Echinodermata presentation
-
Upload
semarang-state-university -
Category
Education
-
view
461 -
download
0
Transcript of Echinodermata presentation
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/Content/sea-star-pair-758303-sw.jpg
Echinoderm Classes
Asteroidea – Sea Stars: Multiple arms radiating from
central disk Tube feet on bottom
Riley Galton
Asteroidea – Sea Stars: Multiple arms radiating from
central disk Tube feet on bottom
Ophiuroidea – Brittle Stars: Distinct central disk with snake like arms Tube feet lack suckers
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/
Echinoderm Classes
Echinoidea – Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars: No arms, but 5 rows of tube feet Have muscles that can move spines
Riley Galton
Echinoidea – Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars: No arms, but 5 rows of tube feet Have muscles that can move spines
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/
www.emiliogrossi.com/images/Photographyiles/
Crinoidea – Feather Starsand Sea Lilies
Flexible arms used insuspension feeding
Haven’t changed in 500 millionyears
http://lh6.ggpht.com http://image44.webshots.com
Echinoderm Classes
Holothuroidea – Sea Cucumbers Reduced endoskeleton Five rows of tube feet
Riley Galton
Holothuroidea – Sea Cucumbers Reduced endoskeleton Five rows of tube feet
Concentricycloidea – Sea Daisies Only two known species Disk shaped, less than 1cm in diameter
http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2008/03/06/seacucumber.jpg
http://www.sfu.ca/~fankbone/v/xyloplax.jpg
Echinoderm SensoryStructures
Eyespots on the ends of ambulacra aresensitive to light
Pedicellariae (jaw like skeletal structures used to keep
organisms from settling on skin), tube feet, and spinesare sensitive to touch
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinomm.html
Riley Galton
Eyespots on the ends of ambulacra aresensitive to light
Pedicellariae (jaw like skeletal structures used to keep
organisms from settling on skin), tube feet, and spinesare sensitive to touch
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinomm.html
Echinoderm Reproduction
Sexual:• Eggs and sperm are released into the
water where they are fertilized• Larvae are planktonic• Internal fertilization has been observed
in certain species of sea stars, brittlestars, and sea cucumbers
Asexual:• Echinoderms can regenerate body
parts and organs• Asexual reproduction can occur
(though not by will) if the echinoderm istorn with enough of the body on eachpart
http://www.oceaninn.com/guides/echino.htm
Riley Galton
http://www.biolbull.org/content/vol204/issue3/images/medium/coverfig.gifSexual:
• Eggs and sperm are released into thewater where they are fertilized
• Larvae are planktonic• Internal fertilization has been observed
in certain species of sea stars, brittlestars, and sea cucumbers
Asexual:• Echinoderms can regenerate body
parts and organs• Asexual reproduction can occur
(though not by will) if the echinoderm istorn with enough of the body on eachpart
http://www.oceaninn.com/guides/echino.htmhttp://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/echinoderms
Body Cavity (Coelom)
PRESENT! Coelom = A fluid-filled cavity between body wall and gut;
lined by mesoderm Two parts:Perivisceral coelom – large, fluid-filled cavity where major
organs, digestive tube and sex organs, are suspendedWater Vascular System - network of hydraulic canals unique
to echinoderms that branches into extensions (tube feet)which function in locomotion, feeding and gas exchange
Julia Heunis
PRESENT! Coelom = A fluid-filled cavity between body wall and gut;
lined by mesoderm Two parts:Perivisceral coelom – large, fluid-filled cavity where major
organs, digestive tube and sex organs, are suspendedWater Vascular System - network of hydraulic canals unique
to echinoderms that branches into extensions (tube feet)which function in locomotion, feeding and gas exchange
http://www.colin.edu/science/awashington/syllabi/General%20Zoology%20Terminology.htm
http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol112/Biol112WebPage/Syllabus/Topics/Week%207/Resources/coelom.GIF
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/452108/perivisceral-coelom
http://www.und.nodak.edu/instruct/jvaughan/b151/VOCAB_vertebrates.html
Body Symmetry
evolved from animals with bilateralsymmetry
adult echinoderms possess radialsymmetry
All echinoderms exhibit fivefold radialsymmetry in portions of their body at somestage of life (5 parts around central axis),even if they have secondary bilateralsymmetry
For the most part…LARVAE ~ bilateralADULTS ~ radial
Julia Heunis
http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:KrJSbsj0l4ImqM:http://photos.tobinhosting.com/d/117553-2/sea%2Burchins.jpg
evolved from animals with bilateralsymmetry
adult echinoderms possess radialsymmetry
All echinoderms exhibit fivefold radialsymmetry in portions of their body at somestage of life (5 parts around central axis),even if they have secondary bilateralsymmetry
For the most part…LARVAE ~ bilateralADULTS ~ radial
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm
Excretory System
NO true excretorysystem!
