Ecclesiology: the study of the Church

Survey of EcclesiologySurvey of Ecclesiology 11

Ecclesiology: the study of the Ecclesiology: the study of the ChurchChurch

Since the Church is the Bride of Since the Church is the Bride of Christ, there is nothing on earth Christ, there is nothing on earth

dearer to the heart of Goddearer to the heart of God


DefinitionDefinition The German designation The German designation kirchekirche, is derived from the , is derived from the Greek word Greek word , the neuter adjective of , the neuter adjective of (“Lord” ), meaning “belonging to the Lord(“Lord” ), meaning “belonging to the Lordchurch church also translates the Greek word also translates the Greek word , which is , which is derived from derived from , meaning “out of,” and , meaning “out of,” and , which , which means “to call,” hence, the church is “a called-out-means “to call,” hence, the church is “a called-out-group.”group.”

appears 114 times in the New Testament, 3 appears 114 times in the New Testament, 3 times in the gospels, and 111 times in the epistles. In times in the gospels, and 111 times in the epistles. In the gospels it appears only in Matthew 16:18 and the gospels it appears only in Matthew 16:18 and 18:17 in a prophetic sense18:17 in a prophetic sense

It is used non-technically to describe any meeting or It is used non-technically to describe any meeting or assembly (Acts 7:38; 19:32), as well as the term for assembly (Acts 7:38; 19:32), as well as the term for NT churchesNT churches


Aspects of the ChurchAspects of the ChurchAspects of the ChurchAspects of the ChurchLocal (visible) churchLocal (visible) church– Group of believers identified as a local assemblyGroup of believers identified as a local assembly

– Without a building, they met in homes (Without a building, they met in homes (Romans 16:5 “Also greet the church in their house” Philemon 2)” Philemon 2)

– Came together for worship (Came together for worship (1 Corinthians 14:25 The secrets of his heart are disclosed, and in this way he will fall down with his face to the ground and worship God, declaring, "God is really among you."), ),

– fellowship (Acts 2:45–46; 4:31fellowship (Acts 2:45–46; 4:31Acts 2:46 Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts,), ),

– instruction (instruction (Acts 2:42 They were devoting themselves to the apostles' teaching Acts 11:26; 1 Cor. 4:17), 11:26; 1 Cor. 4:17),

– for ministry (Acts 13:2; 15:3; 20:28). for ministry (Acts 13:2; 15:3; 20:28).

– The result was that people were continually being saved (The result was that people were continually being saved (Acts 2:47 praising God and having the good will of all the people. And the Lord was adding to their number every day those who were being saved.))


Aspects of the ChurchAspects of the ChurchUniversal (invisible) ChurchUniversal (invisible) Church– He promised to build it (He promised to build it (Matt 16:18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on

this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.))

– All those born of the Spirit and, by the Spirit, placed into the Body of Christ All those born of the Spirit and, by the Spirit, placed into the Body of Christ ((1 Cor 12:13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body. Whether Jews or Greeks or slaves or free, we were all made to drink of the one Spirit. 1 Pet 1:3, 22-25)1 Pet 1:3, 22-25)

– The Body for whom Christ died (Eph 5:24; The Body for whom Christ died (Eph 5:24; Acts 20:28 “Watch out for

yourselves and for all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you

overseers, to shepherd the church of God that he obtained with the blood of his own Son”

– He is the Head and gives it direction (He is the Head and gives it direction (Ephesians 1:22-23 “And God put all things under Christ's feet, and he gave him to the church as head over all things. :23 Now the church is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.”

– Colossians 1:18 “He is the head of the body, the church”


Formation of the ChurchFormation of the ChurchFormation of the ChurchFormation of the Church

Future in Matt 16:18, Future in Matt 16:18, I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.Manner of formationManner of formation (1 Cor 12:13, “ (1 Cor 12:13, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body): work of Spirit baptizing ): work of Spirit baptizing believers into Christ. Eph 1:22-23 identifies Church with Body believers into Christ. Eph 1:22-23 identifies Church with Body of Christ”of Christ”Still future in Still future in Acts 1:5 “For John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.“Began in Acts 2:1-4Began in Acts 2:1-4Confirmed in Acts 11:15, “as at the beginning”Confirmed in Acts 11:15, “as at the beginning”Church began at PentecostChurch began at Pentecost


The Purpose of the Church – What The Purpose of the Church – What are we supposed to do?are we supposed to do?

