ECOLOGICAL FILTERING AND EXAPTATION IN THE EVOLUTION …
Transcript of ECOLOGICAL FILTERING AND EXAPTATION IN THE EVOLUTION …
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ECOLOGICAL FILTERING AND EXAPTATION IN THE EVOLUTION OF
MARINE SNAKES
William Gearty
@willgearty
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CONVERGENT EVOLUTION IS COMMON
Kelley and Pyenson 2015, Science
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BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
National Geographic
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National Geographic
Clemente 2014, Evolution
BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
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National Geographic
Clemente 2014, Evolution
BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
Other
Bipedal
Posterior Anterior
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2Residual Center of Mass
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BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
AMNH
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BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
Modified from MacFadden 2005, Science
Increasing aridity and spread of grasslands inNorth America
AMNH
Milli
on o
f yea
rs a
go
Grazers
Mixed Feeders
Browsers
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BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
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9Wiens and Hoverman 2008, Evolution and Development
BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
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10Wiens and Hoverman 2008, Evolution and Development
BUT NOT ALWAYS DUE TO ADAPTATION
Digit Loss
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HOW TO DISCRIMINATEIN DEEP TIME?
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HOW TO DISCRIMINATEIN DEEP TIME?
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Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
DISCRIMINATING AMONG MECHANISMS
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
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After Invasion
During Invasion
Before Invasion
Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
DISCRIMINATING AMONG MECHANISMS
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After Invasion
Before Invasion
During Invasion
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
DISCRIMINATING AMONG MECHANISMS
Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
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DISCRIMINATING AMONG MECHANISMS
After Invasion
Before Invasion
During Invasion
Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist&
Exa
ptat
ion
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DISCRIMINATING AMONG MECHANISMS
After Invasion
Before Invasion
During Invasion &
Exa
ptat
ion
Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
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EVOLUTION OF MARINE SNAKES
wikipedia.org
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BIOME DATA COLLECTION
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BIOME OCCUPANCY
1243 Total Snake Species
38 17 1592
267
921
691
221
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OTHER DATA
• Body mass
• Average temperature• Average elevation
• Phylogeny (timescaled with fossil calibrations)
• Reproductive mode (eggs vs. live birth)
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ESTIMATE ANCESTRALBIOMES AND TRAITS
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ESTIMATE ANCESTRAL BIOMES
revbayes.github.io
DEC MODEL
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29Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
ESTIMATE ANCESTRAL BIOMES
F
W
S
K
File snakes
Water snakes
Sea snakes
Sea kraits
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JOINTLY ESTIMATE OTHER TRAITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
threshml• Jointly estimates discrete and continuous characters• Threshold model for discrete characters• Infers (and accounts for) covariances of characters
Felsenstein 2005, Proceedings B
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JOINTLY ESTIMATE OTHER TRAITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
F
W
S
K
File snakes
Water snakes
Sea snakes
Sea kraits
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TRAIT EVOLUTION ACROSS MARINE INVASIONS
After Invasion
Before Invasion
During Invasion &
Exa
ptat
ion
Evolution of Trait
Inva
sion
of N
ew N
iche
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
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TRAIT EVOLUTION ACROSS MARINE INVASIONS
After Invasion
Before Invasion
During Invasion &
Exa
ptat
ion
Modified from Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
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ELEVATION
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
Ecological filtering for lower elevations
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TEMPERATURE
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
Ecological filtering for warmer temperatures
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No ecological filtering for freshwater history
PREVIOUS AQUATIC HABITATS
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
No ecological filtering for semiaquatic history
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BODY MASS
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
Minor ecological filtering?
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VIVIPARITY
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist
Ecological filtering for viviparity
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TAKEAWAYS
• Viviparity may be the most important “preadaptation” to invading the marine realm for snakes
• Strong ecological filtering in all but one invasion lineage
• Previously evolved as an adaptation for climate control during development
• Exapted for preventing suffocation during development
• Marine invasions originated from many different habitats
• Former habitat did not need to be aquatic
• Former habitat must have been in tropical regions at low elevation
• This reduces the need for larger body sizes (although there is still some minor ecological filtering)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Elsie CarrilloChristianne Orsmby
Jonathan PaynePayne Paleobiology LabLyons Paleoecology Lab
Wagner Paleobiology Lab
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OTHER BIOMES
Gearty, Carrillo, and Payne 2021, The American Naturalist