高功率鋰電池開發與應用1 高功率鋰電池開發與應用 Presented by Dr. Mo-Hua Yang...

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高功率鋰電池開發與應用高功率鋰電池開發與應用

Presented by Dr. Mo-Hua Yang (楊模樺) President, TD HiTech Energy Inc.President, TD HiTech Energy Inc.

達振能源股份公司總經理達振能源股份公司總經理

March 10, 2011

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From the From the OilOil--Age to the...Age to the...

to the to the ElectricElectric--AgeAge!

電器時代石油時代

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Revolution of TransportationsRevolution of Transportations

ICE Vehicles (燃油車) Electric Vehicles (電動車)

ConvenienceConvenience便利便利

SafetySafety安全安全

Environmental FriendlyEnvironmental Friendly環保環保

Energy SavingEnergy Saving節能節能

Emission廢氣

Noise噪音

Energy Consumption能源的消耗

http://green.autoblog.com/gallery/2009-byd-f3dm-plug-in-hybridhttp://green.autoblog.com/gallery/2008-chevrolet-equinox-fuel-cellhttp://green.autoblog.com/gallery/2010-toyota-prius-7/#32http://www.segway.com/individual/models/i2.php

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Vehicle Revolution Vehicle Revolution

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LEV LEV SegmentationSegmentation

Pedelec E-Bike E-Scooter

Accelerate independent from the muscle power input by twisting the throttle!

accelerates only when you pedal.

Battery Demand

Energy Energy + Power

Personal mobilityPersonal mobility

http://www.autobloggreen.com/photos/ultra-motor-a2b/974069/

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HEV/EV SegmentationHEV/EV Segmentation

Source: TOYOTA Motor Corp.

PureEV Drive

Battery Demand

Power Power + Energy

14V

14-42V

42-144V

>144V

http://www.autobloggreen.com/photos/2010-toyota-prius-2/1285180/http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080123/146098/http://green.autoblog.com/2008/10/09/citroen-to-launch-new-micro-hybrid-technology-on-diesel-c3-picas/

7Charger

電池與電池管理系統 Battery & Battery system

電動馬達與控制器Electric motor & Controller

EV SystemEV System

Power

Power

CommunicationCommunication

http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080806/156094/?SS=imgview&FD=1072354853http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/CAR/20090205/165296/?SS=imgview&FD=-1561400831&ad_qhttp://green.autoblog.com/gallery/2009-byd-f3dm-plug-in-hybrid

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key for EV key for EV -- BatteriesBatteries

Now We’re Cooking With … Batteries, Newsweek, Dec., 2008

Electric Vehicle?Battery Vehicle?

Key for EV-Batteries Energy Storage System

電動車? 載電池的車?

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行動電話

筆記型電腦

輕型電動車

電動車

0.25-3kWh

>20kWh

以18650,2.2Ah8Wh標準電池為例

4-44台NB

>280台NB

LIB Product Application SegmentsLIB Product Application Segments

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VehicleVehicle

Driving rang, Weight

BatteryBattery

Charging time

Energy density（Wh/kg）

Power density（W/kg）Starting, Acceleration,

Climbing

High charging rate

energy consumption when vehicle Idling Self-discharge

Energy Efficiency Charge-discharge efficiency

Cost Cost

Operation cost ($/km) Cycle life

Vehicle Vehicle vsvs BatteryBattery

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Design Consideration for Battery SystemDesign Consideration for Battery SystemDesign Consideration for Battery System

放電能力 (Discharge Ability)•

How much energy is available in the storage ?

•

With what power can LEV draw this energy from the storage ?

•

May LEV still perform a certain (critical) function relying on the storage ?

•

How long can LEV still continue drawing a certain power ?

充電能力 (Recharge Ability)•

How much energy can I still store into the storage ?

•

How fast (with what power or current) can I store energy into the storage ?

•

What will be my energy losses under different charging conditions ?

