EC2403 – RF AND MICROWAVE

ENGINEERING

BY

C.KARTHIK

ECE/PITS

AIM

To study active, passive microwave devices & components used in Rf and Microwave communication systems.

OBJECTIVES

• To study the two port RF Networks, its parameters & Circuit representation and derive their S matrix..

• To have an introduction about microwave communication and to study about various microwave waveguides.

• To study the various microwave sources, their principle of operation.

• To learn the various semiconductor devices, amplifiers and fabrication techniques of microwave Integrated circuits.

• To study the measurement of various parameters.

Microwave signals:

• Microwaves are radio waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.

UNIT-1

TWO PORT RF NETWORKS-CIRCUIT REPRESENTATION • Low frequency parameters-impedance, admittance, hybrid and

ABCD, High frequency parameters

• Formulation of S parameters, properties of S parameters-Reciprocal and lossless networks, transmission matrix

• Introduction to component basics, wire, resistor, capacitor and inductor

• applications of RF

UNIT-2 RF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER DESIGN AND MATCHING NETWORKS

• Amplifier power relation

• stability considerations

• gain considerations

• noise figure,

• impedance matching networks,frequency response

• T and Π matching networks

• microstripline matching networks

UNIT-3 MICROWAVE PASSIVE COMPONENTS

• Microwave frequency range, significance of microwave frequency range - applications of microwaves.• Scattering matrix -Concept of N port scattering matrix representation-Properties of S matrix- S matrix formulation of two-port junction. •Microwave junctions -Tee junctions -Magic Tee • Rat race • Corners - bends and twists • Directional couplers -two hole directional couplers-•Ferrites •important microwave properties and applications•Termination •Gyrator•Isolator•Circulator •Attenuator •Phase changer • S Matrix for microwave components •Cylindrical cavity resonators.

WAVE GUIDE TEESE-plane tee H-plane tee

H & E plane bends Magic tee

CIRCULATORS & ISOLATORS

UNIT-4 MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

• Microwave semiconductor devices- operation • characteristics and application of BJTs and FETs •Principles of tunnel diodes •Varactor and Step recovery diodes•Transferred electron Devices -Gunn diode- Avalanche Transit time devices- IMPATT and TRAPATT devices•Parametric devices -Principles of operation - applications of parametric amplifier •Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) • Materials and fabrication techniques

PIN DIODE IMPATT DIODE

GUNN DIODE SCHOTTKY DIODE

UNIT-5 MICROWAVE TUBES AND MEASUREMENTS

• Microwave tubes

• High frequency limitations

• Principle of operation of Multicavity Klystron,ReflexKlystron, Traveling Wave Tube, Magnetron

• Microwave measurements: Power Wavelength Impedance SWR Attenuation Q and Phase shift.

TWT amplifier

Magnetron

Two cavity Klystron Amplifier

Reflex Klystron

APPLICATIONS...Microwave frequency range, is 1-30GHz, which corresponds to between 1cm and 30cm wavelength in air or vacuum.

Applications are today found in

mobile communications,

radar,

heating,

high-speed fiber optical communications (at ≥1Gbit/s).

ASSIGNMENTS• Formulation of S parameters, properties of S

parameters

• Directional couplers -two hole directional couplers

• impedance, SWR measurement  

SEMINAR TOPICS

• Microwave transistors - Unipolar and bipolar

• Impedance & Frequency measurement

• Antenna measurement -Radiation pattern, Phase and gain.

TEXT BOOKS

• Samuel Y. Liao: Microwave Devices and Circuits - Prentice Hall of India, 2006.

• Reinhold.Ludwig and Pavel Bretshko ‘RF Circuit Design”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS

• Robert .E. Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engg- Mc Graw Hill. (2001)

• M.M.Radmanesh, RF & Microwave Electronics Illustrated, Pearson Education, 2007.

• David M.Pozar: Microwave Engg. - John Wiley & Sons - 2nd Edition (2006)

• Annapurna Das and Sisir K.Das: Microwave Engineering - Tata McGraw-Hill (2004)

.

URLs:

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering_parameters•http://www.pscrfheat.com/radio-frequency-applications•http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/rkwok/Engr297/Val_Impedance%20Matching%20and%20Matching%20Networks.pdf•http://home.sandiego.edu/~ekim/e194rfs01/lec20ek.pdf•http://cas.web.cern.ch/cas/denmark-2010/lectures/caspers-s-parameters.pdf•http://pesona.mmu.edu.my/~wlkung/ADS/rf/lesson4.pdf•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridley%E2%80%93Watkins%E2%80%93Hilsum_theory