– “– “The Great Commission” (Matthew 28:19,20) The Great Commission” (Matthew 28:19,20) – Reiterated in Mark 16:15; Luke 24:45-47 and Acts 1:8 Reiterated in Mark 16:15; Luke 24:45-47 and Acts 1:8 – Spoken by Christ, the Head of the church (Matthew Spoken by Christ, the Head of the church (Matthew

28:18) 28:18)

The Command – “Go and make disciples” The Command – “Go and make disciples” – means that we must take the initiative. means that we must take the initiative. – ““Make disciples” means “make followers, learners.” Make disciples” means “make followers, learners.”

The Means – “Baptizing, Teaching”The Means – “Baptizing, Teaching”– ““Baptizing” – Public identification with Christ Baptizing” – Public identification with Christ – ““Teaching to obey” – Learning the scripture for the Teaching to obey” – Learning the scripture for the

purpose of applying it purpose of applying it


Figures of the ChurchFigures of the ChurchBodyBody: illustrates unity and universality. Christ is the Head (Eph : illustrates unity and universality. Christ is the Head (Eph 1:22-3) Who gives diversity of gifts (members) (1 Cor 12:13) and 1:22-3) Who gives diversity of gifts (members) (1 Cor 12:13) and gifted leadership to mature her (Eph 4:11-16).gifted leadership to mature her (Eph 4:11-16).BrideBride (Eph 5:23) Illustrates the great affect of Christ and the exalted (Eph 5:23) Illustrates the great affect of Christ and the exalted position of the Church.position of the Church.BuildingBuilding: the wall of separation abolished between Jew and Gentile : the wall of separation abolished between Jew and Gentile (Eph 2:11-18); Foundation laid by apostles (2:20); Each piece is (Eph 2:11-18); Foundation laid by apostles (2:20); Each piece is fitted together (2:21); Grows as under construction (1 Pet 2:5)fitted together (2:21); Grows as under construction (1 Pet 2:5)PriesthoodPriesthood: 2 Pet 2:5,9; Rev 1:9 As priests we can intercede with : 2 Pet 2:5,9; Rev 1:9 As priests we can intercede with boldness (Heb 4:14-16) and be dedicated to serviceboldness (Heb 4:14-16) and be dedicated to serviceFlockFlock: Relationship of trust and fellowship (Jn 10:26-27; Acts 20:28; : Relationship of trust and fellowship (Jn 10:26-27; Acts 20:28; 1 Pet 5:3). The flock is ever growing, Jn 10:16.1 Pet 5:3). The flock is ever growing, Jn 10:16.BranchesBranches: Christ is the root, believers are the branches in Jn 15:1-: Christ is the root, believers are the branches in Jn 15:1-16, which shows vital union with Christ16, which shows vital union with Christ


Image as Body of ChristImage as Body of ChristImage as Body of ChristImage as Body of Christ

Christ is the HEAD of the Body (Col 1:18; Eph 1:10)Christ is the HEAD of the Body (Col 1:18; Eph 1:10)= Authority to direct and control (Col 2:9-10)= Authority to direct and control (Col 2:9-10)= Nourishment of motivation and security (Col 2:19)= Nourishment of motivation and security (Col 2:19)

INTERCONNECTION of believers: building up, serving and INTERCONNECTION of believers: building up, serving and mutual sharingmutual sharingFELLOWSHIP of believers in commitment and love (benefiting FELLOWSHIP of believers in commitment and love (benefiting others)others)UNIFIED Body– Corinth was a divided church (1 Cor 11:17-19)UNIFIED Body– Corinth was a divided church (1 Cor 11:17-19)UNIVERSAL Body—All believers everywhere are united (Col UNIVERSAL Body—All believers everywhere are united (Col 3:11)3:11)EXTENSION of Christ’s ministry– through Great Commission EXTENSION of Christ’s ministry– through Great Commission (Mt 28:18), even greater scale (Jn 14:12)(Mt 28:18), even greater scale (Jn 14:12)


Distinction in the churchDistinction in the church

Distinct from IsraelDistinct from Israel: The Church is neither the : The Church is neither the continuation of, nor synonymous with Israel (Acts continuation of, nor synonymous with Israel (Acts 3:12; 4:8, 10; 5:21, 31, 35; 21:19). See also 1 3:12; 4:8, 10; 5:21, 31, 35; 21:19). See also 1 Cor 10:32.Cor 10:32.Distinct from the KingdomDistinct from the Kingdom::– Universal Kingdom: Christ rules the universe (Psa Universal Kingdom: Christ rules the universe (Psa

