EC2356-LM

(Designed for Anna University)

RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE THANDALAM,CHENNAI-602105

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENTAL MANUAL FOR NETWORK LABORATORY (Designed for Anna University).

Table of Contents1.2. 3.

INTRODUCTION 01 DRIVER INSTALLATION AND SETTINGS... 04 EXPERIMENT 1 PC TO PC COMMUNICATION.... 11 A. B. SERIAL COMMUNICATION PARALLEL COMMUNICATION

4.

EXPERIMENT 2 IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF STOP & WAIT PROTOCOL 21

5.

EXPERIMENT 3 IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF GO BACK N PROTOCOL.. 39

6.

EXPERIMENT 4 IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL.. 55

7.

EXPERIMENT 5 STUDY OF SOCKET PROCESSING... 69

8.

EXPERIMENT 6 STYDY OF DATA ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION ... 75

9.

EXPERIMENT 7 STUDY OF TOKEN BUS AND TOKEN RING PROTOCOL. 83

10.

EXPERIMENT 8 IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF CSMA-CD PROTOCOL... 89

11.

EXPERIMENT 9IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF CSMA-CA PROTOCOL... 95

12.

EXPERIMENT 10. IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF WIRELESS LAN... 99

13. EXPERIMENT 11. IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING ALGORITHM . 105 14. EXPERIMENT 12.IMPLEMENTATION OF LINK STATE ROUTING ALGORITHM. 111 APPENDIX. 117

15.

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NETWORK LABORATORY & DATA COMMUNICATION


INTRODUCTIONRapid advances in computer & communication technologies have resulted in the increasing merger of these two fields. The lines have blurred among computing,switching & digital transmission equipment; and the same digital techniques are

being used for data, audio & video transmission.Merging & evolving technologies, coupled with increasing demands for efficient &

timely collection, processing & dissemination of information, have led to the development of integrated systems that transmit & process all types of data. These integrated systems are broadly divided as follows - DATA COMMUNICATION dealing with transmission, transmission media, signal decoding, interfacing, data link control & multiplexing - NETWORKING deals with the technology & architecture of communication network - COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS which covers the architecture as wellas analysis of individual protocols at various layers depending on the

hardware & software Network laboratory is designed & developed considering the curriculum offered byAnna University. Trainers offered under network laboratory are designed for students at all level to study and understand all the concepts of data communication, data transfer using serial and parallel ports, Ethernet and wireless LAN with complete protocol understanding and actual hands on with hardware &

software with ease.Network laboratory consists of DCT-03 Data communication trainer kit, LTS-01 LAN / Wireless LAN training system, L-SIM LAN / WLAN protocol simulator and

analyzer software & N-SIM Network simulation software. The DCT-03: Data communication trainer is a unique trainer kit for the development of exercises and theoretical-experimental courses to understand the basic concept and working of modes and protocols in serial and parallel communication. The trainer kit consists of functional blocks for serial and parallel communication system. The trainer kit is highly innovative from a technological as well as an educational point of view. The trainer kit is used as basic unit to examine all the peculiar operating standards of serial and parallel communication system. The only external equipments required are two Computers with serial and parallel communication ports and an Oscilloscope. Utmost care has been laid in the design and quality control of all circuits, to ensure the repeatability of the results of the experiments.

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Data communication is a term referred when the sender and receiver are digital devices, which communicate with each other by means of binary information. Theobjective of this trainer kit is to clear the various aspects of the data

communications which comprise of The information source or sender. The medium for carrying information. The information receiver. The communication protocols, which ensure proper transfer of data. With an increasing demand in information exchange the field of data communication technique is emerging as the only solution, to satisfy the variousneeds of todays communication sector and to achieve very high bandwidth along with highest accuracy. The communication media is shifting from analog signal

transfer towards digital communication. With PC becoming the biggest storage devices in digital form, it becomes themain source and destination for information exchange. With rapid growth in both

the communication technologies as well as computer hardware and softwaretechnologies, these two fields are merged to form a data communication network.

Now the digital data is used for data, voice and image transmission.Depending upon the application the communication link can be of point to point communication between two devices or a multipoint communication between at

least 3 devices and data transfer can be serial or in parallel form. LTS-01 Local area network / wireless local area network trainer system isdesigned to help students understand the basic concepts, modes of operation and protocols involved in networking. The trainer has integrated hardware flow control on panel board for better understanding of different types of LAN topologies involved in networking. The trainer system is provided with windows-based userfriendly software with analysis of protocols, different layers, network and measurement of error rate and throughput. Students can easily do connections in different topologies and can learn actual data transfer either through hardware or through simulated network concept. Facility is provided into system software to introduce errors into packets being sent and analyze the effect of error on different protocols and hence find the effect on through put graph as well. Trainer is supported with help into software window for better understanding of system and

various types of experimentation using this system.This system works into server-client base. For any topology user has to select one server and select the network type whether it is LAN or WLAN. To understand the topology concept user can connect two or more clients to hardware. Depending on the topology selected user will have option to select protocols for the selected topology. Upon selection of protocol user can then create network of connected computers. In any network which is created by user server can send or can communicate with any of the clients however clients can communicate only with

server, no client to client communication is possible.

