Eco friendly concrete or Geopolymer Concrete

Eco-friendly Concrete

Tanmay ShahParshwa ShahHariyali Pujara

Faculty Advisor : Apurva Dave

Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar

Geopolymer Concrete

Introduction

Major Industries

Thermal Power Plants

Iron andsteel sector

Indian cement industry

Pollution Sources

Thermal power plants

• TPP are the 1st largest user of coal in country as 70% of total electricity produced by TPP.

• TPP use 40% ash content coal call lignite and generates huge amount of FA as by-product.

Iron and steel sector

The 2nd largest coal user industry

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)

By-

prod

uct


130 large cement plants

300 mini

cement

plants.

The 3rd largest user of

coal+

282.79 million tonnes (FY07–

16)

407 million tonnes (FY17)

2 tonnes of raw materials (shale and limestone)

3 kg of Nitrogen

Oxide (Nox)

0.87 tonne

of CO2


WHERE TO DISPOSE and HOW TO

OVERCOME ?

GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

An innovative material that is characterized by long chains networks of inorganic molecules—is a potential alternative to conventional portland cement concrete.

Coarse Aggregate

Fine Aggregate Admixturs Geopolymer

Cement GPCCwater+ + +

(fly ash-based geopolymer paste)Geopolymer cement

CONSTITUENTS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

Coarse Aggregate•Coarse aggregates used in case of cement concrete can be used in case of Geopolymer concrete (GPC)

Fine Aggregate•In place of sand we can also use bottom ash which can be a replacement of sand. Up to a level of 20% replacement of sand gives a good compressive strength

Admixtures•Naphthalene based super plasticizer•Lignin based first generation plasticizer.•High range water reducing naphthalene based super plasticizer, naphthalene sulphonate based super plasticizer etc. was also use.

WHAT IS GEOPOLYMERS?

• geopolymers is aluminosilicate based polymer

• Polymer = long chains or networks of inorganic molecules

+Geopolymer

cementPolymerization

Alkaline liquids (Waste water from

Chemical Refineries NaOH,

KOH, Na2O3Si, K₂SiO₃ )

( geopolymer binder)

Alumina silicate Calcined clays,Kaolinitic clays ,Volcanic rocks,Mine tailing,Industrial by-products like(fly ash, silica fume, slag, rice-husk ash, red mud)

Geopolymer chemistry

Thermally activated natural materials (e.g., kaolinite clay) or industrial by-products (e.g., fly ash or slag) to provide a source of silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al), which is dissolved in an alkaline activating solution and subsequently polymerizes into molecular chains and networks to create the hardened binder material like CEMENT.

GEOPOLYMER CATEGORIES

Slag based geopolymer

Fly ash based geopolymer

Ferro- sialate based

geopolymer

alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer

slag/fly ash-based geopolymer cement

Rock-based geopolymer cement


Slag based geopolymer

Metakaolin MK-750

Blast furnace

slag

Aalkali silicate+ +

Rock-based geopolymer

cement

Metakaolin MK-750

Alkali silicate

mine tailingsvolcanic tuffs

Blast furnace slag++


Fly ash based geopolymer

slag/fly ash-based geopolymer

Alkali-activated fly ash

NaOH FA( alumino-silicate gel Si:Al=

1-2)

FA(alumino-silicate

gelSi:Al= 2)

silicate solution

blast furnace

slag

60-8

0°C

(Ca,K)-poly(sialate-siloxo)

+ + +

chabazite-Na and sodalite

25-3

0°C


Ferro - sialate based geopolymer

high iron oxide content poly

(ferrosialate) (Ca,K)-(-Fe-O)-(Si-O-Al-O-)


Comparison Between CPCC And GPCC

Conventional Cement Concrete

Geopolymer Cement Concrete

Curing And Strength 28 days of period required for curing and strength gained

It cure more rapidly & gain most of their strength within

24 hours.

Setting Period Sets rapidly so add retards while transporting

Set slowly delivered in a concrete mixer. enough that it mixed at a batch plant and

Reaction With Fine And course Aggregates

Form a strong chemical bond with all kind of rock-based aggregates

Same as CPCC

Comparison Between CCC And GPCC

Conventional Cement Concrete

Geopolymer Cement Concrete

Hardening through calcium- silicate-hydrations (CSHs)

polycondensation of silica and alumina and water is for workability only

Advantages Of GPCC

High compressive and tensile strength 20% more than OPCC

Very Low Creep And Shrinkage

Resistant To Heat And Cold (Spalling at 2200° F and resistant to freezing because of very small pores.)

Very strong chemical resistance to Acids, toxic waste and salt water (Corrosion free cement concrete)

The ductility factor of GPCC beams could be marginally less than CC beams indicating higher stiffness of GPCC beams

• 5CaCO3 + 2SiO2 → (3CaO,SiO2)(2CaO,SiO2) + 5CO2

Reduces the emission of CO2 during the production of OPC

Availability• the British company banah UK (www.banahuk.co.uk)

sells its banah-Cem™ as geopolymer cement. • The Australian company Zeobond (www.zeobond.com)

markets its E-crete™ as geopolymer concrete.

• One North American geopolymer application is a blended Portland geopolymer cement known as Pyrament® (patented in 1984),

APPLICATIONS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

Concrete Pipes

Structural Elements

Pavements Retaining Wall

APPLICATIONS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

Pyrament®

the U.S. military

Pavements designed for vertical take off and landing aircraft

The U.S. military is using geopolymer pavement coatings designed to resist the heat generated by vertical take off and landing aircraft (Hambling 2009).

The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey

EXISTING APPLICATION

Queensland’s University GCI building with 3 suspended floors made from structural geopolymer concrete

recast slag/fly ash-based geopolymer concrete floor parts

More than 30,000 cubic metres of the world’s lowest

carbon, cement-free geopolymer concrete

save more than 6,600 tonnes of carbon emissions

in the construction of the airport

.

The greenest airport in the world Wellcamp airport

Future Scope of GPCC

Transportation infrastructure

Construction Offshore applications.

Future Scope of GPCC

There are no standards for application of geopolymer concrete and no rules or guidelines for structures made from GPCC.

Numerous geopolymer systems have been proposed and many of them are patented.

By developing standards and research of GPCC technology in practical applications such as precast concrete products and waste encapsulation

Problems And Solution

LET’S GO GREEN

Eco friendly concrete or Geopolymer Concrete

Engineering

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