103:19; 139:7-10)103:19; 139:7-10)– Kingdom on earth (Matt 6:10– the prayer of believers)Kingdom on earth (Matt 6:10– the prayer of believers)– Kingdom of heaven (occurs 32 times in Matthew) Kingdom of heaven (occurs 32 times in Matthew)

refers to the heaven-reign of God throughout agesrefers to the heaven-reign of God throughout ages– All are distinct from any parallel with the ChurchAll are distinct from any parallel with the Church


Functions of the local churchFunctions of the local churchFunctions of the local churchFunctions of the local churchWorshipWorship , which means “to bow down” or “prostrate”, which means “to bow down” or “prostrate” has a basic meaning of “priestly service” of sacrifice (Rom 12:1)has a basic meaning of “priestly service” of sacrifice (Rom 12:1) means “to reverence or fear God” (1 Tim. 2:10; 5:4; 2 Pet. 1:3; means “to reverence or fear God” (1 Tim. 2:10; 5:4; 2 Pet. 1:3;

3:11)3:11)

InstructionInstruction: : for maturity (2 Tim. 3:16–17); antidote to false for maturity (2 Tim. 3:16–17); antidote to false doctrine (1 Tim. 1:3); produces love (1 Tim. 1:5); spiritual doctrine (1 Tim. 1:3); produces love (1 Tim. 1:5); spiritual nourishment (1 Tim. 4:6); godliness (1 Tim. 4:6–16); submission nourishment (1 Tim. 4:6); godliness (1 Tim. 4:6–16); submission (1 Tim. 5:17; 6:2); and a proper focus on life (1 Tim. 6:17). in (1 Tim. 5:17; 6:2); and a proper focus on life (1 Tim. 6:17). in order to reproduce himself (2 Tim. 2:2; cf. 1 Tim. 4:14, 16; 6:20).order to reproduce himself (2 Tim. 2:2; cf. 1 Tim. 4:14, 16; 6:20).FellowshipFellowship– – koinoniakoinonia: “sharing, participate”. Acts 2:42, : “sharing, participate”. Acts 2:42, sharing of goods(Ro 15:26); prayer (Acts 4:24-31)sharing of goods(Ro 15:26); prayer (Acts 4:24-31)MinistryMinistry: : evangelism and mutual service (“one another”)evangelism and mutual service (“one another”)

OrganizationOrganization: : Leadership responsible were elders and Leadership responsible were elders and deaconsdeaconsOrdinancesOrdinances: : Baptism and Lord’s SupperBaptism and Lord’s Supper


A local church purpose statement A local church purpose statement

STATEMENT: To STATEMENT: To Glorify GodGlorify God by by ReachingReaching people with people with the gospel, the gospel, BuildingBuilding them in their relationship with God them in their relationship with God and and InvolvingInvolving them in God’s plan them in God’s plan – To “To “GlorifyGlorify God” is the overall purpose. The Bible says " God” is the overall purpose. The Bible says "

Whatever you do, do it all for the glory of GodWhatever you do, do it all for the glory of God." (1 Corinthians ." (1 Corinthians 10:31 NIV). 10:31 NIV).

– BuildingBuilding (Acts 11:22-26; Ephesians 4:11-16) “ (Acts 11:22-26; Ephesians 4:11-16) “BuildingBuilding” refers ” refers to the spiritual process of God bringing the growth and change to the spiritual process of God bringing the growth and change that we need in our lives. How can a church help to encourage that we need in our lives. How can a church help to encourage that work of God? that work of God?

– InvolvementInvolvement (Acts 11:27-30; Ephesians 4:11,12) (Acts 11:27-30; Ephesians 4:11,12)Sometimes people in churches assume that ministry is the job of Sometimes people in churches assume that ministry is the job of paid professionals – the pastors and staff. It’s not. paid professionals – the pastors and staff. It’s not. God has called every believer to be involved in ministry. God has called every believer to be involved in ministry. He has given every person certain “spiritual gifts” – supernatural He has given every person certain “spiritual gifts” – supernatural abilities to serve/help others in some way. abilities to serve/help others in some way. Instead of leaders Instead of leaders doingdoing most of the ministry, their real role is to most of the ministry, their real role is to equipequip people for ministry people for ministry


Leaders of the local church:Leaders of the local church: Elders – Pastors Elders – Pastors

