Ecological Assessment Report...Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Rev 0 1 1....

Ecological Consulting

Ecological Assessment Report Sustain Phase 2018

51WV923

Compiled by BOOBOOK for Origin

Document No. Q-4200-15-RP-1269

Revision Date Description Author Verifier Approved

A 15/6/2015 Draft issued for client review C. Eddie, R. Shojinaga R. Aisthorpe C. Eddie

0 11/8/2015 Final version to client R. Shojinaga C. Eddie C. Eddie

15 Quintin Street PO Box 924 Roma QLD 4455 Ph. 07 4622 2646 Fax 07 4622 1325 [email protected] ABN: 94 617 952 309 www.boobook.biz

mailto:[email protected]

Rev 0 i

Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Scope of Works ................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Definitions & Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2.1. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2.2. Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2.1. Document References ............................................................................................................................... 2

2. Site Context ............................................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

3.1. Desktop & Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 4

3.2. Field Survey ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.2.1. Vegetation Community Survey ................................................................................................................. 5

3.2.2. Habitat Survey ........................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.3. Threatened Flora & Fauna Survey............................................................................................................. 6

3.2.4. Pest Flora and Fauna Survey ..................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.5. Disturbance Survey ................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.6. Watercourse/Wetland Survey .................................................................................................................. 7

3.2.7. Survey Limitations ..................................................................................................................................... 7

4. Results & Discussion ................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.1. Desktop & Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 7

4.2. Field Survey ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.2.1. Commonwealth Environmental Matters .................................................................................................. 7

4.2.1.1. Ground-truthed Threatened Ecological Communities ...................................................................... 8

4.2.1.2. Threatened Flora ............................................................................................................................... 8

4.2.1.3. Threatened Fauna ............................................................................................................................. 9

4.2.1.4. Migratory Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 11

4.2.1.5. Marine Fauna .................................................................................................................................. 12

4.2.2. Queensland Environmental Matters ....................................................................................................... 13

4.2.2.1. Ground-truthed Regional Ecosystems ............................................................................................ 14

4.2.2.2. Threatened Flora ............................................................................................................................. 16

4.2.2.3. Threatened Fauna ........................................................................................................................... 17

4.2.2.4. Pest Fauna ....................................................................................................................................... 19

4.2.3. Disturbances ........................................................................................................................................... 19

4.2.4. Watercourses & Wetlands ...................................................................................................................... 19

4.2.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 20

Appendix A. Site Location & Vegetation Survey Points. ................................................................................................. 21

Appendix B. Results of EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool ........................................................................................ 23

Appendix C. Wildlife Online Database Search Results. .................................................................................................. 33

Appendix D. DNRM Mapped Regional Ecosystems. ....................................................................................................... 40

Appendix E. DEHP Mapping of ESAs & Other Environmental Values on Site. ................................................................ 42

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Appendix F. List of Fauna & Native Flora Species Identified on Site. ............................................................................. 44

Appendix G. Ground Truthed Threatened Ecological Communities. ............................................................................. 48

Appendix H. Ground Truthed Regional Ecosystems. ...................................................................................................... 50

Appendix I. Threatened & Special Least Concern Flora & Fauna Recorded at the Site ................................................. 52

Appendix J. Pest Fauna Recorded at the Site. ................................................................................................................ 54

Appendix K. Ground Truthed Drainage Features & Wetlands Present on Site. ............................................................. 56

List of Tables Table 1: Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 2: Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 3: Associated Document References....................................................................................................................... 2 Table 4: Site Context ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Table 5: Desktop and Literature Review Sources ............................................................................................................. 4 Table 6: Commonwealth Environmental Matters – Field Survey Results ......................................................................... 7 Table 7: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. 8 Table 8: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 9: Field survey results for EPBC Act migratory fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Table 10: Field survey results for EPBC Act marine fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. . 12 Table 11: State environmental matters – field survey results ........................................................................................ 13 Table 12: Ground-truthed remnant and regrowth regional ecosystems ....................................................................... 15 Table 13: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. ......... 16 Table 14: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence. ....... 17 Table 15: Pest fauna recorded at the Site. ...................................................................................................................... 19 Table 16: Ground-truthed drainage features at the Site. ............................................................................................... 19

Conclusions drawn in this report are based on available information at the time of writing. Any additional information may alter such conclusions and the author reserves the right to do so if such information becomes available. This report has been made as at the date of the report and is not to be used after six (6) months and not if there are any material changes meanwhile. In either event it should be referred back for review. To the extent permitted by law BOOBOOK does not accept liability for any loss or damage which any person may suffer arising from any negligence or breach of contract on its part. This report was prepared for the benefit of the party to whom it is directed only and for the purpose identified within. BOOBOOK does not accept responsibility to any other person for the contents of the report.

Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923

Rev 0 1

1. Introduction

This report provides a description of the ecological values found within lot/plans 51WV923, herein referred to as ‘the Site’. The results are based on an initial desktop assessment followed by a field survey to confirm the vegetation communities, flora and fauna species, habitat values and areas of disturbance.

The field survey was conducted between 21 and 25 May 2015 by Craig Eddie (Principal Ecologist) and Angela Bendall (Field Technician). Craig Eddie who received Department of the Environment (DOE) approval on 31st March 2011 to undertake tasks relating to the Australia Pacific LNG Pty Limited (Australia Pacific LNG) project. BOOBOOK also received company approval by DOE on the 28th of June 2011.

1.1. Scope of Works

An ecological assessment survey was required for lot/plans 51WV923, located approximately 59.5 km west-southwest of Wandoan. The survey was conducted over the entirety of the reserve as well as the immediately adjacent road reserves. The site location and survey points are shown in Appendix A.

1.2. Definitions & Abbreviations

1.2.1. Definitions

Table 1: Definitions

Term Definition

Motion A proprietary product of Motion Computing®: it comprises a tablet PC with in-built GPS positioning capacity, allowing capture of spatial and other data in the field.

Site Lot/plans 51WV923 and adjacent road reserves.

Likelihood of Occurrence

The likelihood of occurrence of flora and/or fauna of conservation concern at the Site, as used in Origin/Australia Pacific LNG spatial data attribute tables: Possible: <50% likelihood; Probable: 50-90% likelihood; Likely: >90% likelihood. The category “Unlikely” is not used in the spatial attribute tables. It is used here to define probabilities of occurrence that are at or approaching zero.

1.2.2. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are found throughout this report.

Table 2: Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

ALA Atlas of Living Australia

BOM Bureau of Meteorology

BRI Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

DEHP Department of Environment and Heritage Protection

DOE Department of the Environment

e.g. For example

EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area

EVNT Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened

ha hectare(s)

km kilometre(s)

LP Act Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002

m metre(s)

MNES Matters of National Environmental Significance

NC Act Nature Conservation Act 1992

NC Reg Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006

PMST Protected Matters Search Tool


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Abbreviation Description

RE (s) Regional Ecosystem(s)

REDD Regional Ecosystem Description Database

SLC Special Least Concern

TEC (s) Threatened Ecological Community (ies)

VM Act Vegetation Management Act 1999

1.2.1. Document References

The following documents are referred to throughout this report.

Table 3: Associated Document References

Document Number Title

ALA (2015). Atlas of Living Australia. http://www.ala.org.au/

AVH (2015). Australia’s Virtual Herbarium. http://chah.gov.au/avh/

Barrett, G., Silcocks, A., Barry, S., Cunningham, R. and Poulter, R. (2003). The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Birds Australia, Melbourne

Birdlife Australia (2015). Birdata. Birdlife Australia, Melbourne. http://www.birdata.com.au/homecontent.do

Bean, A.R. (2004). The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Austrobaileya 6(4): 734-736

BoM (2015a). Bureau of Meteorology - Climate statistics for Australian Locations. Australian Government, Canberra. Accessed 15/06/2015. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_043091.shtml

BoM (2015b).Bureau of Meteorology May 2015 Daily Weather Observations – Roma. Accessed 15/06/2015. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW4104.latest.shtml

Burnett, S. (2012). Northern Quoll. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 340-341.

