Ecological Organization Intro to Enviro Expo Part 1
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Transcript of Ecological Organization Intro to Enviro Expo Part 1
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Ecological OrganizationIntro to Enviro Expo Part 1
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What is ecology?• The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer
• It is a science of relationships.
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What do you mean by environment?
The environment is made up of two factors:
Biotic factors- all living organisms inhabiting the Earth
Abiotic factors- nonliving parts of the environment (i.e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents)
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Knowledge Check
Identify 2 biotic and 2 abiotic factors.
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Organism
Population
Community
Biosphere
Ecosystem
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Organism- any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an individual.•The lowest level of organization
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Population-a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources (ex. food, mates, shelter)
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Community- several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent.
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Ecosystem- populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact (ex. marine, terrestrial)
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Biosphere- life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water, and salt water.•The highest level of organization
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Habitat vs. NicheNiche - the role a species plays in a community (job)
Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life (address)
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Habitat vs. NicheA niche is determined by the tolerance limitations of an organism, or a limiting factor.
Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment.
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Examples of limiting factors-
•Amount of water•Amount of food•Temperature
Habitat vs. Niche
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Knowledge Check
REVIEW: Place the levels of ecological organization in order from smallest to largest. Define each term.
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?
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Feeding Relationships• There are 3 main types of
feeding relationships1. Producer- Consumer
2. Predator- Prey3. Parasite- Host
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Feeding RelationshipsProducer- all
autotrophs (plants), they trap energy from the sun
• Bottom of the food chain
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Feeding RelationshipsConsumer- all heterotrophs:
they ingest food containing the sun’s energy
• Herbivores• Carnivores• Omnivores
• Decomposers
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Feeding RelationshipsConsumer-
Herbivores–Eat plants
• Primary consumers
• Prey animals
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Feeding RelationshipsConsumer-Carnivores-eat
meat• Predators
–Hunt prey animals for food.
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Feeding RelationshipsConsumer- Carnivores- eat
meat• Scavengers
–Feed on carrion, dead animals
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Feeding Relationships
Consumer- Omnivores -eat both plants and animals
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Feeding Relationships
Consumer- Decomposers
• Breakdown the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be absorbed
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Knowledge Check
What are the four main categories of consumers?
What types of organisms are producers? Consumers?
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Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiosis- two species living
together3 Types of symbiosis:1. Commensalism2. Parasitism3. Mutualism
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Symbiotic RelationshipsCommensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. orchids on a treeEpiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called aerophyte, air plant.
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Symbiotic RelationshipsParasitism- one species benefits (parasite)
and the other is harmed (host)
• Parasite-Host relationship
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Symbiotic RelationshipsParasitism- parasite-hostEx.leeches, fleas,ticks,tapeworm
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Symbiotic RelationshipsMutualism-
beneficial to both species
Ex. lichens
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Type of relationship
Species harmed
Species benefits
Species neutral
CommensalismParasitism
Mutualism
= 1 species
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Trophic Levels
• Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level.
• Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem.
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Trophic LevelsBiomass- the amount of organic
matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat.
Food chain- simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
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Trophic Levels
• As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease.
• Energy is transferred upwards but is diminished with each transfer.
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energy
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Knowledge Check
Analyze the food chain below and answer the following questions:1. What is the original source of energy?2. Label each organism according to its
trophic level3. Label each organism based on it’s feeding
relationship (omnivore, carnivore, etc.)
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Trophic Levels
Food web- shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level
• Represents a network of interconnected food chains
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Food chain Food web(just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy
paths)
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Knowledge Check
• For the food web below, label each organism: (some may have more than one label)
P= producer 1= primary consumer 2= secondary consumer 3= tertiary consumer 4= quaternary consumer
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