Leaders of the local church:Leaders of the local church: Elders – Pastors Elders – Pastors

Terms usedTerms used::– Presbyters, Presbyters, presbuteros, presbuteros, 69 times in NT, 69 times in NT, ““mature”– dignity of officemature”– dignity of office– Overseer, Overseer, episkopos, episkopos, 6 times in NT, “watch over”– function of office6 times in NT, “watch over”– function of office

QualificationsQualifications: : 15 qualities (1 Tim 3:1-7; Tit 1:5-9)15 qualities (1 Tim 3:1-7; Tit 1:5-9)– Character, Family, Relationships, Ministry capable, MaturityCharacter, Family, Relationships, Ministry capable, Maturity

DutiesDuties. . The duties of the elder involve shepherding the The duties of the elder involve shepherding the flock (Acts 20:28), teaching (1 Tim. 3:2), ruling or general flock (Acts 20:28), teaching (1 Tim. 3:2), ruling or general leadership (1 Tim. 5:17), and guarding against error (Tit. leadership (1 Tim. 5:17), and guarding against error (Tit. 1:9).1:9).

NumberNumber.. A plurality of elders is mentioned frequently A plurality of elders is mentioned frequently (Acts 14:23; Phil. 1:1; Tit. 1:5), though one is leader or (Acts 14:23; Phil. 1:1; Tit. 1:5), though one is leader or spokesman (Acts 15).spokesman (Acts 15).


DeaconsDeaconsTerm usedTerm used: : diaconosdiaconos, “minister” or “servant”, “minister” or “servant”OfficeOffice: Highly suggested in Acts 6:1-6 where 7 : Highly suggested in Acts 6:1-6 where 7 were appointed to facilitate the ministry of apostles were appointed to facilitate the ministry of apostles or church leaders by relieving them of material or church leaders by relieving them of material obligations.obligations.QualificationsQualifications: 8 characteristics, mostly similar to : 8 characteristics, mostly similar to elders. elders. Deaconesses?Deaconesses?: Rom 16:1 appears to be a : Rom 16:1 appears to be a descriptive term, rather than a specific office. In descriptive term, rather than a specific office. In the context of 1 Tim 3:11, the term is “the context of 1 Tim 3:11, the term is “womenwomen,” ,” gunaikas,gunaikas, 8 of 11 times in NT is clearly “wives”. 8 of 11 times in NT is clearly “wives”. Women’s ministry and requirements given in 1 Tim Women’s ministry and requirements given in 1 Tim 5:9-16. 5:9-16.


Government of the local churchGovernment of the local churchGovernment of the local churchGovernment of the local churchEpiscopalEpiscopal: led by : led by episkoposepiskopos, “bishop” (Methodists, , “bishop” (Methodists, Anglican, Lutheran, Catholic). Arose in 2Anglican, Lutheran, Catholic). Arose in 2ndnd cent, based cent, based on image of James and Timothy/Tituson image of James and Timothy/Titus

PresbyterianPresbyterian: led by : led by presbuterospresbuteros, “elder”, , “elder”, (Presbyterian and Reform) elected representatives of (Presbyterian and Reform) elected representatives of congregation with one teaching elder (1 Tim 5:17) and congregation with one teaching elder (1 Tim 5:17) and Acts 11:30; 15:2, 4; 20:17 Acts 11:30; 15:2, 4; 20:17

CongregationalCongregational: led by consensus opinion based on : led by consensus opinion based on two principles: autonomy and democracy (Baptist, Bible, two principles: autonomy and democracy (Baptist, Bible, Congregational, Independent). Based on Priesthood of Congregational, Independent). Based on Priesthood of all believers, congregations elected deacons (Acts 6:1-6) all believers, congregations elected deacons (Acts 6:1-6) and elders (Acts 14:23); church decided on discipline (1 and elders (Acts 14:23); church decided on discipline (1 Cor 5:12; 2 Cor 2:6-7); sent out missionaries (Acts Cor 5:12; 2 Cor 2:6-7); sent out missionaries (Acts 11:22), etc. 11:22), etc.


Evaluation of church governmentEvaluation of church governmentEvaluation of church governmentEvaluation of church government

EpiscopalianEpiscopalian is based on apostolic is based on apostolic continuity, which has no biblical basis (Mt continuity, which has no biblical basis (Mt 16:18-19) rather was unique to them 16:18-19) rather was unique to them (Luke 9:1)(Luke 9:1)PresbyterianPresbyterian has support in appearance has support in appearance of multiple elders, but no external of multiple elders, but no external authority authority CongregationalCongregational finds its support in the finds its support in the many congregational decisions called for.many congregational decisions called for.