Common, I. and Waterhouse, D. (1981). Butterflies of Australia. Revised edition. Angus and Robertson, Sydney.

DEHP (2015a) Wildlife Online. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 15/06/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/wildlife-online/

DEHP (2015b) Map of Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/maps_of_environmentally_sensitive_areas.php

DEHP (2015c) Map of Referable Wetlands. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/ecosystems/wetlands/referable-wetlands-maps.html

DEHP (2015d) Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected-plants/map-request.php

DEHP (2015e) Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD). https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/regional-ecosystems/

Dennis, A. (2012). Northern Quoll. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 374-375.

DNRM (2015) Regional Ecosystem and Remnant Map—version 8.1 for the purpose of the Vegetation Management Act 1999. The Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Brisbane. Accessed 19/05/2015 http://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/land/vegetation-management/vegetation-maps/vegetation-map-request

DEHP (2012) Mature Regrowth Mapping. The Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane.

DoE (2015a) Protected Matters Search Tool. Department of the Environment. Canberra. Accessed 15/06/2015 http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html

DoE (2015b) Species Profile and Threats Database (EPBC Act List of Threatened Ecological Communities). Department of the Environment, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

DoE (2015c) Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Department of Environment, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/what-is-protected/threatened-species-ecological-communities

DSITIA (2014). HERBRECS Queensland Herbarium specimen database. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/

Eddie, C. (2012). Yakka Skink. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 224-225.

Garnett, S.J., Szabo, J.K. and Dutson, G. (2011).The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne

Higgins, P.J. and Davies, S.J.J.F. (1996). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 3: Snipe to Pigeons. Oxford University Press, Melbourne

http://www.ala.org.au/

http://chah.gov.au/avh/

http://www.birdata.com.au/homecontent.do

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_043091.shtml

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW4104.latest.shtml

http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/wildlife/wildlife-online/

http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/maps_of_environmentally_sensitive_areas.php

http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/ecosystems/wetlands/referable-wetlands-maps.html

https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected-plants/map-request.php

https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/protected-plants/map-request.php

https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/regional-ecosystems/

https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/regional-ecosystems/

http://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/land/vegetation-management/vegetation-maps/vegetation-map-request

http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html

http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/what-is-protected/threatened-species-ecological-communities

http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/


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Document Number Title

Higgins, P.J., Peter, J.M. and Steele, W.K. (eds) (2001). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats. Oxford University Press, Melbourne

Hobson, R. (2012a). Dunmall’s Snake. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 243-244

Hobson, R. (2012b). Grey Snake. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 245-246

Holmes, T. (2012). Glossy Black-Cockatoo. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 282-283

Limpus, C., Limpus, D., Parmenter, J., Hodge, J., Forest, M. and McLachlan, J. (2011). The Biology and Management Strategies for Freshwater Turtles in the Fitzroy Catchment, with particular emphasis on Elseya albagula and Rheodytes leukops: A study initiated in response to the proposed construction of Rookwood Weir and the raising of Eden Bann Weir. Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane

Marchant, S. and Higgins, P.J. (1993). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne

Milligan, F. N., Exon, N. F., Burger, D., Casey, D. J. (1967). Australia Geological Mapping, Roma Map sheet SG55-12 1:250,000 Geological series. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Department of National Development, Canberra.

Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B. A., Thompson, E.J. and Dillewaard, H.A. (2012). Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.2.Updated August 2012. Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane.

Peck, S. (2012). Collared Delma. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 218-219

Pizzey, G. and Knight, F. (2010). The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Eighth edition. Harper Collins, Melbourne.

QMDC (2008). Reptiles of the Brigalow Belt: an information kit. WWF-Australia and Queensland Murray Darling Committee

Queensland Parliamentary Counsel (1999) Vegetation Management Act. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/V/VegetManA99.pdf

Queensland Parliamentary Counsel (2002) Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/l/landprpsrma02.pdf

Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, (2000) Water Act, Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/w/watera00.pdf

Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, (2006) Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation. Queensland Government, Brisbane. http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf

Reis, T. (2012). Squatter Pigeon. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (Eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 254-255

Santos (2012). Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs of Eastern Queensland Oil and Gas Fields. Second Edition. Santos, Adelaide

Sattler, P. and Williams, R. (eds) (1999). The Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland Government, Brisbane.

TSSC (2008a). Approved Conservation Advice for Cadellia pentastylis. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/9828-conservation-advice.pdf

TSSC (2008b). Approved Conservation Advice for Tylophora linearis. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/55231-conservation-advice.pdf

TSSC (2008c). Approved Conservation Advice for Homopholis belsonii. [Online]. Threatened Species Scientific Committee, Canberra. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/2406-conservation-advice.pdf

TSSC (2013). Commonwealth Conservation Advice for Brigalow Ecological Community. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities/pubs/028-conservation-advice.pdf

Valentine, P. and Johnson, S. (2012). Pale Imperial Hairstreak Butterfly. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 34-35

Watson, D. (2012). Painted Honeyeater. In: Curtis, L.K. and Dennis, A.J. (eds) Queensland’s Threatened Animals. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Pp. 322-323

Wilson, S. (2005). A Field Guide to Reptiles of Queensland. Reed New Holland, Sydney

Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109 Australian Pacific LNG (2011) Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol.

http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/l/landprpsrma02.pdf

http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/legisltn/current/w/watera00.pdf

http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/9828-conservation-advice.pdf







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2. Site Context

Table 4: Site Context

Bioregion

The Site is entirely within Subregion 26 (Southern Downs) of the Brigalow Belt bioregion. This subregion is characterized by low, hilly landscape with Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments or clay plains (Sattler and Williams 1999). Typically present in this region are forests of Belah (Casuarina cristata) and Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) with Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) and Narrow-leaved Ironbark (E. crebra) communities also present. Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora), Dusky-leaved Ironbark (E. fibrosa subsp. nubila), vine thicket, Astrebla and Acacia communities are also present but less extensive.

Current land use

Previous land use of the Site is unknown but likely to have been for watering and containing travelling livestock. Evidence of extensive vegetation modification in the form of mature regrowth is present. Historical disturbances are likely to have included clearing and/or wildfire. A limited amount of grazing currently at the Site mainly from stray livestock and macropods.

Soils and geology

The Roma 1: 250,000 series SG 55-12 map (Milligan et al. 1967) indicates that one geological unit is represented at the Site. This is sandstone of the Orallo Formation (Juo).

Soils at the Site are cracking grey clays, loams to sandy loams and a localised occurrence of silty alluvium.

The topography of the Site is relatively uniform and flat. Dingo Creek traverses the site from the northeast to the south. Most of the Site is situated on a flat to gently undulating plain.

Land zones as defined within Sattler and Williams (1999) occurring at the Site primarily include land zones 5 (Cainozoic sand plains) and land zone 9 (Cainozoic fine-grained sediments) with a very small occurrence of land zone 3 (Quaternary alluvial systems).

Climate

The nearest Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) weather station to the Site is at Roma, about 87 km southwest of the Site. Yearly average temperatures at Roma range from a mean maximum of 34.2°C in January to a mean minimum of 3.7°C in July (BOM 2015a). Average annual rainfall is 582.4 mm, with the highest monthly average rainfall occurring in February (87.1 mm) and the lowest occurring in July (22.7 mm) (BOM 2015a). At the time of the field survey conditions were fine and cool on 21-22 May (maxima 15.7°C and 15.1°C respectively) and warm from 23-25 May (maxima 20.8°C, 23.6 and 24.3°C respectively (BOM 2015b)).

