2 Grindelia arizonica 0 5







Goodding bladderpod LEGO2 Lesquerella gooddingii 0 1



























flattop buckwheat ERFA2 Eriogonum fasciculatum 0 2















marvel dewberry RUMI3 Rubus mirus 0 2

Sageretia SAGER Sageretia 0 2

threadleaf ragwort SEFLF Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus 0 1

































in Pounds Per Acre


13 - Trees 1 45









Forb 25 50 230





Tree 1 5 45

Total: 426 905 1505



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

PlantsBiological

Crust Litter

Surface

Fragments > 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface Fragments



6 to 15 0 to 1 0 to 2 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 5 10 to 50

15 to 55 0 to 8 0 to 0 0 to 0 15 to 25



<=0.5 feet 2 to 15 1 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 2 to 15 1 to 20 1 to 10

< 1 - >= 2 feet 15 to 30 0 to 5 1 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 10 0 to 1 0 to 2

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 1 0 to 1

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4131

Growth Curve Name: 41.3 12-16" p.z. hill sites







State and Transition, Loamy Slopes 16-20" p.z.


The historic native state includes the plant communities that occur on the site, including the historic climax plant community. This state includes other plant communities that naturally occupy the site following fire, drought, flooding, herbivores, and other natural disturbances. The historic climax plant community represents the natural climax community that eventually re-occupies the site with proper management.

The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial mid-grasses. The major grass species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. Stands of Palmer agave occur in dense patches and are not well dispersed through areas of the site. Several species of low shrubs, cacti and other succulents, and forbs are well represented in this plant community. The aspect is open grassland to savannah. North slopes will often have an open canopy of oaks and / or juniper. South slopes will be agave dotted grassland.

With continuous, heavy grazing, mid-grasses are removed from the plant community and replaced by short grasses such as curly mesquite, slender grama and sprucetop grama. With severe deterioration, shrubby species such as wait-a-bit mimosa, one-seed and alligator juniper, and mesquite can increase to dominate the site. With good management, native mid-grasses will be able to regain their dominance in the plant community, unless soil erosion is severe enough to strip away the surface horizon. Mesquite and Lehmann lovegrass are at the upper limits of their elevation range, but can increase on the site, especially below 5000 feet elevation and on southern exposures. Climatic warming may allow these two species to push higher in elevation as time goes by. Naturally occurring fires in June-August were an important factor in shaping this plant community. Fire-free intervals range from 10-20 years. Without disturbance like grazing or fire, perennial mid-grasses can become decadent and forbs like annual goldeneye, cudweed and camphorweed can increase to dominate the plant community. This site is the principal habitat for the Agave Palmeri in southeastern Arizona, an important food source for the endangered lesser long-nosed bat in June, July, and August. Dense stands of this species occur scattered throughout areas of this site. Nectar production in these stands ranges from 6-10 gallons per acre.

Periodic drought can occur in this LRA and cause significant grass mortality. Droughts in the early 30s, mid 50s, 1975-1976, 88-89, 95-96 and 2002 resulted in the loss of much of the grass cover on this site. The site recovers rapidly, however, due to excellent covers of stone, cobbles and gravel and the favorable climate that prevails in this common resource area.



Loamy Slopes 16-20" pz. Agave Palmeri





in Pounds Per Acre













































Porter melicgrass MEPO Melica porteri 0 2








yellow bristlegrass SELE6 Setaria leucopila 0 5











matted grama BOSI2 Bouteloua simplex 0 1










little barley HOPU Hordeum pusillum 0 1










Pacific fescue VUMIP Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora 0 2

















Cochise scaly cloakfern ASCO42 Astrolepis cochisensis 0 1












copper fern BOHI Bommeria hispida 0 1








Fendler's lipfern CHFE2 Cheilanthes fendleri 0 1

fairyswords CHLI Cheilanthes lindheimeri 0 1



















oakbelt fleabane ERNE3 Erigeron neomexicanus 0 2





























radish root woodsorrel OXAL Oxalis albicans 0 1

Drummond's woodsorrel OXDR Oxalis drummondii 0 1






















Missouri goldenrod SOMI2 Solidago missouriensis 0 2





































Coulter's horseweed LACO13 Laennecia coulteri 0 1

















purple-white owlclover ORPU2 Orthocarpus purpureoalbus 0 1

















streptanthella STREP Streptanthella 0 1



in Pounds Per Acre






cliff goldenbush ERCUS Ericameria cuneata var. spathulata 0 10




9 - Succulents 2 50




Santa Cruz beehive cactus CORE3 Coryphantha recurvata 0 1







claretcup hedgehog cactus ECTR Echinocereus triglochidiatus 0 1

































11 - Trees 0 50









Forb 11 60 250





Tree 0 10 50

Total: 763 1520 2350



Basal Cover

Non-

Vascular Plants


Surface Fragments

> 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface



Shrub/ Vine Tree

8 to 15 0 to 1 1 to 2 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 5 20 to