Two “Ordinances” of the churchTwo “Ordinances” of the church Two “Ordinances” of the churchTwo “Ordinances” of the church

TermsTerms: : – SacramentSacrament, “sacred sign”, implies a mysterious quality. , “sacred sign”, implies a mysterious quality. – OrdinanceOrdinance “ “is a physical ritual prescribed by Christ is a physical ritual prescribed by Christ

to illustrate a spiritual reality to illustrate a spiritual reality Catholics have held to seven sacraments: – Baptism (sprinkling), the Eucharist (Lord’s Supper),

confirmation, penance, extreme unction, holy orders, and marriage.

– Only six are possible because either Orders Only six are possible because either Orders (priesthood) or Marriage, but not both. (priesthood) or Marriage, but not both.

Lord’s SupperLord’s Supper: Do you part-take of Christ or : Do you part-take of Christ or remember His sacrifice?remember His sacrifice?BaptismBaptism: What does it symbolize and does it effect : What does it symbolize and does it effect anything?anything?


Why only two ordinances?Why only two ordinances?

Only these two are specifically Only these two are specifically prescribed by Christ and clearly prescribed by Christ and clearly practiced by the early church.practiced by the early church.

Only these two symbolize the saving Only these two symbolize the saving work of Christ.work of Christ.


What do they have to do with a What do they have to do with a person’s salvation?person’s salvation?

Practicing these “symbols” in no way Practicing these “symbols” in no way saves or even helps a person have eternal saves or even helps a person have eternal salvation salvation – Ephesians 2:8 For by grace you are saved

through faith, and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God; 9 it is not from works, so that no one can boast.

These ordinances are meaningful only to a These ordinances are meaningful only to a person who has already personally trusted person who has already personally trusted Christ for salvation.Christ for salvation.


First Ordinance: Lord’s SupperFirst Ordinance: Lord’s Supper

This ordinance is a command This ordinance is a command – (“Do this” – 1 Corinthians 11:24,25) (“Do this” – 1 Corinthians 11:24,25) – to be practiced regularly (“as often as” – 1 Corinthians to be practiced regularly (“as often as” – 1 Corinthians

11:25,26) 11:25,26) – throughout this church age (“proclaim the Lord’s throughout this church age (“proclaim the Lord’s

death until He comes” – 1 Corinthians 11:26). death until He comes” – 1 Corinthians 11:26).

The Meaning: The Lord’s Supper is a memorial The Meaning: The Lord’s Supper is a memorial to Christ’s saving work on the cross. to Christ’s saving work on the cross. – The bread represents Christ’s substitutionary death in The bread represents Christ’s substitutionary death in

our place (“for you” – Luke 22:19; 1 Corinthians our place (“for you” – Luke 22:19; 1 Corinthians 11:24).11:24).

– The cup represents Christ’s fulfilling of the old The cup represents Christ’s fulfilling of the old covenant sacrifice system (“the new covenant in my covenant sacrifice system (“the new covenant in my blood” – Luke 22:20; 1 Corinthians 11:25blood” – Luke 22:20; 1 Corinthians 11:25).).


4-views of the Lord’s Supper4-views of the Lord’s Supper

TransubstantiationTransubstantiation, “change of substance” , “change of substance” (RCC)(RCC)Consubstantiation, “Consubstantiation, “with substance” on with substance” on consumption (Lutheran)consumption (Lutheran)Reformed viewReformed view: emphasize the “spiritual : emphasize the “spiritual presence of Christ” in the elements imparting a presence of Christ” in the elements imparting a form of grace to recipient.form of grace to recipient.Memorial viewMemorial view: Elements are figurative only, : Elements are figurative only, objects to provoke an image of Christ’s real objects to provoke an image of Christ’s real sacrifice. The focus is memory (1 Cor 11:25-26); sacrifice. The focus is memory (1 Cor 11:25-26); proclaiming His death (11:26)proclaiming His death (11:26)


The Method:The Method:

The early Church’s formThe early Church’s form– - The love feast (a shared meal – 1 Corinthians - The love feast (a shared meal – 1 Corinthians

11:20-22)11:20-22)– - The elements (a shared loaf and cup – 1 - The elements (a shared loaf and cup – 1

Corinthians 11:23-25).Corinthians 11:23-25).– - Done weekly as the church gathered (“breaking of - Done weekly as the church gathered (“breaking of

bread” – Acts 20:7,11).bread” – Acts 20:7,11).

