Superiority of organic agriculture over conventional agriculture presentation slide
Ecological agriculture slide
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04/13/2023 1
The Role Of Ecological Agriculture In Food Security And Alleviating Child Malnutrition
By: Yosef Alemu
04/13/2023 2
Outline
• Introduction• Ecological Agriculture• Approach To Ecological Agriculture• Food Security Using Ecological Agriculture• Ecological Agriculture To Alleviate Child
Malnutrition
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Introduction
• human-induced climate change is resulting in less and more erratic rainfall, especially in regions where food security is very low
• The poor in rural and dry areas will suffer the most from these changes and they will require cheap and accessible strategies to adapt to erratic weather
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Ecological agriculture• Is a production system that sustains the health of
soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.
• Crops grown without using synthetic pesticides, synthetic inorganic fertilizers, or genetically engineered seeds, Animals grown without using antibiotics or synthetic hormones
• Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.
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Ecological agriculture vs industrialized agriculture
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• Organic agriculture has a significant role to play in addressing two of the world’s biggest and most urgent issues: climate change and food security
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Approach to ecological agriculture
• Building healthier soil• Increasing biological diversity of system• Improved Water management technique• Pest Control with Zero Pesticides• Livestock management
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Building healthier soil
• Prominent among these practices is the addition of manure or compost. – Manure is an organic matter used as organic fertilizer in
agriculture, it contribute to the soil by adding organic matter and nutrient such as nitrogen that is trapped by bacteria in the soil.
– they are readily available and are important agricultural byproduct
– they increase the water holding capacity of the soil– Stimulate activities of microorganisms that made plant
food element in the soil readily to crops
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Manure commonly used on ecological agriculture
• Farm yard manure • Green manure• Vermi-compost• Crop residue• bio fertilizer
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• Soil conservation, some methods– Terracing– Contour planting– Strip cropping with cover crop– Alley cropping, agroforestry– Windbreaks or shelterbelts– Conservation-tillage farming
• No-till• Minimum tillage
• Avoid the use of chemical fertilizer
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Increasing biological diversity of system
• biodiversity of an agro ecosystem can help maintain its long-term productivity and contribute significantly to food security since they have a better chance of copping with change in climate than monocultures
• diversity can be increased through increasing the variety of crops grown at one time on the parcel of land, and by adding trees and/or animals into the system.
• increasing crop diversity itself growing different varieties of the same crop that have different attributes
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Ecological agriculture promote biodiversity
Meta analysis of comparative studies (Bengtsson et al., 2005):
• Species richness 30% higher in organic farms – Birds, Plants – Predatory insects, carabidae
• Species abundance 50% higher in organic farms – Weeds, Soil organisms (earthworms) – Predatory insects, carabidae– Not potential pest species!
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Better water management
• Organic agriculture systems, capture, store and use water more efficiently due to better soil structure and higher levels of humus and other organic matter compounds with sponge-like properties
• Practice such as crop residue retention, mulching and agro forestry conserve soil moisture and protect crops against microclimate extremes
• By efficiently Collecting and concentrate run of water in a pit and function with small amount of manure and compost
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Food Security Using Ecological Agriculture
• Combating poverty through reducing debt and increasing returns for labor invested
• Organic agricultural practices build soil, thereby increasing productive land availability while halting and reversing land degradation and erosion.
• Importantly, organic agriculture approaches are also accessible to small-scale and poor farmers who depend on biodiversity, soil health and locally-available resources for agricultural production.
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Example• Tigray project, having started in 1996 in four villages, was extended
to 165 districts by 2008 and has become the model for Ethiopian agricultural development policy. Outcomes include:– within a period of 2-3 years, farmers replaced artificial fertilizers
completely and relied exclusively on compost, as the positive effects were seen very quickly
– the use of compost also resulted in higher yields than those achieved with chemical fertilizer
– improved soil quality and hydrological conditions enabled farmers to grow a greater diversity of crops, improving the resilience of the food system, providing better nutrition and new income opportunities
– The improved moisture retention capacities of soil under organic management improved the chances of producing a crop even in drought conditions
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How ecological farming can mitigate climate change
• Reduce green house gases, especially nitrous oxide, as no nitrogen fertilizer are used
• Organic agriculture enhances biodiversity, protects fragile soils, improves the nutritional quality of food, ensures high standards of animal welfare
• emissions and fossil fuel energy use, cuts nutrient and pesticide pollution and stops potentially harmful pesticide residues entering our food chain.
• Organic agriculture builds resilient farming systems capable of combating climate change and securing local food supplies and is highly effective in sequestrating carbon.
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Alleviating child malnutrition• Since the organic farming system is more
diverse than the conventional farming system, children have more access to more diversified diet
• mixed cropping as compared to conventional mono cropping also shows to have significantly higher yield in protein, vitamins and essential minerals
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• References– Fred Magdoff ,Ecological agriculture : Principles , practices , and
constraints– Dr . Vandana Shiva ,Dr . Vaibhav Singh Organic Solutions to Hunger
and Malnutrition – ReyesCotter, Janet Ecological farming , – Stabinsky, Doreen Ecological agriculture for food security and climate
resilience,
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THANK YOU