50

15 to 45 0 to 5 0 to 0 0 to 0 15 to 40



<=0.5 feet 5 to 10 1 to 10 1 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 10 to 20 1 to 10 1 to 5

< 1 - >= 2 feet 15 to 30 1 to 20 1 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 5 to 15 0 to 2 1 to 10

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 5 0 to 5

> 13 - < 40 feet 0 to 5

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4111








Sandy Loam Deep 12-16" p.z.


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. The major perennial grass species on the site tend to be well dispersed throughout the plant community. Several species of half-shrubs are well represented in the plant community. The aspect is grassland with occasional clumps of desert hackberry, catclaw acacia or mesquite.

With continuous heavy grazing, palatable perennial grasses are removed from the potential plant community and species such as Rothrock grama, mesa threeawn, and spidergrass increase. In areas where burroweed dominates the plant community the potential production of perennial mid-grasses is equal to the present production of burroweed once it is removed from the plant community. Even with low plant cover, these soils produce very little runoff and have very low erosion rates. Some soils are sandy textured but have enough coarse fragments that they are not subject to wind erosion. Naturally occurring wildfires (June through August) were important in the development of the potential plant community, and helped maintain a grassland aspect. Hydrologic relationships are good with very little runoff in most years due to coarse textured soils, high plant and litter cover and low soil bulk densities.



Sandy Loam Deep 12-16" pz.



in Pounds Per Acre


1 - dominant mid-grasses 200 450




2 - subdom mid-grasses 50 200





3 - suffrutescent grasses 110 230




4 - short lived grasses 35 150



















mesa dropseed SPFL2 Sporobolus flexuosus 0 50


6 - perennial threeawns 10 80




















canyon cupgrass ERLE7 Eriochloa lemmonii 0 25
















8 - perennial forbs 20 100






















Arizona foldwing DIRE4 Dicliptera resupinata 0 25





Wright thimblehead HYWR Hymenothrix wrightii 0 2






















white prairie aster SYFAC Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum 0 1



















Paiute suncup CASCM Camissonia scapoidea ssp. macrocarpa 0 5




croton CRHE4 Croton heterocarpus 0 5





Palmer's spectaclepod DICA31 Dimorphocarpa candicans 1 15
















Lemmon's linanthus LELE29 Leptosiphon lemmonii 0 5



maresfat LOSA Lotus salsuginosus 0 25






























10 - half shrubs 30 110




Thurber's penstemon PETH3 Penstemon thurberi 0 10



11 - large shrubs 25 60














candle cholla CYKL Cylindropuntia kleiniae 0 5















13 - increaser half shrubs 1 50





in Pounds Per Acre


14 - trees 0 15

Mexican palo verde PAAC3 Parkinsonia aculeata 0 5









Forb 30 50 250



Tree 0 5 15

Total: 521 1005 1855



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

PlantsBiological

Crust Litter

Surface

Fragments > 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface Fragments



6 to 15 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 5 30 to

75

5 to 20 0 to 2 0 to 0 0 to 0 10 to 25



<=0.5 feet 0 to 10 0 to 5 0 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 10 to 20 1 to 5 2 to 10

< 1 - >= 2 feet 20 to 40 0 to 5 0 to 10

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 10 0 to 1

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 1 0 to 1

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4134

Growth Curve Name: 41.3 12-16" p.z. other sites


Growth begins in the spring, semi-dormancy occurs during the May through June drought, most growth occurs during the summer rains.



Sandy Loam Upland 12-16" p.z.


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. All the major perennial grass species on the site tend to be well dispersed throughout the plant community. Perennial forbs and shrubs are minor on the site. The aspect is open grassland.

With continuous heavy grazing, palatable perennial grasses are removed from the plant community and species like Rothrock grama and threeawns will increase. With severe deterioration, shrubby species will increase or invade and dominate the plant community. This is the most productive upland site in the CRA. Natural fire was important in the development of the potential plant community. Stable areas of this site can produce effective herbaceous covers with up to 10% canopy cover of mesquite. In areas where half-shrubs dominate the under-story, the potential production of perennial grasses is equal to present production of half-shrubs once they are removed by fire or another type of brush management.