3. Methodology

The methodology employed in compilation of this Ecological Assessment Report consisted of:

A desktop and literature review of ecological databases and literature sources as direct references for the survey undertaken; and

A field survey of the Site.

An explanation of these activities is outlined in this section.

3.1. Desktop & Literature Review

Sources utilised in the desktop and literature review are listed in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Desktop and Literature Review Sources

Database Co-ordinates or search area Date of search Appendix

DoE (2015a) Environmental Protection Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST)

Lat -26.31299°S, Long 149.40543°E with 10 km buffer

15/06/2015 Appendix B

DEHP (2015a) Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) Protected Species Lists Wildlife Online Database

Lat -26.31299°S, Long 149.40543°E with 10 km buffer

15/06/2015 Appendix C

Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM 2015) Regional Ecosystem and Remnant Map—version 8.1

51WV923 19/05/2015 Appendix D

Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP 2015b ) Map of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA)

Lat -26.31299°S, Long 149.40543°E

19/05/2015 Appendix E

DEHP (2015c) Map of Referable Wetlands and Wetland Protection Areas 51WV923 19/05/2015 N/A


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Database Co-ordinates or search area Date of search Appendix

DEHP (2015d) Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map Lat -26.31299°S, Long 149.40543°E

19/05/2015 N/A

Australia Geological Mapping, Roma Map SHEET SG55-12 1:250,000 Geological series (Milligan et al.1971).

N/A 15/06/2015 N/A

3.2. Field Survey

Ecological surveys were conducted in accordance with:

The Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland (Neldner et al. 2012); and

In line with the methodology described in the Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol (Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109, Australia Pacific LNG 2011).

Field surveys were undertaken between 21 and 25 May 2015.

3.2.1. Vegetation Community Survey

Baseline botanical surveys were undertaken to describe dominant flora and vegetation community structure throughout the survey site. Ground-truthing of the DNRM Regional Ecosystem (RE) designation (DNRM 2015) at and surrounding the Site was undertaken via the quaternary level of data collection as described in Neldner et al. (2012) and random meander assessments.

The vegetation community surveys were undertaken within 50 m x 50 m or 50 m x 10 m plots for the purpose of typifying the vegetation community under assessment. Vegetation community data was entered into the data fields provided by the Motion Tablet data capture system. Vegetation community assessments were undertaken at representative plots within all identified REs and regrowth within the Site. The locations of the vegetation community survey sites are presented in Appendix A.

Relative abundance data was collected for each stratum within the community as per the methodology described in the Environmental Constraints Planning and Field Development Protocol (Q-LNG01-15-MP-0109 Australia Pacific LNG (2011)), as presented by the vegetation structure point data sheet of the Motion unit. Representative photo(s) were taken of the subject vegetation community via a Canon digital camera. Photo aspect data was recorded.

Vegetation community polygons were verified in accordance with Queensland RE description and biodiversity status (DNRM 2015) and EPBC Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) criteria (DoE 2015).

RE polygons were assigned to remnant or non-remnant status as defined by the Vegetation Management Act 1999. Remnant vegetation was that which had achieved a canopy layer covering more than 50% of that of the undisturbed canopy and a height more than 70% of the undisturbed height of the vegetation. Reference benchmarks for these criteria were obtained from published data (DEHP 2015e, DSITIA 2014).

Threshold minimum patch sizes used to map RE polygons were generally as per the minimum size limits (for inland areas) of 5 ha and 75 m for linear features (Neldner et al. 2012); however, in some cases where the RE type could be recognised within fragments of vegetation smaller than these limits they have been mapped as remnant RE where practical.

Areas of vegetation that have previously been cleared or disturbed (e.g. by wildfire) and contained well advanced woody vegetation floristically and structurally consistent with the RE but typically <70% of the height and <50% density of the RE were mapped as mature regrowth for the purposes of this report. Other regrowth which lacks structural and floristic components (i.e. immature regrowth) is mapped as non-remnant vegetation.

Though Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) TEC condition criteria with respect to age, patch size and exotic perennial plant cover are available and applicable to both mature (remnant) and regrowth vegetation (DoE 2015) some ambiguity is present in defining the presence of structural elements typical of the community. DoE states (TSSC 2013) that Brigalow regrowth is part of the Brigalow TEC only if it retains the species composition and structural elements typical of that found in undisturbed areas of the TEC and that areas that have been cleared within the past 15 years will not have regained the structure and species composition typical of remnant Brigalow and, therefore, will not qualify as TEC. BOOBOOK has undertaken discussions with DoE (P. Barraclough, DoE, pers.


Rev 0 6

comm.) to attempt to resolve the definition of structural elements. Matters requiring clarification are whether vegetation must possess structural differentiation (e.g. canopy and lower tree/tall shrub layers), whether the presence of species capable of forming structural layers is sufficient, and whether threshold values for these elements and/or species can be established. At this time no advice has been received from DoE.

For the purposes of this report a conservative approach to definition of TEC has been taken in that Brigalow regrowth is considered TEC only if evidence of development of structural features typical of the intact vegetation community are present (providing it also meets all other condition criteria) such as patch size (>0.5 ha) and ground layer condition (>50% native perennial species cover in ground layer).

3.2.2. Habitat Survey

Habitat surveys were generally undertaken in conjunction with vegetation community survey within the 50 m x 10 m quadrant (Appendix A). Within each habitat survey plot, a range of habitat features (such as abundance or density of logs, rocks/stones, loose bark, leaf litter, gilgai and tree hollows) were recorded on the relevant Motion data sheet. Where deemed appropriate, representative photo(s) were taken of the given habitat patch using a Canon digital camera. Photo aspect data is entered into the relevant data sheet.

3.2.3. Threatened Flora & Fauna Survey

Threat-listed species are those listed under the EPBC Act 1999 and the Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006. For the purposes of this report, this includes EPBC Act-listed Migratory and Marine fauna, and NC Act-listed Special Least Concern flora and fauna.

Targeted threat-listed flora searches were undertaken for species highlighted by the database and literature review. Searches were undertaken based on incidental field observations of high quality habitat, the identification of distinct ecological features through the preliminary desktop and literature review, or within the vicinity of a vegetation community survey/habitat feature plots where field ecologists deemed the given area to be of sufficient potential value to a threatened species to warrant such a search.

A representative selection of each SLC flora species detected was recorded; however, additional specimens of SLC plants may occur at the Site.

Fauna species were recorded opportunistically at survey sites and in other parts of the Site that were traversed. No systematic fauna surveys were undertaken. Active searches were undertaken for fauna where time permitted. This included overturning rocks, logs, fallen bark and other ground debris, raking leaf litter, peeling loose bark on trees/stumps, checking burrows and crevices with torches, looking for animal traces (scats, sloughs, shells, scratches, diggings and burrows) and scanning logs for basking reptiles.

Any observations of threatened or other significant species (whether within search areas or opportunistically) were recorded using the Motion data capture system. Where practicable, photo(s) were taken of the subject threatened species and representative specimens of SLC plants.

3.2.4. Pest Flora and Fauna Survey

A survey was conducted for the presence and abundance of Weeds of National Significance (WoNS), declared weeds fauna as defined by the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 (LP Act) and other naturalised flora, including significant environmental and/or agricultural weeds. Full details of the methodology and findings of the survey are presented in the accompanying Weed Survey Report, Origin Document No. Q-4200-15-RP-1276. Presence and abundance of declared (LP Act) and other non-native fauna were recorded at the time of the survey both within survey plots and opportunistically while traversing the Site. Exotic fauna species records were entered into the Motion data capture system when encountered.