Main opening of asponge used only toEXPEL WASTE
Anus leads directly fromstomach/digestive tract
Anus = topmouth = bottom
Julia Heunis
NO true excretorysystem!
Main opening of asponge used only toEXPEL WASTE
Anus leads directly fromstomach/digestive tract
Anus = topmouth = bottom
universe-review.ca
Olivia Heunis
http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-starfish.jpg
Skeletal TypeEchinodermata: “Spiny Skinned”
DO NOT possess an exoskeleton a thin outermost skin covers a mesodermal
endoskeleton made of tiny calcified plates andspines - forms rigid support contained withintissues of the organism
Skeleton composed of skeletal plates calledossicles
Ossicles = small bones In some species, such as the sea urchin, plates
of the skeleton are locked together to form arigid structure.
most sea stars and brittle stars can flex their‘arms’ = skeleton has gaps, flexible platejunctures
Julia Heunis
DO NOT possess an exoskeleton a thin outermost skin covers a mesodermal
endoskeleton made of tiny calcified plates andspines - forms rigid support contained withintissues of the organism
Skeleton composed of skeletal plates calledossicles
Ossicles = small bones In some species, such as the sea urchin, plates
of the skeleton are locked together to form arigid structure.
most sea stars and brittle stars can flex their‘arms’ = skeleton has gaps, flexible platejunctures
http://ebiomedia.com/prod/BOechinoderms.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sanc0521.jpg
Other Unique Features
Echinoderms can REGENERATEex: sea cucumbers can eject a portion ofgut in response to predators andregenerate when safe
Water vascular system (described earlier)is unique to echinoderms; varies waterpressure to control tube feet
Crinoids and some brittle stars = passivefilter-feeders, absorbing suspendedparticles from passing watersea urchins = grazerssea cucumbers = deposit feedersstarfish = active hunters
Julia Heunis
Echinoderms can REGENERATEex: sea cucumbers can eject a portion ofgut in response to predators andregenerate when safe
Water vascular system (described earlier)is unique to echinoderms; varies waterpressure to control tube feet
Crinoids and some brittle stars = passivefilter-feeders, absorbing suspendedparticles from passing watersea urchins = grazerssea cucumbers = deposit feedersstarfish = active hunters
http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html
More Unique Features
Autonomy = The spontaneousself amputation of anappendage when the organismis injured or under attack. Theautotomized part is usuallyregenerated.
have more because ofregeneration
mutable collagenous tissue ~connect ossicles; can maintaindifferent positions withoutmuch effort
Julia Heunis
Autonomy = The spontaneousself amputation of anappendage when the organismis injured or under attack. Theautotomized part is usuallyregenerated.
have more because ofregeneration
mutable collagenous tissue ~connect ossicles; can maintaindifferent positions withoutmuch effort
http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html
Nervous System
Decentralized central nerve ring surrounds gut, connect
radial nerves. Radial nerves run under each arm, coordinate
movement, etc. Do not have “brains,” but some have ganglia
along radial nerves
David Lin
Decentralized central nerve ring surrounds gut, connect
radial nerves. Radial nerves run under each arm, coordinate
movement, etc. Do not have “brains,” but some have ganglia
along radial nerves
http://www.tolweb.org/Echinodermata
Digestive System
Complete digestive system(tubular gut), mouth to anus.(bottom to top)
Crinoidia: filter-feed, use cilia Asteroidea: Cardiac (evert),
pyloric stomach, digestive glands Urchins: “Aristotle’s lantern”
(masticatory apparatus) Holothurians: suspension/deposit
feeders, use tentacles.