1 - dominant mid-grasses 200 480





2 - suffrutescent grasses 200 300




3 - short lived grasses 15 120




4 - short gramas 80 180




















8 - perennial forbs 10 60




Allium ALLIU Allium 0 1








petite flamboyant bauhinia BAMU3 Bauhinia multinervia 0 10





































Anoda ANODA Anoda 0 6

rockcress ARABI Arabidopsis 0 6



















Eriophyllum ERIOP2 Eriophyllum 0 6
















Texas bluebonnet LUSU Lupinus subcarnosus 0 15





Arizona adder's-mouth orchid MATE2 Malaxis tenuis 0 25


Mirabilis MIRAB Mirabilis 0 6









Phaseolus PHASE Phaseolus 0 6










Salvia SALVI Salvia 0 6






verbena VEPO4 Verbena polystachya 0 6


in Pounds Per Acre


10 - half shrubs 10 50



11 - increaser half-shrubs 1 35

















purple coneflower ECHIN Echinacea 0 1





















13 - native trees 0 5










Forb 20 40 160



Tree 0 1 5

Total: 602 1066 1755



Basal Cover

Non-Vascular

PlantsBiological

Crust Litter

Surface Fragments

> 1/4 & <= 3"

Surface Fragments



8 to 15 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 0 to 1 1 to 10 20 to 75

5 to 40 0 to 5 0 to 0 0 to 0 10 to 20



<=0.5 feet 1 to 15 0 to 5 1 to 5

> 0.5 - < 1 feet 10 to 25 0 to 2 1 to 10

< 1 - >= 2 feet 15 to 25 0 to 1 0 to 5

> 2 - < 4.5 feet 0 to 5 0 to 1

< 4.5 - >= 13 feet 0 to 1 0 to 1

Plant Growth Curve:


AZ4134

Growth Curve Name: 41.3 12-16" p.z. other sites

Growth Curve Growth begins in the spring, semi-dormancy occurs during the May through June drought,



State and Transition, Sandy Wash 12-16" pz.


The potential plant community of this site is a diverse mixture of perennial grasses, forbs, vines, trees and shrubs. Annual forbs and grasses of both the warm and cool seasons are well represented in the plant community. The major grass, forb and shrub species on the site are well dispersed throughout the plant community. The aspect is savannah. Periodic natural fires were important in maintaining a balance between woody species and herbaceous species.

With continuous heavy grazing, palatable mid-grasses decline and species such as Rothrock grama, dropseed and threeawns increase. With severe deterioration, woody species increase to dominate the plant community. Mesquite, with lesser amounts of catclaw acacia and desert willow, form the over-story and burroweed dominates the under-story. Actively eroding areas become dominated by shrubs like burrobrush, rubber rabbitbush, batamote and desert broom. The site is very susceptible to gully, channel and bank erosion, especially where it has deteriorated to shrubby conditions and where depleted watershed areas are contributing larger than normal amounts of runoff. The lowering of the base level of the axial stream of a watershed will eventually cause channeling of the site. Deeply channeled areas will no longer flood the stream terraces of this site. Due to deep, course textured soils and extra moisture received as flooding, trees grow to maximum size on the site. This site can produce effective herbaceous covers with tree canopies up to 25%.