3.2.5. Disturbance Survey

Evidence of disturbance at survey sites was recorded for type, severity and estimated time of most recent occurrence. The recording of disturbance was also conducted at opportunistic levels where appropriate.


Rev 0 7

3.2.6. Watercourse/Wetland Survey

All mapped ordered streams within each property were assessed, across their full length, to determine if these mapped features were watercourses or drainage features as defined by the Water Act 2000. Ordered stream assessments included assessment of the presence/absence of a defined channel with bed and banks, riparian vegetation and hydrophytes. The extent of streams assessed as watercourses was mapped using imagery and/or a GPS-derived track log. Mapping of the extent of streams assessed as drainage features was not required under the scope of works. If potential wetlands were encountered they were assessed against the hydrological and biotic criteria of the Queensland Wetland Program wetland definition (DERM 2011).

3.2.7. Survey Limitations

A number of factors are considered likely to influence survey results for particular species or species groups. These factors include:

Timing (seasons) and duration of the survey period;

Weather conditions in the preceding seasons and immediately prior to the survey; and

Restricted spatial area of the habitats within the Site.

The Site had been unseasonably dry for some time prior to the survey, such that the ground layer flora of many areas was poorly developed. Fauna species activity was also reduced. Due to these reasons, the surveys undertaken may not provide a true indication of seasonal habitat utilisation by fauna species within the Site. Some cryptic flora species may only be detected during particular flowering periods. The field investigations undertaken were limited to passive techniques (e.g. no live trapping) and were limited to late autumn. Additional survey effort would be required to provide a more comprehensive inventory of species, both threatened and common.

4. Results & Discussion

This section includes the results of the database and literature review. Some information is contained in the appendices and is referenced below.

4.1. Desktop & Literature Review

Results of the desktop and literature review can be found in Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D and Appendix E, as listed in Table 5.

4.2. Field Survey

Results of field surveys are detailed in the following sections. A comprehensive list of fauna and native flora species encountered at survey sites or opportunistically during the field survey is included in Appendix F.

4.2.1. Commonwealth Environmental Matters

Field survey results for Commonwealth environmental matters (Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES)) are summarised in Table 6.

Table 6: Commonwealth Environmental Matters – Field Survey Results

Commonwealth

Environmental Matters

Present

(Y/N) Location Description Status

i Comments

TECs Y Refer to Appendix

G.

Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant)

Endangered Present in north-eastern end of Site.

EPBC threat-listed flora N n/a n/a n/a n/a

EPBC threat-listed fauna

Y Refer to Appendix

I.

Koala Phascolarctos cinereus V n/a


Rev 0 8

Commonwealth

Environmental Matters

Present

(Y/N) Location Description Status

i Comments

EPBC Act listed Migratory/Marine species

Y Various locations

Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae, Silvereye Zosterops lateralis

Marine Species

n/a

i Status taken from DoE 2015c

4.2.1.1. Ground-truthed Threatened Ecological Communities

One area of Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) TEC was detected at the Site. An area of mature regrowth in the north and north-east of the Site met structural and condition criteria for the TEC (DoE 2015b, TSSC 2013). This area of RE 11.9.5 was dominated by Belah (Casuarina cristata), i.e. Brigalow was sub-dominant or an associated species, rather than dominant or co-dominant. Though this does not conform to Key Diagnostic Criterion 1 for the TEC (TSSC 2013), it is likely that this patch is a relictual area of Brigalow-dominant RE 11.9.5 formerly more widespread in the immediately surrounding landscape. The patch otherwise met structural (>15 years old) and condition criteria (>0.5 ha and ground layer dominated by native species) for the community. A precautionary approach has been applied to classify this area as TEC.

4.2.1.2. Threatened Flora

No EPBC Act listed threatened flora were recorded during the field survey at the Site. Based on field inspection results, an assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed threatened flora identified within the desktop searches (Table 5) is summarised in Table 7.

Table 7: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Family Scientific/ Common

Name Status

ii

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes

Potentially Suitable RE at

Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Surianaceae Cadellia pentastylis Ooline

V Occurs on ridge slopes and undulating plains within Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) woodland - open forest and semi-evergreen vine thicket (SEVT) (TSSC 2008a, Santos 2012).

11.9.5 Unlikely: all potential habitat was examined and the species is conspicuous and readily identified.

Apocynaceae Tylophora linearis Slender Tylophora

E Dry sclerophyll woodland (TSSC 2008b). The Site is 130 km north of the only collection site in Queensland, near Glenmorgan (AVH 2015).

11.9.10, 11.10.11 Unlikely: suitable habitat is present but the species has only been collected once in Queensland.

Poaceae Homopholis belsonii Belson’s Panic

V In Brigalow Belt usually found on flat to gently undulating alluvial areas/clay plains supporting Casuarina cristata and Acacia harpophylla forest (DOE 2015b, TSSC 2008c). Other associated species include Eucalyptus populnea, E. melanophloia, A. melvillei and Geijera parviflora (DSITIA 2014).

11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: it may occur in shadier parts of mature regrowth woodland where the ground layer does not contain or has a low density of invasive exotic grasses such as Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Green Panic (Megathyrsus maximus).

ii E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable


Rev 0 9

4.2.1.3. Threatened Fauna

No EPBC Act listed threatened fauna were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 5). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed threatened fauna, based on field results, is summarised within Table 8.

Table 8: Field survey results for EPBC Act threatened fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Class Scientific/ Common Name Status

iii

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE

at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Birds Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk V

Woodlands and open forests, especially those near to permanent water; requires tall trees (>20 m) for nest sites (Marchant and Higgins 1993). Mobile species with a large home range - population densities are very low, even in optimal habitat

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: a limited amount of foraging habitat is present at the Site.

Geophaps scripta scripta Squatter Pigeon

V

Grassy woodlands with open areas for foraging habitat and a nearby water source (Higgins and Davies 1996). The species has disappeared from parts of its former range (Reis 2012) and there are no recent records within the tenement (Birds Australia 2015).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: potentially suitable habitat is present at the Site but there are no recent records of the species within the tenement.

Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Star Finch E

Tall grasslands associated with watercourses (DOE 2015b). Historically may have been present but no recent records within the Site and the eastern subspecies is considered to be extinct in the wild (Garnett et al. 2011).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable habitat is present and the Site is outside the species’ extant range.

Rostratula australis Australian Painted Snipe E

Dependent on ephemeral and temporary shallow wetlands, including artificial water bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked.

Nil Possible: may be present at small ephemeral wetland at south-east end of Site.

Mammals Chalinolobus dwyeri Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat

V Occurs within or near landscapes with relatively high relief (DOE 2015b). Forages in open forests and woodlands and roosts in adjacent caves and overhangs of cliffs and rocky hills (Dennis 2012).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable roosting habitat at or near Site.

Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll

E

Formerly widespread in South Central Queensland (SCQ) - has declined markedly and is now confined to rugged and remote areas throughout its range (Burnett 2012). Shelters in crevices in rocky hills and escarpments and forages in nearby woodland and forest habitats (DOE 2015b).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable habitat at or near Site.

Nyctophilus corbeni South-eastern Long-eared Bat V

Distribution and habitat preferences very poorly known (Reardon 2012). Inhabits range of dry forest and woodland types in SCQ, roosts in tree hollows and crevices and under loose bark (DOE 2015b).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: suitable habitat trees with hollows present as well as suitable foraging habitat.

Phascolarctos cinereus Koala (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT)

V Requires eucalypt woodland and forest with suitable food trees (primarily Eucalyptus spp.) (DOE 2015b).

11.5.1a, 11.9.10 Confirmed: scats detected under multiple Poplar Box (E. populnea) trees in RE 11.9.10.