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Sea_star_-_Internal_Anatomy/id/2099728
David Lin
Complete digestive system(tubular gut), mouth to anus.(bottom to top)
Crinoidia: filter-feed, use cilia Asteroidea: Cardiac (evert),
pyloric stomach, digestive glands Urchins: “Aristotle’s lantern”
(masticatory apparatus) Holothurians: suspension/deposit
feeders, use tentacles.
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Sea_star_-_Internal_Anatomy/id/2099728
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_17hydrostaticsk/pages/echinoderm.html
Locomotion/Musculature
Utilize water vascularsystem and tube feet
Water in frommadreporite, pumped intoampulla by radial canal
Ampulla contracts, waterto podia
Podia contracts, water toampulla– Podia bend, shorten
allows movement(vacuum and suction)
David Lin
Utilize water vascularsystem and tube feet
Water in frommadreporite, pumped intoampulla by radial canal
Ampulla contracts, waterto podia
Podia contracts, water toampulla– Podia bend, shorten
allows movement(vacuum and suction)
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/biodidac/basicechino.jpg/medium.jpghttp://userwww.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_17hydrostaticsk/pages/echinoderm.html
Gas Exchange
Asteroids, crinoids: dermalgills (thin epidermis)
Urchins: infolds of body wall(bursae) opening to outside
Sand dollars: modified podiaon top (petaloids) which arethin-walled and flaplike.
Holothurians: highly branchedhindgut called "respiratorytree"
David Lin
Asteroids, crinoids: dermalgills (thin epidermis)
Urchins: infolds of body wall(bursae) opening to outside
Sand dollars: modified podiaon top (petaloids) which arethin-walled and flaplike.
Holothurians: highly branchedhindgut called "respiratorytree"
http://faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/animalstructure/outlines/echinodermata.html
Circulatory System
Mostly in perivisceralcoelom, enhanced bywater vascular systemand hemal system.– Hemal system: series
of canals and spacesmostly in coelomicchannels. Fluidmovement by cilia.Used to distributenutrients. Norespiratory system.
David Lin
Mostly in perivisceralcoelom, enhanced bywater vascular systemand hemal system.– Hemal system: series
of canals and spacesmostly in coelomicchannels. Fluidmovement by cilia.Used to distributenutrients. Norespiratory system. http://faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/animalstructure/outlines/
echinodermata.htmlhttp://www.dailygalaxy.com/photos/uncategorized/urchins_1.jpg
Quiz
1. Echinodermata have ________ symmetry aslarvae, but display ________ symmetry as adults.
2. What allows Echinoderms to function in locomotion,feeding and gas exchange?
3. Sea stars can grow new arms and sea cucumberscan replace their gut after ejecting them. Whatfeature of echinoderms does this demonstrate?
4. Name the stomachs of a sea star. Functions?
1. Echinodermata have ________ symmetry aslarvae, but display ________ symmetry as adults.
2. What allows Echinoderms to function in locomotion,feeding and gas exchange?
3. Sea stars can grow new arms and sea cucumberscan replace their gut after ejecting them. Whatfeature of echinoderms does this demonstrate?
4. Name the stomachs of a sea star. Functions?
Answers
Bilateral, radial Water vascular
system Regeneration Cardiac, pyloric;
evert and enzymes,further digestion
Bilateral, radial Water vascular
system Regeneration Cardiac, pyloric;
evert and enzymes,further digestion