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Transmitter port protocol & network analysis can be done after communication isover between server and clients. Throughput v/s Packet size graph can be plotted for which at least two file transfers should be carried out. This plot can be printed

to attach in the lab exercise sheet.For the LAN network LAN cards must be installed prior to start work on this trainer. For wire less LAN USB ports should be available on the computers which are to be used for experimentation. In WLAN wireless access cards gets connected to computer USB ports and access point gets connected to hardware

device.L-SIM LAN Protocol Simulator & Analyzer Software is designed to teach the basic concepts, topologies & various protocols involved in networking. The software is provided with analysis of protocols, different layers, network and measurement of error rate and throughput. Facility is provided to introduce errors into packets being sent and analyze the effect of error on different protocols and hence find the effect on throughput graph as well. Software is supported with neat operating

instruction manual and online help. N-SIM Network simulation software is developed to provide basic understanding and implementation of various advanced concepts in networking. The software provides an opportunity to understand network fundamentals through animations & simulations. The simulation provides for network experimentation with various LAN and WAN protocols, network devices, routers, encryption, decryption, file transfer, error insertion and analysis of error rate and throughput etc. This software covers Ethernet LAN, wireless LAN and router. All networking theory is explained using simulation and animation. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: PC: Pentium or higher One LAN card onboard or on PCI slot with 10/100Mbps speed. 128MB RAM 500MB free space on Hard drive CD ROM drive Serial port, LPT port & USB port installed on system Operating System: Windows 2000 or higher

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HYPER LINK SETTINGS1. Switch ON the PC, go to START MENU ACCESSORIES COMMUNICATION TERMINAL. PROGRAMS then Click on HYPER

NOTE: If HYPER TERMINAL is not available at the above path then follow the procedure ahead to add hyper terminal link. Go to START MENU SETTINGS control panel Add/Remove programs windows setup double click on communications select Hyper terminal, click OK and follow the procedure below. 2. A new Window will open, where in you Double Click on HYPERTERM, Two Windows will open, one at the background and another (small window) with title Connection Description which will be Active.

3.

Enter the name in the box by which you would like to store your connection, for e.g. (PC2PC), and Click OK. Also you could select the Icon provided below. The background window title will change to the name provided by you.

4.

Then specify connect using: by selecting Direct to COM1 or port where your cable is connected and then click on OK.

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(NOTE: Please check the Port you have selected and the Ports you are connecting). 5. Now Window with Title COM 1 Properties will appear where Port Setting should be done as shown above and click on OK. BITS PER SECOND Data Bits Parity None Stop Bits Flow Control UP TO 115200 8 1 Xon / Xoff

(NOTE: For Bits Per Second setting you could select them for different speeds from 110bps to115200 bps).6. After the above settings you click ok. the background window will become

7. 8.9.

active. Click on file, save as, and save it in the directory, which you want. Perform the same procedure (from 1 to 8.) on another pc.To start communicating between the two PCs click on the transfer menu and again click on send file. A window will be prompted having title send

file with file name and protocol.

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10.

11.

Select browse for the file, which you would like to send to the pc connected, select the file and click on open, the file name and address will be displayed in the small window. Then select the protocol, (optional use protocols are x modem, y modem and 1k xmodem, etc.) To receive the file on the pc click on the transfer menu and again click on receive file. a window will be prompted having title receive file with location at which you want to store the received file and receiving protocol.

12.

Select browse for the location where you would like to store the receivedfile, select the folder and click ok, the folder name and address will be displayed in the small window. Protocol to be selected should be same as

kept at transmitting pc.13. On the pc from which the selected file to be transmitted, click on send. a window will open showing file transfer status. Immediately at the receiving pc click receive (otherwise time out error will be displayed and communication will fail). you will see a window showing file is being

received in the form of packets.

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14.

After file is transferred both the windows in the (transmitting & receivingPCs) will close. Check for the received file in the folder where the file is

15.

stored. You can select any pc as transmitter or receiver & follow the above procedure to transfer the file.

NOTE: To change the bits per second rate (baud rate) go to properties in the hyper terminal window, click on file menu, properties and configure, in the bits per second select other rates. From 2400 to 115200 bps. You will observe that the rate at which the file is transferred will vary with the selected baud rate. Also you can observe and check that by removing fiber from detector packet increment and file transfer stops. Also ensure that at the left corner of the hyper terminal window connected time must be on, if disconnected label is there go to call option and press call. NOTE: If HyperTerminal is not installed in your computer then, on PC Go to My Computer Control Panel, Add Remove Programs, Windows Setup, Communication, Check Hyper Terminal and Click OK

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WIRELESS USB ADAPTER DRIVER INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLING WIRELESS USB ADAPTER DRIVER: 1. Insert the driver CD for Wireless USB Adapter. It auto runs and will open the following screen.

2.

Click Install Driver.

3.

Click Next to continue.

-8-



4.

Setup will install in the by default folder. To install to this by default folder, click Next. To install to a different folder, click Browse and select another folder.

5.

Setup will add program icons to the Program Folder listed. Type a new folder name, or select one from the existing folders list. Click Next to continue.

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6.

The Install Shield Wizard has successfully installed the software. Before using the program, the computer must be restarted.

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EXPERIMENT 1PC TO PC COMMUNICATION

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PC1L SERIACA BLE

CN3 CO P ORT M RS2 32 TRANSRECEIVER COMP ORT TD1 RD2 RS 2 32 TRANSERECIV R E

CN4 LC CO MP ORT SERIA ABLE

PC2

COMP ORT


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RD1 OFF RTS1 CTS1 SW4 ON

TD 2 OFF CT S2 RTS2 SF 1 ON


K M R F OLS BLOCD I GR FOSTU DYO PR OTOCIN S R ALC OM UNIC TI N. AA E I M A O


EXPERIMENT 1:OBJECTIVE: To study Serial communication using RS 232C and Parallel Communication using 8 bit parallel cable. EQUIPMENTS: DCT-03. 9 Pin D connector Cables 2 Nos. 25 Pin D connector Cables 2 Nos. Computers PC - 2 nos. Connecting Chords. Power Supply. PROCEDURE: SERIAL COMMUNICATION: 1. Connect the power supply with proper polarity to the kit DCT-03 and while connecting, ensure that it is off. 2. Keep all switch fault switches in off position. 3. Refer to the fig. and carry out the following connections and settings. 4. Connect 9 pin D connector cable between one computer com port and CN3 connector on DCT-03 kit and second 9 pin D connector cable between another computer com port and CN4 connector on DCT-03 kit. 5. Connect the TD1 post to RD2 post. 6. Connect the RD1 post to TD2 post. 7. Keep the switch setting of SW4 towards ON position as shown in figure. 8. Switch ON the power supply and both the computers. 9. Run DCT-03 software and select Serial Communication Software link on both PCs.