Reptiles Delma torquata Collared Delma

V

Occupies eucalypt woodlands and open forests and lives under surface rock and woody debris (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). Small and difficult to detect. Recent survey work has greatly expanded knowledge of its distribution and habitat (Peck 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Unlikely: although potentially suitable REs are present these are unlikely to support this specie due to lack of suitable shelter sites.


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Class Scientific/ Common Name Status

iii

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE

at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Denisonia maculata Ornamental Snake

V

Potentially present in all lowlands associated with the Dawson - Fitzroy River catchments (DOE 2015b). Preys on frogs and is associated with ephemeral and permanent wetlands where it shelters in soil cracks and under debris e.g. logs, rocks (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b).

Nil Unlikely: the species is not known to be present within the tenement.

Egernia rugosa Yakka Skink V

Lives in woodland and open forests and also grassland with regrowth trees where it requires suitable soils for burrows, sinkholes, abandoned rabbit warrens or large fallen woody material for shelter (Eddie 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: habitat logs present.

Furina dunmalli Dunmall's Snake

V Very poorly known species that occupies woodlands and open forests; may be reliant on presence of abundant fallen woody debris (Hobson 2012a).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: habitat logs present.

Rheodytes leukops Fitzroy River Turtle, Fitzroy Tortoise, Fitzroy Turtle, White-eyed River Diver

V

Dependent on permanent streams with a preference for deep pools often with intervening riffle zones (DOE 2015b). Not recorded from upper drainages of the Fitzroy River catchment (Limpus et al. 2011).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable riverine habitat is available and the species is not known to be present within the tenement.

iii E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable


Rev 0 11

4.2.1.4. Migratory Fauna

No EPBC Act migratory fauna were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 6). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of EPBC Act listed migratory fauna, based on field results, is summarised within Table 9.

Table 9: Field survey results for EPBC Act migratory fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Class Scientific/ Common Name General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift

Seasonal migrant to Australia present October – April; aerial, commonly travelling in flocks ahead of low pressure cells in pursuit of insects which it takes on the wing (Pizzey and Knight 2010).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: aerial feeder seasonally present overhead.

Ardea modesta ( as A. alba) Eastern Great Egret, Great Egret, White Egret

Freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies in disturbed habitats (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Ardea ibis Cattle Egret

Widely distributed through coastal and near-coastal Australia but a scarce visitor to southern inland Queensland (Birdlife Australia 2015). Frequents freshwater wetlands but often forages in pasture; roosts in wetlands (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe

Migrates between Japan and Australia, where it is a spring - autumn visitor. Feeds on invertebrates found on the margins of freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle

More common coastally but some birds occur far inland along major rivers, including the Fitzroy-Dawson and Maranoa-Balonne systems (Birdlife Australia 2015).

Nil Unlikely: no habitat present on the Site.

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail



Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater

Widespread and abundant species frequently present in southern inland Queensland during spring and summer (Birdlife Australia 2015, Barrett et al. 2003). Feeds on aerial insects and nests in burrows in sandy soils (Pizzey and Knight 2010).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: suitable foraging habitat is present throughout the Site; potential breeding habitat is present in RE 11.5.1a.

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher

October-April breeding migrant to south-eastern Australia (Birdlife Australia 2015). Insectivorous and live in closed forests and moist open forests (Pizzey and Knight 2010).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: may use woodland habitat during migratory passage.

Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Painted Snipe




Rev 0 12

4.2.1.5. Marine Fauna

Five EPBC Act marine fauna species were recorded during the field survey at the Site (Table 6). An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of other EPBC Act listed marine fauna identified in the PMST search (DoE 2015a) as potentially present at the Site, based on field results, is summarised within Table 10.

Table 10: Field survey results for EPBC Act marine fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Class Scientific/ Common Name General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially Suitable RE at Site Likelihood of Occurrence

Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift



Ardea modesta ( as A. alba) Eastern Great Egret, Great Egret, White Egret

Freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies in disturbed habitats (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Ardea ibis Cattle Egret

Widely distributed through coastal and near-coastal Australia but a scarce visitor to southern inland Queensland (Birdlife Australia 2015). Frequents freshwater wetlands but often forages in pasture; roosts in wetlands (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe

Migrates between Japan and Australia, where it is a spring - autumn visitor. Feeds on invertebrates found on the margins of freshwater wetlands, including artificial water-bodies (Pizzey and Knight 2010).


Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle

More common coastally but some birds occur far inland along major rivers, including the Fitzroy-Dawson and Maranoa-Balonne systems (Birdlife Australia 2015).

Nil Unlikely: no habitat present on the Site.

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail



Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater

Widespread and abundant species frequently present in southern inland Queensland during spring and summer (Birdlife Australia 2015, Barrett et al. 2003). Feeds on aerial insects and nests in burrows in sandy soils (Pizzey and Knight 2010).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Probable: suitable foraging habitat is present throughout the Site; potential breeding habitat is present in RE 11.5.1a.

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher

October-April breeding migrant to south-eastern Australia (Birdlife Australia 2015). Insectivorous and live in closed forests and moist open forests (Pizzey and Knight 2010).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: may use woodland habitat during migratory passage.

Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato) Painted Snipe




Rev 0 13

4.2.2. Queensland Environmental Matters

Field survey results for State environmental matters are summarised in Table 11.

Table 11: State environmental matters – field survey results

State Environmental Matters Present

(Y/N) Location Description

iv Status* Comments

Endangered REs

Y Refer to Appendix G.

11.9.5 Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) and/or Belah (Casuarina cristata) shrubby open forest on Cainozoic fine-grained sediments

Endangered One patch and associated roadside strip of mature regrowth.

Y Refer to Appendix G.

11.9.10 Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla), Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) shrubby open forest to woodland on Cainozoic fine-grained sediments

Endangered One remnant patch and one match and associated roadside strip of mature regrowth.

NC Act listed flora (EVNT) N n/a n/a n/a n/a

NC Act listed fauna (EVNT) N n/a n/a n/a n/a

Special Least Concern flora Y Refer to Appendix I.

Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus) Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree (Brachychiton rupestris) Black Orchid (Cymbidium canaliculatum) Mulga Fern (Cheilanthes sieberi )

Special Least Concern n/a

Special Least Concern fauna Y Refer to Appendix I.

Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Special Least Concern Recorded presence was identified by scats for both species.

iv Status and description taken from Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006


Rev 0 14

4.2.2.1. Ground-truthed Regional Ecosystems

DNRM (2015) mapping for the Site and the results of ground truthing can be summarised as follows:

Two remnant vegetation polygons are mapped for the Site (Appendix D), these being an area of RE 11.9.5 at the northern end and a mixed polygon (50%/50%) of REs 11.9.10/11.5.1 in the southern two-thirds of the Site.

The area of mapped RE 11.9.5 was found to be mature regrowth of the mapped RE and was locally dominated by Belah (Casuarina cristata). Median canopy height (i.e. 10.0 m) recorded at survey site S2-SP9 was marginally less than the required 70% threshold to achieve remnant vegetation height (using the western form of this RE as the benchmark). DBH (<20 cm) of the trees present at the survey site and throughout the remainder of the patch indicated that the vegetation had regrown from a previous historical disturbance.

Both of the other mapped REs (11.5.1 and 11.9.10) were confirmed as being present; however, the ground-truthed extent of these REs slightly differs from DNRM (2015) mapping. Remnant and mature regrowth examples of RE 11.9.10 were present with examples of this RE being more heavily disturbed (historically) in the eastern side of the Site.

