Eco-efficiency & Abiotic Stress
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Transcript of Eco-efficiency & Abiotic Stress
Tolerance to Abiotic Stress
Eco-efficiency & Abiotic StressGlobal
food demand
Global population
Crop
Historical Warnings of Future Food Insecurity with Unprecedented Seasonal HeatDavid. S. Battisti, et al. Science 323, 240 (2009)
The goal Agronomically superior
genotypes with a stack of
Desirable genes associated with adaptive traits
Adaptive traits associated with abiotic stress tolerance
Challenges aheadCarrying forward the genome science-progress to that at
the whole plant and crop levels in the field.
• So far: Limited progress– Complexities in stress-tolerance
• Molecular , Cell , Whole plant level• G X E
Gene –Trait association?
1000 to 50000 plants to be genotyped and phenotyped under a particular stress environment
At present: More hopes to solve complexities
• Recent advances in molecular biology• Robust techniques and tools • Crop genomes- sequencing at its peak
Genomics
GenotypingRIL, NIL, CSSL
MutantsTransgenic
Conventional Breeding
Base material
& Product
Mapping population
Gene/Molecular Markers for MAS
Year 2000 Sanger capillary- based high quality reference:
AGI = 500 people-7 years @ $70,000,000. per genome
•Perlegen tiling array based: yr. 200650 people- 1 year @ $70,000 per genome
•Illumina-based: yr 20082 postdocs - 7 days @ $7,000 per
genome @ 50 x coverage
The future- yr 2014?•Single molecule-based (e.g. Pacific
Bioscience) 2-3 min @ $70 per genome
Evolution of Gene Sequencing Technology
Can Phenotyping keep pace with
genotyping ?
Initiatives at CIATneeds to be scaled up
Boom system for precise irrigation &
Network of probes for soil moisture profile
Simulation of natural upland rice environment
& rainout shelter
Infrared thermography for remote sensing of stress tolerance
Why a phenotyping platform?To facilitate high
throughput phenotyping under field and controlled environment
Automatic, precise, efficient management of stress
Precisely characterizing plant responses and growth environment
With noninvasive tools and methods
Visualized Phenomics at CIAT
PDA with barcode reader +User friendly data acquisition
Controlled environment and automated phenotyping
(http://www.lemnatec.com/)