The basic The basic functionfunction is required is required– The Lord’s Supper should be practiced regularly by The Lord’s Supper should be practiced regularly by

churches using similar symbols with the identical churches using similar symbols with the identical significance Christ gave them.significance Christ gave them.


Second Ordinance : BaptismSecond Ordinance : BaptismSecond Ordinance : BaptismSecond Ordinance : Baptism

Definition: The use of water to symbolize outwardly Definition: The use of water to symbolize outwardly the inner spiritual change that took place when we the inner spiritual change that took place when we trusted Christ as Saviortrusted Christ as SaviorViews of baptismViews of baptism::1.1. Means of saving grace – “Baptismal regeneration”Means of saving grace – “Baptismal regeneration”2.2. Sign and seal of covenant – Covenant theologySign and seal of covenant – Covenant theology3.3. Symbol of our salvation – Memorial Symbol of our salvation – Memorial

Mode of baptismMode of baptism1.1. Pouring or affusionPouring or affusion: an allowed method in 2: an allowed method in 2ndnd Cent Cent2.2. Sprinkling or aspersionSprinkling or aspersion from analogy of OT ritual cleansing in from analogy of OT ritual cleansing in

Temple (Num 8:5-7)Temple (Num 8:5-7)3.3. ImmersionImmersion from from baptizobaptizo, “to dip, immerse” which best visualizes , “to dip, immerse” which best visualizes

Romans 6:4 Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too may live a new life.

4.4. Infant baptismInfant baptism is suppose to replace circumcision in new is suppose to replace circumcision in new covenantcovenant


Purposes of the churchPurposes of the church

EvangelismEvangelism: a going to others with good news (Mt : a going to others with good news (Mt 28:19), practiced by all (Acts 8:4), resulting in many 28:19), practiced by all (Acts 8:4), resulting in many believers (Acts 2:41; 4:4; 5:14; 8:12)believers (Acts 2:41; 4:4; 5:14; 8:12)FellowshipFellowship: commitment to believers in church (Ro 12:5, : commitment to believers in church (Ro 12:5, 10, 16; 13:8) in unity (Acts 2:46; 4:31)10, 16; 13:8) in unity (Acts 2:46; 4:31)TeachingTeaching: essential to edification and maturity (Acts : essential to edification and maturity (Acts 11:26; 15:35; 2 Ti 2:2; He 5:12)11:26; 15:35; 2 Ti 2:2; He 5:12)WorshipWorship: To love God with all, heart, soul, mind (Mt : To love God with all, heart, soul, mind (Mt 22:37); church prayed (Ac 12:5); read Scripture (Ac 4:24); 22:37); church prayed (Ac 12:5); read Scripture (Ac 4:24); Singing (Eph 5:19)Singing (Eph 5:19)Service to othersService to others: 41 commands are to be done to “one : 41 commands are to be done to “one another”; spiritual gifts give purpose (1 Co 12-14)another”; spiritual gifts give purpose (1 Co 12-14)


Church DisciplineChurch Discipline

Principle of Discipline DefinedPrinciple of Discipline Defined– Evangelism ministers to those outside the church in Evangelism ministers to those outside the church in

bondage to sinbondage to sin– Edification is designed to build up the believersEdification is designed to build up the believers– Discipline is part of the edification process which Discipline is part of the edification process which

ministers to believers who are dominated by some ministers to believers who are dominated by some area of sin so they can experience liberation from its area of sin so they can experience liberation from its power through fellowship with Christpower through fellowship with Christ

Definition: “The confrontive and corrective Definition: “The confrontive and corrective measures taken by an individual, church measures taken by an individual, church leaders, or the congregation regarding a matter leaders, or the congregation regarding a matter of sin in the life of a believer”of sin in the life of a believer”


Pattern and Basis for DisciplinePattern and Basis for Discipline

1.1. The Lord Himself disciplines His childrenThe Lord Himself disciplines His children ( (Heb 12:6 "For the Lord disciplines the one he loves and chastises every son he accepts."))

2.2. Based on the Holy Character of GodBased on the Holy Character of God ( (Heb 12:11 Now all discipline seems painful at the time, not joyful. But later it produces the fruit of peace and righteousness for those trained by it.))