Areas of woodland identified on land zone 5 do not closely match any RE description within REDD. Within the Site, Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) woodland on land zone 5 has Silver-leaved Ironbark as a co-dominant or subdominant species. These woodlands have been attributed to RE 11.5.1a as the closest general fit. Although RE 11.5.5 has Silver-leaved Ironbark as the dominant species according to REDD this RE occurs on soils which have a thick, sandy and usually red, surface horizon. Soils at the Site within this land zone are brown to pale brown loams and sandy loams which are typical of soils with which RE 11.5.1 is usually associated.

Relict trees indicate that small areas of RE 11.3.2 and 11.3.25 may have been formerly present in the extreme south-eastern corner of the Site; however this area has been heavily disturbed (i.e. cleared) and no remnant patches of these REs of mappable size were identified.

A summary of ground-truthed vegetation is presented in Table 12. All ground truthed regional ecosystems and regrowth are represented schematically in Appendix H.


Rev 0 15

Table 12: Ground-truthed remnant and regrowth regional ecosystems

RE ID RE Polygon Identifiers Survey

Site(s)

Status

(Biodiversity)v

REDD Short description Field Description Condition

Remnant 11.5.1a

4617A80D318FCF5 S3-SP9, S4-SP9, S11-SP9

No Concern at Present

Eucalyptus populnea woodland with Allocasuarina luehmannii low tree layer

Eucalyptus populnea and/or E. melanophloia woodland; low tree layer composed of Allocasuarina luehmannii and Callitris glaucophylla; shrub layer present including Geijera parviflora and Eremophila mitchellii; grassy ground layer dominated by Aristida spp.

One large patch (60.6 ha) on plain mostly on western side of Dingo Creek. Tree, shrub and ground layers generally in good condition but understorey invaded by Casuarina cristata in places presumably due to lack of recent fire.

Regrowth 11.9.5

375D40901F4FD75, 79F1691A3FDCEE0

S2-SP9 Endangered Acacia harpophylla and/or Casuarina cristata open forest on fine-grained sedimentary rocks

Casuarina cristata dominated open forest. Well-developed shrub layer (typically Geijera parviflora, Eremophila mitchellii) with a ground layer dominated by Paspalidium caespitosum, Ancistrachne uncinulata and forbs.

One patch total area 24.4 ha and adjoining roadside strip (3.5 ha). Although a component RE of Brigalow TEC this patch is locally dominated by Casuarina cristata (i.e. Acacia harpophylla is not dominant or co-dominant (TSSC 2013)). Though this does not conform to Key Diagnostic Criterion 1 (TSSC 2013), it is likely that the patch and strip are relictual areas of Brigalow-dominant RE 11.9.5 formerly more widespread in the adjoining landscape. The occurrence of this RE otherwise meets structural and condition criteria (i.e. > 0.5 ha; regrowth >15 years old). A precautionary approach has been applied to classify these areas as TEC.

Remnant 11.9.10

453113281B1467B S6-SP9, S5-SP9, S7-SP9

Endangered Eucalyptus populnea open forest with a secondary tree layer of Acacia harpophylla and sometimes Casuarina cristata on fine-grained sedimentary rocks

Eucalyptus populnea, Casuarina cristata woodland – open forest with scattered Acacia harpophylla; shrub layer dominated by Geijera parviflora, Eremophila mitchellii and E. deserti; grassy ground layer dominated by Enteropogon ramosus.

One patch (14.6 ha) along western boundary of Site. Ground layer dominated by native grasses and forbs.

Regrowth 11.9.10

5D5906AB20122F0, 2D5A9BE26CE8917

S10-SP9 Casuarina cristata, Eucalyptus populnea low open forest; shrub layer dominated by Eremophila mitchellii, Geijera parviflora and Eremophila deserti; very sparse ground layer dominated by native perennial grasses and forbs.

Large patch on eastern side of Site (28.3 ha) and associated roadside strip (1.5 ha). Historically disturbed by wildfire and/or clearing. Poplar Box formerly more abundant in the RE but many canopy trees of this species were dead.

v Status and description taken from DEHP 2015e


Rev 0 16

4.2.2.2. Threatened Flora

No records of threatened flora were contained in a Protected Plants Flora Survey Trigger Map for the Site (DEHP 2015d). No NC Act listed flora species were recorded during the field survey at the Site. An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence, based on field inspection results, of NC Act listed threatened flora species potentially present at the Site is summarised in Table 13.

Table 13: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT flora with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Family Scientific/ Common

Name Status

vi

General Habitat

Requirements/ Notes

Potentially

Suitable RE Likelihood of Occurrence

Apocynaceae Tylophora linearis

Slender Tylophora

E Dry sclerophyll woodland (TSSC 2008b). The Site is 130 km north of the only collection site in Queensland (AVH 2015).

11.9.10 Unlikely: suitable habitat is present but the species has only been collected once in Queensland

Asteraceae Rutidosis lanata

Red-soil Woolly Wrinklewort

V Occurs along ecotones between dry sclerophyll woodland communities dominated by Acacia harpophylla, Eucalyptus woollsiana, Eucalyptus crebra, E. fibrosa and E. populnea on clay, loam and sand (DSITIA 2014).

Nil Unlikely: suitable habitat is absent at the Site

Poaceae Homopholis belsonii

Belson’s Panic

E In Brigalow Belt usually found on flat to gently undulating alluvial areas/clay plains supporting Casuarina cristata and Acacia harpophylla forest (DOE 2015b, TSSC 2008c). Other associated species include Eucalyptus populnea, E. melanophloia, A. melvillei and Geijera parviflora (DSITIA 2014).

11.9.5, 11.9.10

Possible: this species is known to occur within Brigalow woodland and its range overlaps with the Site (TSSC 2008a). It may occur in shadier parts of remnant woodland where the ground layer does not contain or has a low density of invasive exotic grasses such as Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Green Panic (Megathyrsus maximus).

Solanaceae Solanum stenopterum

Winged Nightshade

V Inhabits grassland or woodlands of Belah (Casuarina cristata) and Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) on black, brown or red clay loam soils. It also grows on loamy ridges, along roadsides and in paddocks. (Bean 2004).

11.9.5, 11.9.10

Possible: the Site is within the known range of this species (DERM 2012e) and potentially suitable habitat is present within Belah and Poplar Box woodlands at the Site

vi E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened


Rev 0 17

4.2.2.3. Threatened Fauna

No NC Act listed fauna species were detected during the field survey. An assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of all other NC Act listed threatened fauna species potentially present at the Site, based on field results, is summarised within Table 14.

Table 14: Field survey results for NC Act EVNT fauna with potentially suitable RE and likelihood of occurrence.

Scientific/ Common Name Statusvii

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially


Calyptorhynchus lathami

Glossy Black-Cockatoo

V Dependent on the fruits of several species of Casuarina and Allocasuarina spp. found in a variety of forest types (Pizzey and Knight 2010, Garnett et al. 2011). It will visit isolated trees and remnant patches where food trees are present (Holmes 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Probable: potentially suitable habitat food plants Casuarina cristata are present in nominated REs and as scattered trees throughout the Site.

Erythrotriorchis radiatus

Red Goshawk

E Woodlands and open forests, especially those near to permanent water; requires tall trees (>20 m) for nest sites (Marchant and Higgins 1993). Mobile species with a large home range - population densities are very low, even in optimal habitat.

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Unlikely: a limited amount of foraging habitat is present at the Site.

Geophaps scripta scripta

Squatter Pigeon (southern subspecies)

V Grassy woodlands with open areas for foraging habitat and a nearby water source (Higgins and Davies 1996). The species has disappeared from parts of its former range (Reis 2012) and there are no recent records within the tenement (Birds Australia 2015).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Unlikely: a limited amount of foraging habitat is present at the Site.