Questions of a System DesignerQuestions of a System Designer

電池系統的設計考量電池系統的設計考量

充放電方式對電池的影響operation conditions influent

battery performance

安全與壽命Safety & Cycle life

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No consumption of strategic materials

High safety

Good environmentalcompatibility

Resistant to abuse

Not sensitive to ambient conditions

No maintenance Low cost

Long cycle/calendar life

Fast recharge

Low self-dischargerate

High efficiency

High power density

High energy density

Battery for EV Use

Battery for EV Use

Required for an Ideal EV Battery Required for an Ideal EV Battery

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From Material to Energy SystemFrom Material to Energy System

EV電動車

Materials材料

Cell電池蕊

Module電池模組

Pack電池系统

Battery Tech.電池技術

Electronic Tech.電路技術

Energy system control Tech.能量系統控制技術

http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080123/146098/http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080123/146098/http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080123/146098/http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080806/156094/?SS=imgview&FD=1072354853http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080806/156094/?SS=imgview&FD=1071431332http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20080519/151934/

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Rechargeable BatteryRechargeable Battery

Mo-Hua Yang 6/20

Pb-acid Ni-Cd Ni-MH Li-ion

Commercialization 1890 1956 1990 1991

Working voltage 2.0V 1.2V 1.2V 3.6VEnergy density 100 Wh/l

30Wh/kg150 Wh/l50Wh/kg

250 Wh/l80Wh/kg

350-400 Wh/l150Wh/kg

Cycle life 300 1000 500 500

Self-discharge 20%/month 20%/month 20%/month 5%/month

Memory effect no yes partially noPrice

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Wh / liter

Wh / Kg40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0

300

250

200

150

100

50NiCd

NiMH Li-ion

Pb-acid

Battery Energy DensityBattery Energy Density

To get 3.6 v, we need , in one pack :3 NiCd cells or3 NiMH cells

1 Li-ion cell

NiCd or NiMH 3.6 volts Li-ion 3.6 volts

2 Pb-acid cell

Pb-acid4.0 volts

Smaller

Lighter

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Advantages of LiAdvantages of Li--ion batteryion battery

More EnergyMore Energy

More PowerMore Power

Longer LifeLonger Life

Small SizeSmall Size

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DesignDesign--related Definitionsrelated Definitions--11

Anode (陽極):The electrode at which an oxidation reaction occurs. Usually, a cell’s anode is specified during discharging and hence the name anode is commonly used for the negative electrode. Cathode (陰極):The electrode at which a reduction reaction occurs. Usually, a cell’s cathode is specified during discharging and hence the name anode is commonly used for the positive electrode.

John Frederic Daniell (1790-1845)

Anode Cathode

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DesignDesign--related Definitionsrelated Definitions--22

Electrolyte:The medium that provides the essential ionic conductivity between the positive and negative electrode of a cell.Separator:An ion-permeable, electronically non-conductive material or spacer that prevents short-circuiting of the positive and negative electrodes of a cell.

Gaston Plante(1834-1889)

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LIB Material DevelopmentsLIB Material Developments

Cathode: -LiCoO2-LiCox Aly O2-LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2-LiMn2 O4-Blending-LiFePO4

Separator: -Ceramic coated separator -Heat resistance separator

Electrolyte: -Non-flammable, -Ionic liquid, -Polymer/Gel type-Additives

Anode:-Si-based -Sn-based-Li4 Ti5 O12

能量

Energy

功率/動力

Power

使用壽命Service life

成本Cost

安全性

Cycle Life

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Battery Raw Materials Market Battery Raw Materials Market -- 20082008