3.3. Based on the divine command of ScriptureBased on the divine command of Scripture ( (1 Timothy 5:20 Those guilty of sin must be rebuked before all, as a warning to the rest.))

4.4. The Testimony of the church in the worldThe Testimony of the church in the world ( (1 Peter 4:17 For it is time for judgment to begin, starting with the house of God. And if it starts with us, what will be the fate of those who are disobedient to the gospel of God?))


Purposes of Church DisciplinePurposes of Church Discipline

1.1. To restore, heal or build up sinning believersTo restore, heal or build up sinning believers Matt 18:15 "If your brother sins, go and show him his fault when the two of you are alone. If he listens to you, you have regained your brother.”

2. To produce a healthy faith 1 Timothy 1:20 Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I handed over to Satan to be taught not to

3. To set an example for the rest of the Body and promote godly fear 1 Tim 5:20 Those guilty of sin must be rebuked before all, as a warning to the rest.

4. To silent false teachers blaspheme. Titus 1:13 Such testimony is true. For this reason rebuke them sharply that they may be healthy in the faith


Four Loses for Failure to Discipline:Four Loses for Failure to Discipline:

1.1. Loss of PurityLoss of Purity: : 1 Corinthians 5:6 … Don't you know that a little yeast affects the whole batch of dough? :7 Clean out the old yeast so that you may be a new batch of dough--…

2.2. Loss of PowerLoss of Power: Joshua 7: sin of Achan: Joshua 7: sin of Achan3.3. Loss of ProgressLoss of Progress: : Revelation 2:5 Therefore,

remember from what high state you have fallen and repent! Do the deeds you did at the first; if not, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place--that is, if you do not repent.

4.4. Loss of PurposeLoss of Purpose: : 1 Peter 1:14 Like obedient children, do not comply with the evil urges you used to follow in your ignorance, :15 but, like the Holy One who called you, become holy yourselves in all of your conduct,


Practice of Church Discipline: Practice of Church Discipline: The MannerThe Manner

1.1. Must be done by those who are “spiritual”Must be done by those who are “spiritual” ( (Gal 6:1 … if a person is discovered in some sin, you who are spiritual restore such a person in a spirit of gentleness.)

2. Must be done in a spirit of humility, gentleness and patience (Gal 6:1… restore such a person in a spirit of gentleness. Pay close attention to yourselves, so that you are not tempted too.)

3. Must be done without bias, or spirit of partiality (1 Timothy 5:21 Before God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels, I solemnly charge you to carry out these commands without prejudice or favoritism of any kind.

4. Must admonish, warn and appeal in love to those who walk “disorderly” 1 Thess 5:14 “And we urge you, brothers and sisters, admonish the undisciplined,…” 2 Tim 4:2, “…reprove, rebuke, exhort with complete patience and instruction.”


Practice of Church Discipline: Practice of Church Discipline: The MannerThe Manner

5. Must rebuke publicly and withhold from fellowship if no response: 2 Thess 3:6 But we command you, to keep away from any brother who lives an undisciplined life and not according to the tradition you received from us.

6. Must excommunicate if no response to church discipline Matt 18:17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. If he refuses to listen to the church, treat him like a Gentile or a tax collector.

7. Must be ready to forgive, comfort and reafirm the repentant 2 Cor 2:6 This punishment on such an individual by the majority is enough for him, :7 so that now instead you should rather forgive and comfort him. This will keep him from being overwhelmed by excessive grief to the point of despair.


Reasons for Church DisciplineReasons for Church DisciplineGeneral CausesGeneral Causes– Disorderly conduct, conduct out of line with Disorderly conduct, conduct out of line with

commands of Scriptures which negatively impact the commands of Scriptures which negatively impact the testimony of Scriptures (2 Thess 3:6-15)testimony of Scriptures (2 Thess 3:6-15)

Specific CausesSpecific Causes– Difficulties between members (Matt 18:15-17)Difficulties between members (Matt 18:15-17)– Divisive people causing divisions in the church (Rom Divisive people causing divisions in the church (Rom

16:17-18)16:17-18)– Immoral conduct: 1 Cor 5:1, 11; 2 Thes 3:10-15 Immoral conduct: 1 Cor 5:1, 11; 2 Thes 3:10-15

include incest, immorality, covetousness, idolatry, include incest, immorality, covetousness, idolatry, abusive speech, drunkenness, swindling or idle abusive speech, drunkenness, swindling or idle busybodies who refuse to work but spread dissension busybodies who refuse to work but spread dissension