Grantiella picta

Painted Honeyeater

V A seasonal visitor to SCQ which is dependent upon fruiting mistletoes present in a variety of Eucalyptus and Acacia woodlands and shrublands (Birdlife Australia 2015). It nests near to an abundant supply of fruits (Higgins et al. 2001, Watson 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Possible: potential food plants (i.e. Amyema spp.) are present in low densities within the Site.

Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda

Eastern Star Finch

E Tall grasslands associated with watercourses (DOE 2015b). Historically may have been present but no recent records within the Site and the eastern subspecies is considered to be extinct in the wild (Garnett et al. 2011).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable habitat is present and the Site is outside of extant range.

Rostratula australis

Australian Painted Snipe

V Dependent on ephemeral and temporary shallow wetlands, including artificial water bodies, for feeding and breeding habitat (DOE 2015b). Cryptic and easily overlooked.


Jalmenus eubulus

Pale Imperial Hairstreak

V Usually associated with Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) open forests and woodlands (Valentine and Johnson 2012) but larvae will also forage on other Acacia spp. (Common and Waterhouse 1981).

11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: suitable larval food plants (mature Acacia harpophylla) are present within the Site.

Chalinolobus dwyeri

Large-eared Pied Bat

V Occurs within or near landscapes with relatively high relief (DOE 2015b). Forages in open forests and woodlands and roosts in adjacent caves and overhangs of cliffs and rocky hills (Dennis 2012).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable roosting habitat at or near Site.


Rev 0 18

Scientific/ Common Name Statusvii

General Habitat Requirements/ Notes Potentially


Nyctophilus corbeni

South-eastern Long-eared Bat

V Distribution and habitat preferences very poorly known (Reardon 2012). Inhabits range of dry forest and woodland types in SCQ and roosts in tree hollows and crevices and under loose bark (DOE 2015b).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Possible: suitable habitat trees with hollows present as well as suitable foraging habitat.

Acanthophis antarcticus

Common Death Adder

NT A widespread but patchily distributed snake (ALA 2015). Lives in woodlands, open forests and heathlands; requires abundant shelter/ambush predation cover e.g. low shrubs, rocks, logs, and dense leaf litter (Wilson 2005).

11.9.5, 11.9.10 Possible: areas of dense shrub and leaf litter cover in limited amounts within the Site.

Delma torquata

Collared Delma

V Occupies eucalypt woodlands and open forests and lives under surface rock and woody debris (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b). Small and difficult to detect. Recent survey work has greatly expanded knowledge of its distribution and habitat (Peck 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Unlikely: although potentially suitable REs are present these are unlikely to support this specie due to lack of suitable shelter sites.

Denisonia maculata

Ornamental Snake

V Potentially present in all lowlands associated with the Dawson - Fitzroy River catchments (DOE 2015b). Preys on frogs and is associated with ephemeral and permanent wetlands where it shelters in soil cracks and under debris e.g. logs, rocks (Wilson 2005, DOE 2015b).

Nil Unlikely: the species is not known to be present within the tenement.

Egernia rugosa

Yakka Skink

V Lives in woodland and open forests and also grassland with regrowth trees where it requires suitable soils for burrows, sinkholes, abandoned rabbit warrens or large fallen woody material for shelter (Eddie 2012).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Probable: habitat logs present.

Furina dunmalli

Dunmall’s Snake

V Very poorly known species that occupies woodlands and open forests; may be reliant on presence of abundant fallen woody debris (Hobson 2012a).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Probable: habitat logs present.

Hemiaspis damelii

Grey Snake

E Strongly associated with seasonally inundated plains, especially those with cracking clays and gilgai development (Hobson 2012b).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Possible: potential habitat is very limited at the Site.

Rheodytes leukops

Fitzroy River Turtle

V Dependent on permanent streams with a preference for deep pools often with intervening riffle zones (DOE 2015b). Not recorded from upper drainages of the Fitzroy River catchment (Limpus et al. 2011).

Nil Unlikely: no suitable watercourses are present within the Site.

Strophurus taenicauda

Golden-tailed Gecko

NT Lives in dry open forest and woodlands, especially those with well-developed shrub layer where it shelters in tree hollows and splits, and under loose bark (QMDC 2008).

11.5.1a, 11.9.5, 11.9.10

Probable: habitat trees with small hollows and/or decorticating bark are present.

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E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened


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4.2.2.4. Pest Fauna

Pest fauna recorded on-site has been mapped based on field survey results (Appendix J). Table 15 describes pest fauna detected at the Site.

Table 15: Pest fauna recorded at the Site.

Scientific Name Common Name Status* Area of Occurrence

Oryctolagus cuniculus European Rabbit Class 2 declared pest Refer to Appendix J.

Sus scrofa Pig Class 2 declared pest Refer to Appendix J.

*Status taken from LP Act/DoE 2015a

4.2.3. Disturbances

The majority of the Site has been historically disturbed presumably from clearing and/or wildfire. Most of the current vegetation is mature regrowth which covers >90% of the Site. Two small clearings are present, one around an old windmill and turkey’s nest dam along the north-eastern boundary of the Site and another at the south-eastern extremity of the Site. The Site is adjoined by sealed roads along the northern and eastern boundaries.

4.2.4. Watercourses & Wetlands

Mapped streams (DNRM 2015) were assessed at multiple locations within the Site (Appendix K). No watercourses were identified at the Site. One mapped stream order 1 drainage line is present at the Site this being Dingo Creek which flows north-south and bisects the Site. This was assessed as a drainage feature as defined by the Water Act 2000. Two unmapped drainage features (tributaries of Dingo Creek) were also detected at the Site. All of the drainage features ultimately drain into Yuleba Creek outside of the assessment area. Table 16 provides details of the characteristics of examined streams and their classification as per the Water Act 2000 criteria. Ground-truthed watercourses and the location of drainage feature assessment sites are mapped in Appendix K.

Table 16: Ground-truthed drainage features at the Site.

Site Mapped stream

order Is

Watercourse? Description and justification

S1-SP9 1 No Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.5 m deep and to 3.0 m wide); hydrophytes absent; riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows.

S4-SP9 unmapped No Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.3 m deep and to 4.0 m wide); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*); riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows.

S9-SP9 unmapped No Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (shallow scoured channel 0.5 m deep and to 3.0 m wide); hydrophytes absent; riparian vegetation absent; no evidence of extended flows.

S13-SP9 1 No

Drainage feature: no defined bed or banks (deeply shallow scoured channel 1.5 m deep and to 6.0 m wide, clay substrate); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*, Cyperus exaltatus*); riparian vegetation absent; nil evidence of extended flows but ephemeral waterhole present (dry at time of survey).

S14-SP9 1 No

Drainage feature: well defined bed and banks (channel 1.8 m deep and to 5.0 m wide, clay substrate); hydrophytes present (Juncus usitatus*, Leptochloa digitata*, Cyperus exaltatus*); riparian vegetation absent although scattered Eucalyptus tereticornis and Angophora floribunda present; nil evidence of extended flows but ephemeral waterhole present (dry at time of survey).

*Flora Wetland Indicator Species (DEHP 2015f)

No Referable Wetlands were identified during desktop searches (DEHP 2015c). One small wetland meeting wetland definition criteria (DERM 2011) was detected during the field assessment at the Site. This is represented by survey site S13-SP9 (refer to description in Table 16). The location of this wetland is shown in Appendix K.


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4.2.5. Conclusions

An ecological assessment of the Site showed the following ecological values to be present:

Two Endangered REs: 11.9.5 and 11.9.10. Four Special Least Concern flora species:

o Kurrajong (Brachychiton populneus); o Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree (Brachychiton rupestris); o Black Orchid (Cymbidium canaliculatum); and o Mulga Fern (Cheilanthes sieberi).