Cathodearound 37,000 tons

Active materials

Anodearound 22,000 tons

Active materials

LiMPO4

LiCoO2LiMn2 O4

Li[Nix Mny Coz ]O2NMC

Li[Nix Coy MnAl]O2NCA-NCM

Graphite Si, Si/C

Sn, Sn/C

SiO2 -Si

Electrolytearound 12,500 tons

Mitsubishi

CHIEL

UBE

Tomiyama

Separators>265 M m2

Entek

Asahi

Tonen

Celgard

UBE

Data source: THE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MARKET 2008-2020 , AVICENNE, JUNE 2009

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LiLi--ion Batteriesion Batteries

Cathode: LiCoO2 Li(1-x) CoO2 +xLi+ +xe-

Anode: C6 +xLi ++xe- Lix C6

TotalRxn.: LiCoO2 +C6 Li(1-x) CoO2 +Lix C6Charge

Discharge

Anode: graphite (C) Cathode: lithium cobalt (LiCoO2 ) Electrolyte: non-aqueous organic solvent

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Cell ConfigurationCell Configuration

CylindricalPrismatic

Laminated type(soft package)

(polymer?)

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Cathode MaterialsCathode Materials

Requirements for LiRequirements for Li--ion Cathode Materialsion Cathode Materials1) High energy density - Large amounts of Li in the crystal

structure2) Stability - small change in structure during

charge/discharge process3) Crystal structure - Li ion passage 4) Chemical stability against organic solvent5) Good reversibility6) Homogeneous particles - ease of fabrication7) High voltage 8) Low cost

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New Cathode Material CandidateNew Cathode Material Candidatess

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

Avg

. Vol

tage

(V)

0 50 100 150 200 250Discharge Capacity （mAh/g）

LiFePO4

LiMn2 O4 LiNiO2

Li(Mn-M)2 O4

LiCoPO4

Li2 CoMn3 O8

Li(Ni-Mn)O2

Li(Ni-Co-Mn)O2LiCoO2

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Li diffusion

Material system Capacity (mAh/g)

Nominal V. (V)

Safety Cost

OlivineStructure

1D LiFePO4 160 3.4 excellent low

Layered structure

2D LiCoO2Li(Co-Ni)O2Li(Ni-Mn)O2

LiCo1/3 Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2

160180160190

3.6~3.7 accept high

SpinelStructure

3D LiMn2 O4 110 3.7 good low

layered structure spinel structure olivine structure


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Charge and Discharge CharacteristicsCharge and Discharge Characteristics


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Thermal stabilityThermal stability


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Current level of developmentCurrent level of development


Data source: Umicore, AABC 2010, Germany

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Current level of developmentCurrent level of development


Data source: J. Thomas, Uppsala University, Sweden

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Anode MaterialsAnode Materials

Requirements for LiRequirements for Li--ion Anode Materialsion Anode Materials1) Large capability of Li adsorption2) High efficiency of charge/discharge3) Excellent cyclebility4) Low reactivity against electrolyte5) Fast reaction rate6) Low cost8) Environmental -friendly, non-toxic

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AnodeAnode--LithiationLithiation MechanismsMechanisms

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Graphite AnodesGraphite Anodes


Theoretical capacity 372mAh/g

Li++e-

LiLi

LiLi

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Carbon Classify by the precursor phaseCarbon Classify by the precursor phase


高功率鋰電池開發與應用投影片編號 2Revolution of Transportations投影片編號 4LEV SegmentationHEV/EV Segmentation投影片編號 7投影片編號 8投影片編號 9投影片編號 10Questions of a System Designer投影片編號 12投影片編號 13Rechargeable Battery投影片編號 15Advantages of Li-ion batteryDesign-related Definitions-1Design-related Definitions-2投影片編號 19投影片編號 20Li-ion BatteriesCell ConfigurationCathode Materials投影片編號 24投影片編號 25Cathode MaterialsCathode MaterialsCathode MaterialsCathode MaterialsAnode Materials投影片編號 31投影片編號 32投影片編號 33

高功率鋰電池開發與應用1 高功率鋰電池開發與應用 Presented by Dr. Mo-Hua Yang...

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