10. 11. 12.

Select your computer operating system, this will provide link to hyper terminal software. Refer Hyperlink settings. Once the connection to hyperlink is established you can type in one of the computers window and can see typed text on another computers window. To do file transfer select a file transfer protocol using hyper link on both PCs.

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13.

Put the flow control on XON / XOFF & repeat the procedure of file transfer for the X-MODEM, Y-MODEM, Z-MODEM, KERMIT protocol.

14.

Select the receiving file save location and the same protocol as selected in

transmitter.

15.

Click on file transfer button you will see progress of file transfer.

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16. 17.18. 19.

You will see progress of file receiving in the receiver. Variations in LED indications of respective ports can be observed while file is being transmitted from one computer to another.For observation of ASCII equivalent of keyboard data transmitted connect

the TD1 post to DATA IN post.From the hyper terminal window of PC1 type any character and observe its

ASCII equivalent on 8-bit LED display. SWITCH FAULTS:NOTE: Keep the connections as per the procedure. Now switch ON

corresponding fault switch button to ON position & observe the different effects on the output. The faults are normally used one at a time. 1. Put switch 1 of SF1 in Switch Fault section to ON position. This will open pin no. 5 of U8A [CD4082], hence the clock Q3 will be absent at the i/p of U8. Pin no. 5 will always remain high and the count will change, resulting change in latched ASCII data. It will show only a part of the 8 bit data, or will not accept new data, during character transfer on Hyper window.

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OFF C3 C0 C1 C2ON S3 S5 S6 S7 CONTR OL PO RT SW 1D0 ON D1 D2 D0 F OF D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

PC1

T LP POR T STATUS POR T

T LPPOR T

PC

2


- 16 LL EL PAPORT RA CABL E

DATA POR TD6 D7

SW OF F S3 S5 S6ONC0 C1 C2 C3 S7 STATUS POR T SW 3 CO NTRO L POR T

2

DATA PO RT

LL EL PAPORT RA CABL E

PC sw 6

PR N


FSTU

DY OFD A T

A

L COMMUNICATI ONU SI NGP ARALLEP ORT.


PARALLEL COMMUNICATION: 1.2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

Carry out the following connections and settings as shown in the diagram. Keep all switch fault switches in off position. Keep switch SW6 in PC mode. Connect LPT/parallel port of one PC to connector CN1 on left hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Similarly connect LPT/parallel port of another PC to connector CN2 on right hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Keep the switch settings for SW1, SW2 & SW3 in ON position as shown. Switch ON the power supply. Run DCT software and select Parallel Communication Software link on both PCs.

8.

9.

10.

Clicking on Port Setting will show you three ports (i.e. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3), select the port from the user machine through which the data transfer has to occur. For example Clicking on LPT1 will set the LPT1 as the active port on the machine for the data transfer. Please ensure that the selected ports are in bi-directional mode, this can be checked from the BIOS settings of the computer. Clicking on Protocols will show you three protocols namely Stop and WaitProtocol, Go Back N Protocol and Selective Repeat protocol. Select Same

protocol on both PC. Screen similar to one given below will appear.

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11. 12.

Select one PC in transmit mode and another PC in receive mode. Select the file to be sent from the transmitter computer, the screen shownbelow will appear at transmitter side, with details of file selected number of

13.14.

packets formed using 128 byte per packet size. Inter packet delay can be varied from 5 ms to 100 ms.Window size for Go back N & Selective Repeat protocols can be selected

15.

from 3, 5, 7. Packets to be sent are shown with blue colour.

16.

Click on Transmit file button.

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17. 18.

On the remote PC click on receive file button. Status of file transfer will be indicated on screen with different colour codingdepending on the status of packet whether it is sent & acknowledged, sent

but not acknowledged, bad packet error in packet.19. After the user has selected the file. The PC shows the No of Packets and Size of the file in the boxes on the top. The Packets with their packet

sequence is also shown.20. Once the transfer starts and the client computer acknowledges the packets it sends the signal back to the transmitting PC. Any acknowledge positive or negative with their packet sequence is displayed below the Current

Packet No.21. Any positive acknowledge received is displayed as ACK(0) and any negative acknowledge is displayed as NACK(0) along with their packet

sequence in brackets.22. 23. 24. 25. Once the packet has been acknowledged and signal shown the next

packet is transmitted and so on till the whole file gets transmitted.On the right hand top shows frame info. The frame info consists of different

color packets. Each color specifies different status of the packet.Observe the effect on file transfer by introducing error in data bits use

switch SW2 to introduce error for a moment.Once the file transfer gets complete you will be prompted by file transfer

successful at transmitter.

26.

At the receiver a selection window will popup to indicate location for the

received file to be saved.- 19 NETWORK LABORATORY & DATA COMMUNICATION


27.28. 29.

Verify the received file with transmitted file, this shows end of file transfer with success.The receiving packets can be discarded or killed by clicking the Discard

button.Any acknowledge that is transmitted back can be also made to lost by just clicking Lost button. Thus the Transmitter side will not receive any

acknowledge.30. 31. The third button NACK/LOST can be clicked to discard and to lose any

acknowledge sending back to the Transmitter simultaneously.Similarly other Parallel port file transfer protocols can be studied with the

effects of fault in packets.