Occurrence of one (Koala) and potential habitat for five additional EPBC Act threat-listed species: Belson’s Panic, the Australian Painted Snipe, South-eastern Long-eared Bat, Dunmall’s Snake and the Yakka Skink.

Potential habitat for 12 NC Act threat-listed species: Belson’s Panic, Winged Nightshade, Glossy Black-Cockatoo, Painted Honeyeater, Australian Painted Snipe, South-eastern Long-eared Bat, Grey Snake, Common Death Adder, Dunmall’s Snake, Golden-tailed Gecko, Yakka Skink and the Pale Imperial Hairstreak butterfly.

The following environmental constraints were recorded at the Site:

Two Class 2 declared pest animals: o European Rabbit; and o Pig.

It is recommended that the findings in this report are considered during detailed development planning such that disturbance to the ecological values of the site and locality may be avoided wherever practical. Where disturbance is unavoidable, impact mitigation measures are to be implemented in accordance with the approved site environmental management plan and regulatory approval conditions.


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Appendix A. Site Location & Vegetation Survey Points.


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Appendix B. Results of EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool


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Appendix C. Wildlife Online Database Search Results.


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Appendix D. DNRM Mapped Regional Ecosystems.


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Appendix E. DEHP Mapping of ESAs & Other Environmental Values on Site.


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Appendix F. List of Fauna & Native Flora Species Identified on Site.

*Status taken from Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 and DoE 2015c

Class Scientific name Common name Legislative status

(NC Act, LP Act)*

Legislative status

(EPBC Act)*

Flora Abutilon oxycarpum Lantern Bush LC -

Acacia decora Pretty Wattle LC -

Acacia excelsa Ironwood LC -

Acacia harpophylla Brigalow LC -

Acacia leiocalyx Early Flowering Black Wattle LC -

Acacia salicina Sally Wattle, Doolan LC -

Acacia sp. (probably A. omalophylla) Yarran - -

Achyranthes aspera Chaff Flower, Devil's Horsewhip LC -

Alectryon diversifolius Scrub Boonaree LC -

Alectryon oleifolius Boonaree, Rosewood LC -

Allocasuarina luehmannii Bulloak LC -

Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed LC -

Amyema congener Variable Mistletoe LC -

Ancistrachne uncinulata Hooky Grass LC -

Angophora floribunda Rough-barked Apple LC -

Anthobolus leptomerioides LC -

Apophyllum anomalum Warrior Bush LC -

Aristida caput-medusae Many-headed Wiregrass LC -

Aristida sp. A Grass LC -

Arundinella nepalensis Reedgrass LC -

Atalaya hemiglauca Whitewood LC -

Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong SLC -

Brachychiton rupestris Narrow-leaved Bottle Tree SLC -

Brunonia australis Blue Pincushion LC -

Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Pine LC -

Capparis lasiantha Wait-A-While LC -

Capparis mitchellii Bumble Tree LC -

Carex appressa Tall Sedge, Tussock Sedge LC -

Carissa ovata Currant Bush LC -

Casuarina cristata Belah LC -

Centipeda minima Spreading Sneezeweed LC -

Cheilanthes sieberi Mulga Fern SLC -

Chloris sp. A Grass LC -

Citrus glauca Desert Lime LC -

Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis LC -

Cymbidium canaliculatum Black Orchid SLC -


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(NC Act, LP Act)*

Legislative status

(EPBC Act)*

Cyperus exaltatus Tall Flat-sedge, Giant Sedge LC -

Dianella brevipedunculata A Flax Lilly LC -

Dianella longifolia Long-leaved Flax Lily, Smooth Flax

Lily LC -

Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush LC -

Dodonaea viscosa subsp. spatulata Sticky Hopbush LC -

Elaeodendron australe Red Olive Plum LC -

Eleocharis sp. A Sedge LC -

Enteropogon acicularis Curly Windmill Grass LC -

Enteropogon ramosus Twirly Windmill Grass LC -

Epaltes australis Spreading Nut-heads LC -

Eragrostis elongata Clustered Lovegrass LC -

Eremophila deserti Ellangowan Poison-bush LC -

Eremophila longifolia Long-leaved Emu Bush, Berrigan LC -

Eremophila mitchellii False Sandalwood LC -

Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum LC -

Eucalyptus chloroclada Baradine Red Gum LC -

Eucalyptus melanophloia Silver-leaved Ironbark LC -

Eucalyptus populnea Poplar Box LC -

Eucalyptus tereticornis Queensland Blue Gum LC -

Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush LC -

Fimbristylis sp. A Fringe-rush LC -

Geijera parviflora Wilga LC -

Grevillea striata Beefwood LC -

Jasminum didymum Native Jasmine LC -

Juncus usitatus Common Rush LC -

Leptochloa digitata Umbrella Canegrass LC -

Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush LC -

Maireana microphylla Cotton Bush LC -

Maytenus cunninghamii Yellow-berry Bush LC -

Owenia acidula Emu Apple LC -

Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Gargaloo LC -

Paspalidium caespitosum Brigalow Grass LC -

Pimelea microcephala Shrubby Rice-flower LC -

Pittosporum angustifolium Weeping Pittosporum, Gumbi Gumbi LC -

Pittosporum spinescens Wallaby Apple LC -

Psydrax johnsonii Brigalow Canthium LC -

Psydrax odorata Shiny-leaved Canthium LC -

Psydrax oleifolia Myrtle Tree LC -

Scaevola spinescens Maroon Bush LC -


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(NC Act, LP Act)*

Legislative status

(EPBC Act)*

Sclerolaena birchii Galvanised Burr LC -

Senna artemisioides subsp. zygophylla Butter Bush LC -

Senna coronilloides Brigalow Senna LC -

Sida hackettiana Spiked Sida LC -

Sigesbeckia orientalis Indian Weed LC -

Solanum coracinum A Prickly Nightshade LC -

Solanum ellipticum Potato Bush LC -

Solanum parvifolium Small-leaved Nightshade LC -

Themeda avenacea Wild Oats LC -

Typha domingensis Narrow-leaved Cumbungi LC -

Fauna Alectura lathami Australian Brush-Turkey LC -

Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle LC -

Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo LC -

Chthonicola sagittata Speckled Warbler LC -

Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush LC -

Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-Shrike LC Marine

Corvus coronoides Australian Raven LC -

Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird LC -

Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird LC -

Cryptoblepharus pulcher pulcher Elegant Snake-eyed Skink LC -

Danaus chrysippus petilia Lesser Wanderer LC -

Danaus plexippus plexippus Monarch LC -

Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite LC -

Eolophus roseicapillus Galah LC -

Eopsaltria australis Eastern Yellow Robin LC -

Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko LC -

Macropus dorsalis Black-striped Wallaby LC -

Malurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wren LC -

Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner LC -

Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit Class 2 -

Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler LC -

Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote LC -

Petaurus breviceps Sugar Glider LC -

Phascolarctos cinereus Koala SLC V

Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail LC -

Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail LC -

Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill LC -

Strepera graculina Pied Currawong LC -

Sus scrofa Feral Pig Class 2 -

Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked Echidna SLC -


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(NC Act, LP Act)*

Legislative status

(EPBC Act)*

Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus Rainbow Lorikeet LC -

Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum LC -

Zosterops lateralis Silvereye LC Marine


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Appendix G. Ground Truthed Threatened Ecological Communities.


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Appendix H. Ground Truthed Regional Ecosystems.


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Appendix I. Threatened & Special Least Concern Flora & Fauna Recorded at

the Site


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Appendix J. Pest Fauna Recorded at the Site.


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Appendix K. Ground Truthed Drainage Features & Wetlands Present on Site.


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Ecological Assessment Report...Ecological Assessment Report – Lot/Plan 51WV923 Rev 0 1 1....

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