EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM

One Pipes system

Two Pipes System

ONE PIPE SYSTEM

The one-pipe system was an early attempt to economies in the labour and materials.

Less in amount of pipes work and cheaper to install

Although this was a big advantage economically, it was not accepted by all local

authorities for many years.

Used successfully for multi-story buildings such as blocks of flats

It is recommended that discharge pipes are fitted inside the building for

refurbishment work.

Figure of one pipe system

One-pipe system (note: this is almost identical in design to the modern fully ventilated

system).

With this system both soil and waste discharges are connected to a common discharge

pipe. All traps subject to risk of siphonage are fully ventilated

TWO PIPES SYSTEM

The most expensive of the soil and waste disposal system

Only be used in circumstances

Need to connect the appliances to the a separate waste stack

Waste stack connected to the horizontal drain either via a rest bend or a back inlet

gully

Waste appliances are connected such as basin, sink, bidets, and showers connected to

a waste stack and soil appliances as WCS are connected to the soil stack.

Soil and waste water are separated above ground level but discharge into same underground

drainage system.

EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The combined system

The foul water from sanitary appliances and the rainwater from roofs and other

surfaces are carried by single drain to a combined sewer.

The cost required is low, but the load on the sewerage works is high.

The Separate System

The foul water from the sanitary appliances is carried by a foul water drain to afoul

water sewer and the rain water from the roofs and the other surfaces is carried by a

surface water drain into a surface water sewer

The system is more expensive but the load on the sewage works is greatly reduce.

Partially separate system

In the partially separate system, most of the rainwater is carried by the surface

water drain into the surface water sewer.

In order to save cost however, an isolated rainwater inlet is connected to the foul

water drain.

Drainage System

1. Rain water and our waste water

2. Convey to small drain

3. Continue to big drain

4. Junction of big drain

5. Continuously to water treatment plant

SOLID WASTE OR REFUSE DISPOSAL

Solid Waste = unwanted solid material that need to be disposed hygienically without affect to

the environment.

Solid waste

Domestic

o E.g: Food, Bottles, Cans, Rags and Carpets, Furniture

Commercial

o E.g: Domestic, Papers & Stationery

Industrial

o E.g: Toxic, Offensive, Dangerous

Collection System

Refuse Bin

Refuse Chutes

Garchey System

Sink Grinders

Technocuum System

Centralsuy system

Refuse Bin

• This is for non-high rise flats. Refuse gathered into disposable plastic bags & placed

inside bins to be collected.

EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

Refuse Chutes

• i) Refuse chute + refuse container-

• ii) Refuse chute + incinerator – lorries

• Refuse chute is a hollow shaft, built-in the high rise flat of circular, square or

rectangular shaped.

• At the top is ventilation vent, every floor is inlet hopper & at the bottom is refuse

container for type i) & incinerator for type ii)

• The number and sitting or refuse chutes depend upon

1. The layout of building

2. The type of storage and collection

3. Volume of refuse

4. Access for refuse vehicle

• The chute should be sited away from the habitable rooms and not more than 30 m,

measured horizontally, from each dwelling

• It is cheaper to provide space for additional storage beneath the chutes

• The internal surface of the chute must be smooth and impervious to moisture. It

should be constructed of refactory material that will provide at least one hour fire

resistance.

• The refuse chamber should also be of refactory material that will provide at least one

hour fire resistance

EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

Garchey system (the Mathew-hall garchey system)

• Consist of special sink unit + stack pipe (waste pipe) + collection chamber + vacuum

lorries + sewer

• In this sytem of refuse disposal foodwaste, bottles, cans and cartons are disposed of

at the source without the need to grind or crush the refuse

• A bowl beneath the sink retains the normal waste water.

• Refuse is placed inside a central tube in the sink and when the tube is raised the waste

water and the refuse are carried away down a stack pipe to a chamber at the base of

the building

• The refuse from the chamber is collected at weekly intervals by a special tanker in

which the refuse is compacted into a damp, semi-solid mass that easy to tip.

• One tanker can collect the refuse from up to 200 dwellings in one load

• The waste water from the tanker is forced into the foul water sewer

Sink Grinders

• Refuse insert to sink outlet, run water, close plug,’on’ electrical switch, built in

electrical motor runs cutting/grinding refuse. Refuse become smaller debris.

• Refuse flow with water into sewer.

• Suitable only for small biodegradable waste.

EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

LOSS TRAP WATER SEAL

1. Self siphonage

Self siphonage is caused by a moving plug of water in the waste pipe causing

siphonage of the trap

2. Induced siphonage

Induced siphonage is caused by the discharge from one trap causing siphonage of

another trap connected to the same waste pipe

3. Back pressure or compression

Back pressure or compression is cause when the water flowing down a stack

changes direction at the bend which compresses the air in the pipe and forces out

the trap water seal

4. Capillary attraction

A piece of rag or string caught on the outlet of the trap will cause the loss of seal

by capillary attraction

5. Wavering out

Gusts of wind blowing across the top of a stack will cause wavering of the water

and a loss of trap seal

EDITED BY

AZUAN AHMAD FAUZI 2011803188

UITM PULAU PINANG MAC 2013

RESEALING AND ANTI-SIPHON TRAPS

1. The McAlpine resealing trap

The McAlpine trap has a reserve chamber into which the water is forced when

siphonage takes place. After siphonage the water in the chamber falls and reseals

the trap.

2. The Grevak resealing trap

The grevak trap contains an anti siphonage pipe through which air flow to break

the siphonic action

3. The Econa resealing trap

The econa trap contains a cynlinder on the outlet into which the water flows when

the trap is siphoned. After siphonage has taken place the water in the cylinder

reseals the trap

4. The anti-siphon trap

The anti-siphon trap has a valve on its outlet which opens and allows air flow into

the outlet of the trap thus preventing sophonage

Unfortunately resealing and anti-siphon traps require more maintenance than ordinary traps

and they are liable to be noisy

DISPOSAL METHOD

• All the waste collected from the collection system either treated or not treated or

partially treated must be disposed.

•

Method available :

1. Sea Dumping-unhygienic and environmental risk

2. Open land dumping- unhygienic and environmental risk

3. Controlled landfill- leached

4. Incinerator -opposed only on the ground that they cause pollution and are not

environment friendly.

5. Recycle Plant-high capital but environmental friendly (long term profit)

6. Wastewater treatment plant (for sink unit &sink grinders) - Plant-high capital but

environmental friendly (long term profit)