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EXPERIMENT 2STUDY OF STOP & WAIT PROTOCOL

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OF F C3 C0 C1 C2ON S3 S5 S6 S7 CO NTRO L POR T SW1D0 ON D1 D2 D0 F OF D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

PC1

LPT POR T

STATUS POR T

T LPPOR T

PC

2


- 22 LLEL PAPO RT RA CABL E

DATA POR TD6 D7

SW OFF S3 S5 S6ON C0 C1 C2 C3 S7 STATUS POR T SW3 CONT RO L POR T

2

DATA POR T

LLEL PAPORT RA CABL E

PC sw 6

PRN


FS TU

DY OFD A T

A

N G L COMMUNICATIO U SINP AR ALLEP ORT.


EXPERIMENT 2:OBJECTIVE: To study Stop & Wait protocol using parallel port & LAN port interface. A. USING PARALLEL PORT:

EQUIPMENTS: DCT-03 trainer kit. 25 Pin D connector Cables 2 Nos. 2 Computers with win-2K / XP. Connecting Chords. Power Supply. PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

10.

Carry out the following connections and settings as shown in the diagram. Keep all switch fault switches in off position. Keep switch SW6 in PC mode. Connect LPT/parallel port of one PC to connector CN1 on left hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Similarly connect LPT/parallel port of another PC to connector CN2 on right hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Keep the switch settings for SW1, SW2 & SW3 in ON position as shown. Switch ON the power supply. Run DCT software and select Parallel Communication Software link on both PCs. Clicking on Port Setting will show you three ports (i.e. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3), select the port from the user machine through which the data transfer has to occur. For example Clicking on LPT1 will set the LPT1 as the active port on the machine for the data transfer. Please ensure that the selected ports are in bi-directional mode, this can be checked from the BIOS settings of the computer. Clicking on Protocols will show you three protocols namely Stop and WaitProtocol, Go Back N Protocol and Selective Repeat protocol. Select Stop

11.

and Wait protocol on both PC. Select one PC in transmit mode and another PC in receive mode.

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12.

Select the file to be sent from the transmitter computer, the screen shownbelow will appear at transmitter side, with details of file selected number of

13.

packets formed using 128 byte per packet size. Inter packet delay can be varied from 5 ms to 100 ms.

14. 15.

Packets to be sent are shown with blue colour. Click on Transmit file button.

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16. 17.

On the remote PC click on receive file button. Status of file transfer will be indicated on screen with different colour codingdepending on the status of packet whether it is sent & acknowledged, sent

but not acknowledged, bad packet error in packet.18. After the user has selected the file. The PC shows the No of Packets and Size of the file in the boxes on the top. The Packets with their packet

sequence is also shown.

Acknowledged packet at receiver19. Once the transfer starts and the client computer acknowledges the packets it sends the signal back to the transmitting PC. Any acknowledge positive or negative with their packet sequence is displayed below the Current

Packet No.

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20.

Any positive acknowledge received is displayed as ACK(0) and anynegative acknowledge is displayed as NACK(0) along with their packet

sequence in brackets.21. 22. 23. Once the packet has been acknowledged and signal shown the next



switch SW2 to introduce error for a moment.

Negative acknowledged packet at receiver

Transmitter retransmits negative acknowledged packet

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Another negative acknowledged packet in receiver

Transmitter indicating time out when acknowledgement not reaching

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SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3

Connection of computers for STAR topology

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24.25. 26. 27. 28.

Once the file transfer gets complete you will be prompted by file transfer successful at transmitter.At the receiver a selection window will popup to indicate location for the

received file to be saved.Verify the received file with transmitted file, this shows end of file transfer

with success.The receiving packets can be discarded or killed by clicking the Discard


acknowledge.29. The third button NACK/LOST can be clicked to discard and to lose any

acknowledge sending back to the Transmitter simultaneously. B. USING LAN PORT:

EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit. 2 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables. L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

Connect 2 computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as Stop & Wait click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK.

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9.

Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers.

10. 11.

Same details of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file.

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Transmission started screen in transmitter

Transmission started screen in receiver 12.13.

During file transfer process you can insert errors into data packets being transmitted through software window.See the effect of Bad packet error, Packet negative acknowledgment error

or auto errors on file transfer.

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14.

Select BAD PACKET error and click on Generate button in the transmitter window when say 7th packet is in the transmission state.

15.

You will see that 7th packet in the receiver window will be marked as bad

packet.

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16.

7th packet will be retransmitted from transmitter.

17.

Retransmitted 7th packet will be received correctly this time.

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18.

Select ACK LOST error and click on Generate button in the transmitter window when say 23rd packet is in the transmission state.

19.

You will see that 23rd packet in the receiver window will be marked as

unacknowledged.

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20.

23rd packet will be retransmitted from transmitter.

21. Retransmitted

23rd packet will be received correctly this time.

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22.

Select AUTO ERROR and click on Generate button in the transmitterwindow at any packet is in the transmission state, errors are generated at random intervals and no other error insertion facility will be available to

user.

23. 24.25.

Status of packets received when auto error is selected. File transfer from one computer to another will take place.Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should be performed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter

computer.26. Close file transfer window and click on protocol analyzer and Network

27. 28.

analyzer buttons on transmitter computer to view details of the log created. Under Network analyzer window click on Graph analyzer button. Calculate throughput and click on Plot graph button.

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29. 30.

Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity wil appear on graph window. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

Graph for Stop & Wait protocol without any packet errors

Graph for Stop & Wait protocol with one ACK lost packet error

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- 38 -



EXPERIMENT 3STUDY OF GO BACK N PROTOCOL

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PC1

LPT POR T

STATUS POR T

T LPPOR T

PC

2



DATA POR TD6 D7


2

DATA POR T


PC sw 6

PRN


FS TU

DY OFD A T

A



EXPERIMENT 3:OBJECTIVE: To study Go Back N protocol using parallel port & LAN port interface. A. USING PARALLEL PORT:


5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

10.