– False teaching that concern the fundamental of the False teaching that concern the fundamental of the faith – not lesser differences of interpretation (1 Tim faith – not lesser differences of interpretation (1 Tim 1:20; 2 Tim 2:17-18)1:20; 2 Tim 2:17-18)


Procedures for Church DisciplineProcedures for Church Discipline

1.1. Seek Private Correction and/or Reconciliation with offender (Mat Seek Private Correction and/or Reconciliation with offender (Mat 18:15)18:15)

Express genuine appreciation for the personExpress genuine appreciation for the personListen to the other person’s side and seek the factsListen to the other person’s side and seek the factsIf the person fails to respond, warn them that you will have to get If the person fails to respond, warn them that you will have to get others as witnessesothers as witnesses

2.2. Take witnesses to strengthen the effect of discipline, preferably Take witnesses to strengthen the effect of discipline, preferably spiritual leaders so it can be firmly proven and established (Mat spiritual leaders so it can be firmly proven and established (Mat 18:16-17; 1 Tim 5:19). 18:16-17; 1 Tim 5:19).

If no results, then warn that further action will be taken providing If no results, then warn that further action will be taken providing occasion for serous rebuke (2 Tim 4:2)occasion for serous rebuke (2 Tim 4:2)

3.3. Seek reconciliation and restoration through the whole body (Matt Seek reconciliation and restoration through the whole body (Matt 18:17; 2 Thess 3:14-15; 1 Tim 5:20)18:17; 2 Thess 3:14-15; 1 Tim 5:20)

The body is to exercise group disapproval by way of social ostracismThe body is to exercise group disapproval by way of social ostracismIf ineffective, the church is to exercise excommunication: removal If ineffective, the church is to exercise excommunication: removal from the church membership, loss of voting privileges, and ostracized from the church membership, loss of voting privileges, and ostracized (1 Cor 5:4)(1 Cor 5:4)There is heavenly action that coincides with this church action! (Mat There is heavenly action that coincides with this church action! (Mat 18:18-19)18:18-19)


Procedures for RestorationProcedures for RestorationForgivenessForgiveness– Accepting the person and forgetting the past (2 Cor Accepting the person and forgetting the past (2 Cor

2:7a)2:7a)– How do we know when genuine?How do we know when genuine?

Luke 3:8, when they “…bring forth fruits in keeping with Luke 3:8, when they “…bring forth fruits in keeping with repentance”repentance”Acts 26:20, “…that they should repent and turn to God, Acts 26:20, “…that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds appropriate to repentance.”performing deeds appropriate to repentance.”Freely acknowledge his sin (1 Jn 1:9; Prov 28:13a)Freely acknowledge his sin (1 Jn 1:9; Prov 28:13a)Cease activity for which he was disciplined, or seek help if Cease activity for which he was disciplined, or seek help if problem was a life dominating pattern (Prov 28:13a; Gal 6:1; problem was a life dominating pattern (Prov 28:13a; Gal 6:1; Jam 5:19-20)Jam 5:19-20)Make restitution or ask forgiveness from those hurt (Phil 18-Make restitution or ask forgiveness from those hurt (Phil 18-19; Mat 5:23-24)19; Mat 5:23-24)Demonstrate a genuine change of heart, godly sorrow for Demonstrate a genuine change of heart, godly sorrow for actions because of harm to glory of God and hurt to others (2 actions because of harm to glory of God and hurt to others (2 Cor 7:8-11)Cor 7:8-11)Begin to manifest the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22)Begin to manifest the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22)


Procedures for RestorationProcedures for Restoration

ComfortComfort– Reaching out to them, assuring them of your support, Reaching out to them, assuring them of your support,

encouraging, exhorting and challenging them to move encouraging, exhorting and challenging them to move on (2 Cor 2:7b)on (2 Cor 2:7b)

LoveLove– Means including them, drawing them close, doing Means including them, drawing them close, doing

whatever will help their recovery (2 Cor 2:8)whatever will help their recovery (2 Cor 2:8)– Encouraging them to get involved in ministry to others Encouraging them to get involved in ministry to others

(Luke 22:31-32)(Luke 22:31-32)– For leadership, there should be a time of testing to For leadership, there should be a time of testing to

demonstrate their qualifications (1 Tim 3:10)demonstrate their qualifications (1 Tim 3:10)

Ecclesiology: the study of the Church

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