2 - Suffrutescent grasses 50 300






3 - Miscellaneous Grasses 50 100






















knotroot paspalum PADI6 Paspalum distichum 0 5



alkali sacaton SPAI Sporobolus airoides 0 15


















Arizona barley HOAR Hordeum arizonicum 0 25




























skeletonweed CHAET Chaetadelpha 0 5






buffalo gourd CUFO Cucurbita foetidissima 0 5








fringed twinevine FUCYC Funastrum cynanchoides ssp. cynanchoides 0 10









Coulter's lyrepod LYCO4 Lyrocarpa coulteri 0 5

roving sailor MAAN9 Maurandella antirrhiniflora 0 5

Gila manroot MAGI Marah gilensis 0 15










mesquite mistletoe PHCA8 Phoradendron californicum 1 10


Colorado Desert mistletoe PHMA18 Phoradendron macrophyllum 0 5

































lobed tickseed COAU Coreopsis auriculata 0 5


Conyza CONYZ Conyza 0 10


cutleaf cyclanthera CYDI Cyclanthera dissecta 0 5



Palmer's spectaclepod DICA31 Dimorphocarpa candicans 0 5












common sunflower HEAN3 Helianthus annuus 0 20


























Mexican passionflower PAME2 Passiflora mexicana 0 5




















climbing arrowheads SIGR Sicyosperma gracile 0 10





common cocklebur XAST Xanthium strumarium 0 2


in Pounds Per Acre


7 - Riverwash shrubs 25 150

canyon ragweed AMAM2 Ambrosia ambrosioides 0 25


seepwillow baccharis BASA4 Baccharis salicifolia 0 20

sweetbush bebbia BEJU Bebbia juncea 0 15

rubber rabbitbrush ERNALEricameria nauseosa ssp. consimilis var. leiosperma

0 100

singlewhorl burrobrush HYMO Hymenoclea monogyra 1 100
















sorrelvine CITR2 Cissus trifoliata 0 5

Drummond virginsbower CLDR Clematis drummondii 1 20











Apache plume FAPA Fallugia paradoxa 0 20








Texas mulberry MOMI Morus microphylla 0 10




Thurber sandpaper plant PETH4 Petalonyx thurberi 0 5





threadleaf ragwort SEFLF Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus 0 10


canyon grape VIAR2 Vitis arizonica 0 10






in Pounds Per Acre


9 - Dominant trees 300 800


netleaf hackberry CELAR Celtis laevigata var. reticulata 0 50

desert-willow CHLI2 Chilopsis linearis 0 50

velvet ash FRVE2 Fraxinus velutina 0 25

Arizona black walnut JUMA Juglans major 0 25




Arizona sycamore PLWR2 Platanus wrightii 0 15

Fremont cottonwood POFR2 Populus fremontii 0 10

Prosopis PROSO Prosopis 200 500

coyote willow SAEX Salix exigua 0 15

American black elderberry SANIC4 Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis 0 20





Forb 40 100 550



Tree 300 500 800

Total: 825 1800 3150




State and Transition, Volcanic Hills 12-16" p.z.,


The potential plant community on this site is dominated by warm season perennial grasses. Many species of shrubs and succulents are well represented on the site. Larger shrubs are concentrated at the edges of rock outcrops and in canyon bottoms. All the major grass species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. The aspect is shrub dotted grassland. Cool season plants start growth in early spring and mature early summer. Warm season plants take advantage of summer rains and are growing and nutritious July-September. Warm season grasses may remain green through the winter. In the absence of wildfire for long periods of time and with overgrazing, shrubs and succulents can increase to dominate the plant community. Climatic warming may be driving increase of shrubs like the mimosa species. Lehmann lovegrass can invade and increase on areas of this site. As fire, drought and/or continuous grazing act to reduce the cover of native perennial grasses, Lehmann can take advantage by increasing in dominance. Fires, in the presence of Lehmann, will use act to increase the spread of this non-native grass. Well developed gravel, stone and cobble covers protect the soil from erosion and protect forage species from heavy utilization. Large areas of rock outcrop and inaccessible areas hold reserves of perennial grasses and forbs to help reseed lower slopes as needed. Natural fire was an important factor in the development of the potential plant community and helped maintain a balance between grasses, forbs and shrubs. The natural fire free interval was about 10 years.



Volcanic Hills 12-16" pz, loamy,




1 - Dominant Mid Grasses 200 450





















































purple threeawn ARPUP9 Aristida purpurea var. perplexa 0 10



















goldentop grass LAAU Lamarckia aurea 0 1















































desert trumpet buckwheat ERIN4 Eriogonum inflatum 0 2







Arizona gumweed GRARS Grindelia arizonica var. stenophylla 0 2

hairy false goldenaster HEVI4 Heterotheca villosa 0 5

Arizona rosemallow HIBI Hibiscus biseptus 0 1







longflower tube tongue JULO3 Justicia longii 0 5




red and yellow deervetch LORI3 Lotus rigidus 1 15













desert penstemon PEPS Penstemon pseudospectabilis 0 1































Arizona monardella MOAR Monardella arizonica 0 1























9 - Dominant Half Shrubs 25 70










Schott's stickpea ZAFOS Zapoteca formosa var. schottii 0 10



















ragged rockflower CRBI2 Crossosoma bigelovii 0 1





flattop buckwheat ERFA2 Eriogonum fasciculatum 0 5











limberbush JACU Jatropha cuneata 0 2


















































12 - Trees 0 20

netleaf hackberry CELAR Celtis laevigata var. reticulata 0 5










Forb 20 50 180



Tree 0 10 20

Total: 430 860 1360





Ecological Site Description System Page 3 of 16 State and ... · narrowleaf bean PHAN3 Phaseolus...

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