Carry out the following connections and settings as shown in the diagram. Keep all switch fault switches in off position. Keep switch SW6 in PC mode. Connect LPT/parallel port of one PC to connector CN1 on left hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Similarly connect LPT/parallel port of another PC to connector CN2 on right hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Keep the switch settings for SW1, SW2 & SW3 in ON position as shown. Switch ON the power supply. Run DCT software and select Parallel Communication Software link on both PCs. Clicking on Port Setting will show you three ports (i.e. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3), select the port from the user machine through which the data transfer has to occur. For example Clicking on LPT1 will set the LPT1 as the active port on the machine for the data transfer. Please ensure that the selected ports are in bi-directional mode, this can be checked from the BIOS settings of the computer. Clicking on Protocols will show you three protocols namely Stop and WaitProtocol, Go Back N Protocol and Selective Repeat protocol. Select Go

11.12.

Back N protocol on both PC. Select one PC in transmit mode and another PC in receive mode.Select the file to be sent from the transmitter computer, the screen will shown details of file selected number of packets formed using 128 byte per

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.18.

packet size. Inter packet delay can be varied from 5 ms to 100 ms. Window size can be selected from 3, 5, 7. Packets to be sent are shown with blue colour. Click on Transmit file button. On the remote PC click on receive file button.Status of file transfer will be indicated on screen with different colour coding depending on the status of packet whether it is sent & acknowledged, sent

but not acknowledged, bad packet error in packet.

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19.

After the user has selected the file. The PC shows the No of Packets andSize of the file in the boxes on the top. The Packets with their packet


20.

Once the transfer starts and the client computer acknowledges the packets it sends the signal back to the transmitting PC. Any acknowledge positive or negative with their packet sequence is displayed below the Current

Packet No.

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21.

Any positive acknowledge received is displayed as ACK(0) and anynegative acknowledge is displayed as NACK(0) along with their packet

sequence in brackets.

22. 23. 24. 25.

Once the packet has been acknowledged and signal shown the next

packet is transmitted and so on till the whole file gets transmitted.If negative acknowledgement is received that particular packet out of the

window is retransmitted.On the right hand top shows frame info. The frame info consists of different


switch SW2 to introduce error for a moment.

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SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3


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26.27. 28. 29. 30.

Once the file transfer gets complete you will be prompted by file transfer successful at transmitter.At the receiver a selection window will popup to indicate location for the





acknowledge sending back to the Transmitter simultaneously. B. USING LAN PORT:

EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit. 2 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them. RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables. L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

Connect 3 or more computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as Go Back N click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay, window size and click OK.



9.


10. 11.


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Transmission started screen in transmitter clearly show window size of 3 with 3 packets are transmitted at a time


During file transfer process you can insert errors into data packets being transmitted through software window.See the effect of Bad packet error, Packet negative acknowledgment error or auto errors on file transfer; observe carefully which packet/packets are

transmitted.

- 47 -



14.

Select BAD PACKET error and click on Generate button in the transmitter window when say 15th packet is in the transmission state.

15.

You will see that 15th packet in the receiver window will be marked as bad

packet.

- 48 -



16.

15th, 16th & 17th packets will be retransmitted from transmitter.

17. Retransmitted 15th, 16th & 17th packets will be received correctly this time, receiver will discard 16th & 17th packets and only 15th packet is accepted.

- 49 -



18.

Select ACK LOST error and click on Generate button in the transmitter window when say 21st packet is in the transmission state.

19.

You will see that 21st packet in the receiver window will be marked as

unacknowledged.

- 50 -



20.

21st, 22nd & 23rd packets will be retransmitted from transmitter.

21.

Retransmitted 21st, 22nd & 23rd packets will be received and discarded by receiver as they were received correctly earlier.

- 51 -



22.


user.

23. 24.25.

Status of packets received when auto error is selected. File transfer from one computer to another will take place.Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should be performed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter


27. 28.

analyzer buttons on transmitter computer to view details of the log created. Under Network analyzer window click on Graph analyzer button. Calculate throughput and click on Plot graph button.- 52 -



29.

Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity will appear on graph window.

Graph for Go Back N protocol without any packet errors 30. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

- 53 -



- 54 -



EXPERIMENT 4STUDY OF SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL

- 55 -




PC1

LPT POR T

STATUS POR T

T LPPOR T

PC

2



DATA POR TD6 D7


2

DATA POR T


PC sw 6

PRN


FS TU

DY OFD A T

A



EXPERIMENT 4:OBJECTIVE: To study Selective Repeat protocol using parallel port & LAN port interface. A. USING PARALLEL PORT:


5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

10.

Carry out the following connections and settings as shown in the diagram. Keep all switch fault switches in off position. Keep switch SW6 in PC mode. Connect LPT/parallel port of one PC to connector CN1 on left hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Similarly connect LPT/parallel port of another PC to connector CN2 on right hand side on DCT-03 kit using 25-25 pin D type cable. Keep the switch settings for SW1, SW2 & SW3 in ON position as shown. Switch ON the power supply. Run DCT software and select Parallel Communication Software link on both PCs. Clicking on Port Setting will show you three ports (i.e. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3), select the port from the user machine through which the data transfer has to occur. For example Clicking on LPT1 will set the LPT1 as the active port on the machine for the data transfer. Please ensure that the selected ports are in bi-directional mode, this can be checked from the BIOS settings of the computer. Clicking on Protocols will show you three protocols namely Stop and WaitProtocol, Go Back N Protocol and Selective Repeat protocol. Select

11.12.

Selective Repeat protocol on both PC. Select one PC in transmit mode and another PC in receive mode.Select the file to be sent from the transmitter computer, the screen will show with details of file selected number of packets formed using 128 byte

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.18.

per packet size. Inter packet delay can be varied from 5 ms to 100 ms. Window size can be selected from 3, 5, 7. Packets to be sent are shown with blue colour. Click on Transmit file button. On the remote PC click on receive file button.Status of file transfer will be indicated on screen with different colour coding depending on the status of packet whether it is sent & acknowledged, sent

but not acknowledged, bad packet error in packet.

- 57 -



19.

After the user has selected the file. The PC shows the No of Packets andSize of the file in the boxes on the top. The Packets with their packet


20.

Once the transfer starts and the client computer acknowledges the packets it sends the signal back to the transmitting PC. Any acknowledge positive or negative with their packet sequence is displayed below the Current

Packet No.

21.

Any positive acknowledge received is displayed as ACK(0) and any negative acknowledge is displayed as NACK(0) along with their packet

sequence in brackets.

- 58 -



22.

If any packet is negative acknowledged it will be transmitted along withnext packets in that window. It includes packets already transmitted and

gets retransmitted.23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Once the packet has been acknowledged and signal shown the next



switch SW2 to introduce error for a moment.Once the file transfer gets complete you will be prompted by file transfer

successful at transmitter.At the receiver a selection window will popup to indicate location for the





acknowledge sending back to the Transmitter simultaneously.

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SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3


- 60 -



B.

USING LAN PORT:

EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit. 2 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them. RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables. L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8.

Connect 3 or more computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as Selective Repeat click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay, window size and click OK.

9.


- 61 -



10. 11.


Transmission started screen in transmitter clearly show window size of 3 with 3 packets are transmitted at a time

- 62 -




During file transfer process you can insert errors into data packets being transmitted through software window.See the effect of Bad packet error, Packet negative acknowledgment error or auto errors on file transfer; observe carefully which packet/packets are

transmitted.

14.

Select BAD PACKET error and click on Generate button in the transmitter

window when say 13th packet is in the transmission state.

- 63 -



15.

You will see that 13th packet in the receiver window will be marked as bad packet.

16.


- 64 -



17. Retransmitted

13th packet will be received correctly this time.

18.

Select ACK LOST error and click on Generate button in the transmitter window when say 26th packet is in the transmission state.

- 65 -



19.

You will see that 26th packet in the receiver window will be marked as unacknowledged.

20.


- 66 -



21. Retransmitted 26th packet will be received and discarded by receiver as it was received correctly earlier.

22.


user.

- 67 -



23. 24. 25.

Status of packets received when auto error is selected. File transfer from one computer to another will take place. Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should beperformed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter


27. 28. 29.

analyzer buttons on transmitter computer to view details of the log created. Under Network analyzer window click on Graph analyzer button. Calculate throughput and click on Plot graph button. Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity will appear on graph window.

Graph for Selective Repeat protocol without any packet errors 30. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

- 68 -



EXPERIMENT 5STUDY OF SOCKET PROCESSING

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SERVER

CLIENT

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

Connection of computers for TCP socket programming

- 70 -



EXPERIMENT 5:OBJECTIVE: Study of socket processing. EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit 2 Computers with win-2K / XP and Visual C++ installed and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables PROCEDURE: 1. Connect 2 computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. 2. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. 3. Run VC++ editor on both the computers. 4. Create dialog based application, for Server on any of the PC in VC++ 5. Create dialog based application, for Client on other PC in VC++ 6. TCP Test Server.exe, TCP Test Client.exe, server.h, server.cpp, client.h & client.cpp files will be stored in the directory program files LSIM SampleApplication.zip. 7. After extracting the said zip files all these files can be used for socket programming. 8. Copy the server.h & server.cpp files in server workspace on first PC. 9. Copy the client.h & client.cpp files in Client workspace on second computer. 10. server.h file contain following functions: CreateSocket (int portNumber); ListenSocket(); SendMessage(CString strMessage); SendFile(CString strFilePath); ReceiveFile(); CloseConnection(); Error() ; 11. client.h file contain following functions: CreateSocket(); Connection (CString IPAddressOfServer ,int portNumber); SendMessage (CString strMessage) SendFile (CString strFilePath); ReceiveFile(); CloseConnection(); Error() ; 12. 13. Create an Object of Server class as : Server objServer Create an Object of Client class as : Client objClient

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14.15.

Call the CreateSocket() , ListenSocket() function for the Server object pass the port number for server.Call the CreateSocket() , Connection() function for the Client object , in the connection function pass the IP address of the server and port number

given at server.16. 17. 18. 19. 20. After the connection call the SendMessage () function from Server or Client

object. Pass the message to send as parameter.To Send a File call the SendFile() function from Server or Client and pass

the absolute path of the File to send .CloseConnection () function can be called from server or client object to

close the connection.Thus students can use these functions to do the socket processing for

TCP.Students can create their own GUI and can define their own parameters

21.22.

after making use of the given classes and prove their programming skills. Thus socket processing can be carried out.To see the functionality with sample executables use TCP Test Server.exe

& TCP Test Client.exe on two different computers.

23.

Run TCP Test Server.exe on one of the computer and pass port number.

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24. 25.

Run TCP Test Client.exe on other computer and pass IP address of server computer and port number provided at server. Check the functionality by sending message and / or files.

Note: To see the code of specific function, open the server.cpp or client.cpp file & then check the code of the function.

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- 74 -



EXPERIMENT 6STYDY OF DATA ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION

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\



SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3


- 76 -



EXPERIMENT 6:OBJECTIVE: Study of data encryption and decryption. EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit 2 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8. 9.

10. 11.

Connect at least two computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on both the computers, one should be server and another should be client. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR and select protocol as Stop & Wait and click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see client and client will be able to see server. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted, if notepad text file is selected encryption information can be viewed very clearly for each packet formed for that file. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK. Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, same details of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file. Click on pause button to interrupt file transfer and click on encrypt/decrypt button to see file packet encrypted and decrypted.

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12.

You will see actual file selected packet content and encrypted data content in encryption details window.

13.

You can type any text at the bottom box, which you want to encrypt and provide key text for encryption. Similarly same key can be typed again to decrypt and recover encrypted text. If the key at decryption stage differ from key at encryption stage, decrypted data will not be perfect as per

original data.

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14.

To understand the working of how encryption took place you can view visual explanation of encryption and decryption process by clicking on visual help button.

15. 16.17.

Visual help showing decryption procedure. You can resume file transfer by clicking on continue button.Encrypted format of each packet can thus be seen by pausing the file

18. 19.

transfer at respective packet when it is under transmission state. File transfer from one computer to another will take place. To study programming of Cryptography with Encryption and Decryptionprocess sample executable file & program is provided inside program files

Lsim SampleApplication.zip.20. When user extracts this folder he will find cryptography folder inside which

cryptography.cpp & cryptography.exe files are provided.

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21.

If user runs the cryptography.exe file screen with browse option for selection of file to be encrypted and enter key for encryption option will get open for user to select the file and enter encryption key.

22.

When user clicks on Encrypt button a message with Encryption completedwill popup. Encrypted file will be stored at the same location from where file

for encryption is selected.

23.

User has to select file to be decrypted and enter decryption key.

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24.

When user clicks on Decrypt button a message with Decryption completedwill popup. Decrypted file will be stored at the same location from where file

25. 26.

for decryption is selected. To verify encryption and decrypted files user has to close the cryptography.exe file. Actual programming can be checked from cryptography.cpp program.

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- 82 -



EXPERIMENT 7STUDY OF TOKEN BUS AND TOKEN RING PROTOCOL

- 83 -




S RVER E

C I N 1 L ET

C I N 2 L ET

C I N 3 L ET

C I N 4 L ET


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PO RT1

PO RT2

PO RT3

PO RT4

PO RT5


Connection of computers for BUS t

o polog y


EXPERIMENT 7:OBJECTIVE: To study token bus and token ring protocol EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit 4 or more Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: A. 1. 2. 3. 4. TOKEN BUS: Connect four or more computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 bus topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be client. Run the software in the sequence of connection i.e. server first followed by first client to last client. On the server computer select type of network as LAN.

5.

6.

7.

On the server computer select the topology as BUS, select protocol as Token Bus and select token activation time as desired, click on create network button. To just observe how token passes from one computer to another computer and effect of token time keep token duration from 5 to 40 seconds and to do actual file transfer keep token duration as 50 or 60 seconds. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server.

- 85 -



SERVER

CLIENT-1

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-4

PORT-3

CLIENT-2

Connection of computers for RING topology

- 86 -



8.

9.

10.

11. 12.13.

Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK. Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, same details of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file. File transfer from one computer to another will take place.Remove connection of last client and see the effect on file transfer or token transfer. You will find that token will process till the client who is connected

14.

in network. Remove connection of client which is in between the server and last client and see the effect on file transfer or token transfer. You will find that token will process till the client who is connected in network from client and will not process from the client got disconnected from network. TOKEN RING: Connect four computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 ring topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and other 3 should be client. Run the software in the sequence of connection i.e. server first followed by first client to last client. On the server computer select type of network as LAN.

B. 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

On the server computer select the topology as RING, select protocol as Token Ring and select token activation time as desired, click on create network button.

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6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

To just observe how token passes from one computer to another computer and effect of token time keep token duration from 5 to 40 seconds and to do actual file transfer keep token duration as 50 or 60 seconds. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK. Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, samedetails of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be

11. 12. 13.

transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file. File transfer from one computer to another will take place. To see the effect of ring break state remove any of the client from thehardware and close L-SIM window for that client. Ring broken message will be prompted on server computer and network will get destroyed, you need to reconfigure the network. Since the network is created with logical ring

physical removal of computer from hardware will be detected when tokencompletes its cycle and reaches to the client whose connection is removed, hence it will take some time to show disconnection of computer in case of

unplugging of computer.

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EXPERIMENT 8IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF CSMA-CD PROTOCOL

- 89 -





SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3


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EXPERIMENT 8:OBJECTIVE: Implementation and study of CSMA-CD protocol. EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit 3 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7.

8. 9.

10. 11.

Connect 3 or more computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as CSMA-CD click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Select the server computer to whom data file is to be transferred from one of the client computer; from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK. Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, same details of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file. During file transfer process try to send file to server from another client computer, file transfer from second transmitter will also gets initiated.

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12.

When packet from second sender collides with first sender it will be indicated as collision packet on server & Client-1.

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13.

File from first sender will resume after some time and second sender file will be kept on hold till first file transfer gets completed.

14. 15.

Once the first sender file reached to server its display is refreshed and

server will show packet status for second sender.Second sender file transfer will also get completed and thus collision of two packets transmitted simultaneously from two senders is detected and

cleared.16. Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should be performed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter


18.

analyzer buttons on transmitter computer to view details of the log created. Under Network analyzer window click on Graph analyzer button.

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19.

Calculate throughput and click on Plot graph button.

Graph for CSMA-CD protocol 20. 21. Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity will appear on graph window. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

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EXPERIMENT 9IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF CSMA-CA PROTOCOL

- 95 -




SERVER

CLIENT-1

CLIENT-2

PORT-1

PORT-2

PORT-3

SWITCH

PORT-6

PORT-5

PORT-4

CLIENT-5

CLIENT-4

CLIENT-3


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EXPERIMENT 9:OBJECTIVE: Implementation and study of CSMA-CA protocol. EQUIPMENTS: LTS-01 trainer kit 3 Computers with win-2K / XP and Ethernet port available on them RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

9.

10.

11.

Connect 3 or more computer LAN ports using RJ-45 to RJ-45 LAN connecting cables provided with the system to LTS-01 star topology ports. Switch on the LTS-01 & Computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients. On the server computer select type of network as LAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as CSMA-CA click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Click on the Send RTS button to get your computer into transmitter mode. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the load button, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK. Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, same details of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file.

12.

During file transfer process try to get access to transmit file by clicking on

Send RTS button on other computers, you will be prompted with channel is busy message.

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13. 14.15.

Thus collision of two packets transmitted simultaneously from two senders is avoided. File transfer from one computer to another will take place.Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should be performed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter


17. 18.


Graph for CSMA-CA protocol19. Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity

20.

will appear on graph window. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

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EXPERIMENT 10IMPLEMENTATION AND STUDY OF WIRELESS LAN

- 99 -




SERVER

CLIENT-1

ACCESS CARD

ACCESS CARD

ACCESS POINT

CLIENT-3

ACCESS CARD

ACCESS CARD

CLIENT-2

Connection of computers for Wireless LAN

- 100 -



EXPERIMENT 10:OBJECTIVE: Implementation and study of Wireless LAN. EQUIPMENTS: 3 or 4 Computers with win-2K / XP Access point with accessories Wireless LAN Access cards with USB driver installed on respective computers L-SIM LAN protocol analyzer and simulator software PROCEDURE: 1.2. 3. 4.

5.

Connect Access point to power outlet and switch it on. Connect USB wireless access cards to computer USB ports and check for driver installed on respective computers. See appendix for installation guide of LAN access cards. You will find wireless LAN detection on your computers, Assign IP address to the detected wireless LAN and connect it. Connection of wireless LAN will be indicated on your computers. Run L-SIM software on all the computers, one should be server and others should be clients.

6. 7. 8.

9.

10.

On the server computer select type of network as WLAN. On the server computer select the topology as STAR, select protocol as CSMA-CA click on create network button. Remote computer details will appear on the computers connected in network, server will be able to see all clients and all clients will be able to see only server. Click on the Send RTS button to get your computer into transmitter mode. Select the computer to whom data file is to be transferred, from the loadbutton, previously stored/selected file information can be loaded or you can

11.

select any file, which is to be transmitted. File size will appear in the software window, select the packet size, inter packet delay and click OK.

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12.

Total packets formed for that file will be indicated on computers, samedetails of file will appear on remote computer to which file is to be

13.

transmitted. Click on file transfer button to transfer file.

14. 15.

During file transfer process try to get access to transmit file by clicking on

Send RTS button, you will be prompted with channel is busy message.Thus collision of two packets transmitted simultaneously from two senders

is avoided.

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16. 17.

File transfer from one computer to another will take place. Multiple file transfer between various server-client combinations should beperformed to observe throughput v/s packet size graph on transmitter


19. 20.


21.

Detailed graph of throughput v/s packet size for the total file transfer activity

22.

will appear on graph window. This plot can be printed by clicking on print button.

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- 104 -



EXPERIMENT 11111IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING ALGORITHM

- 105 -



- 106 -



EXPERIMENT 11:OBJECTIVE: Implementation of distance vector routing algorithm. EQUIPMENTS: N-SIM Computer with win-2K / XP PROCEDURE: 1. Run N-SIM software from your computer. 2. To check working of distance vector routing algorithm in the form of animated representation click on distance vector routing under routing protocols.

3. 4.

You can study the working of distance vector routing algorithm through this animated movie. To implement this algorithm click on algorithms under menu and click on distance vector routing.

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5.

Add the number of routers you want to, select one by one, maximum 8 routers can be added, all the added routers will appear in the window.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Click configure button to define the links between pair of routers and define its cost in kilometers. Once all the possible pairs have been defined click save button to save the configuration defined by you. Depending on the configuration you will see all the possible links defined by you are implemented and drawn in the screen near the routers added. You can edit the configuration at any time by clicking on the value of the router number or cost.

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10.

To simulate and find out shortest path select the source and destination routers.

11.

Click on simulate button to start the algorithm, this will calculate the

shortest path and will be shown on the screen.

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12. 13.

Click on the result button to see the parameters for shortest path. Click on graph button to plot the readings against the various parameters.

- 110 -



EXPERIMENT 12IMPLEMENTATION OF LINK STATE ROUTING ALGORITHM

- 111 -



- 112 -



EXPERIMENT 12:OBJECTIVE: Implementation of link state routing algorithm. EQUIPMENTS: N-SIM Computer with win-2K / XP PROCEDURE: 1. Run N-SIM software from your computer. 2. To check working of state routing algorithm in the form of animated representation click on state routing under routing protocols.

3. 4.

You can study the working of state routing algorithm through this animated movie. To implement this algorithm click on algorithms under menu and click on state routing.

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5.

Add the number of routers you want to, select one by one, maximum 8 routers can be added, all the added routers will appear in the window.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Click configure button to define the links between pair of routers and define its cost in kilometers. Once all the possible pairs have been defined click save button to save the configuration defined by you. Depending on the configuration you will see all the possible links defined by you are implemented and drawn in the screen near the routers added. You can edit the configuration at any time by clicking on the value of the router number or cost.

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10.

To simulate and find out shortest path select the source and destination routers.

11.

Click on simulate button to start the algorithm, this will calculate the

shortest path and will be shown on the screen.

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12. 13.

Click on the result button to see the parameters for shortest path. Click on graph button to plot the readings against the various parameters.

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EC2356-LM

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