EbolaChad Schlagel

A growing

threat

Discovery1989 Reston Strain found inmonkeys

1976First outbreak in

Zaire and Sudan

The Disease5 Strains

Zaire

Most deadly (88%)

lethality

Discovered in Zaire

(Democratic

Republic of Congo)

Sudan

50% lethalityDiscovered in Sudan

Reston

Discovered in Reston VirginiaNon-hemorrhagic

BundibugyoDiscovered in 2007

Found in Uganda

Much lower

lethality

Cote D’IvoireIsolated in 1994

One human case

(potentially-lethal)

Found in

chimpanzees

Mononegavirales

Filoviridae

Ebolavirus

Marburgvirus

Rhabdoviridae

Bornaviridae

Paramyxoviridae

The VirusClass V (-ssRNA)

Classification Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebolavirus

From http://students.cis.uab.edu

From the CDC From Global Biodefence

970nm longx

80nm diameter

Proteins

º GP

º VP30

º NP

º VP24

º VP40

º VP35

º L From ViralZone

Genome

NP VP35 VP40 GP VP30 VP24 L

18-19 kb

7 genes

Proteins

º GP

º VP30

º NP

º VP24

º VP40

º VP35

º L From ViralZone

sGP (isoform glycoprotein)- A form of glycoprotein that

is secreted into the extracellular space

- It counteracts antibodies by absorbing them

VP35- Has been shown to block

the IFN-β promoter- Halts the cells defense

mechanism of producing interferon's

VP30- A transcription factor

that jump starts the cell replication machinery

Life Cycle1. Entry

2. Production of mRNA

3. Production of virus proteins

4. Transcription into positive sense RNA

5. Replication of negative sense RNA

6. Movement of VP40 to surface and packaging

7. Maturation

8. Budding

http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/class.html

Infection• Transmitted through body fluids

• Often from contact with wild animals

• African practices contribute to outbreak:

– Eating monkeys and bats

– Caressing the dead

Hosts

Reservoir

Other possible reservoirs:

– Insects

– Rodents

In 2012 pigs found to transmit Zaire ebolavirus airborne to non-human primates (Hana M. Weingartl)

Pigs found to be a host for

Reston ebolavirus in 2009

(Roger W. Barrette)

?

3 species with potential to

spread Ebola

Bats play a big role in the transmission of Ebola

Hypsignathus monstrosus

Epomops franqueti

Myonycteris torquata

Ebola

Hemorrhagic Fever

Onset of symptoms to death:

6-16 days

By the second week of the infection, the patient will either experience a full recovery or undergo systemic multiorgan failure.

-Microbewiki

High feverChillsMyalgiaNauseaVomitingDiarrheaChest painCoughHeadache

DiarrheaDark or bloody fecesVomiting bloodRed eyesMaculopapular rashBleeding from orificesSeizures and delirium

Incubation period

2-21 days

Early LateSymptoms

Symptoms are easily mistaken for other diseases like malaria

Sources CitedBarrette, R. W., S. A. Metwally, J. M. Rowland, L. Xu, S. R. Zaki, S. T. Nichol, P. E. Rollin, J. S. Towner, W.-J. Shieh, B. Batten, T. K. Sealy, C. Carrillo, K. E. Moran, A. J. Bracht, G. A. Mayr, M. Sirios-Cruz, D. P. Catbagan, E. A. Lautner, T. G. Ksiazek, W. R. White, and M. T. McIntosh. "Discovery of Swine as a Host for the Reston Ebolavirus." Science 325.5937 (2009): 204-06. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.Chandran, K. "Endosomal Proteolysis of the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Is Necessary for Infection." Science 308.5728 (2005): 1643-645. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever." WHO. World Health Organization, 2013. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." MedLine Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebola Virus." Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology. Baylor College of Medicine, 31 July 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Ebolavirus." ViralZone. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.

Haggmann, Michael. "On the Track of Ebola's Hideout?" Science 286.5440 (1999): 654-55. Science Magazine. AAAS. Web. 21 Mar. 2013."Infection Mechanism of Genus Ebolavirus." MicrobeWiki. Kenyon College, Sept. 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2013."Questions and Answers about Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 July 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.Walsh, Michael. "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever." Infection Landscapes. N.p., 26 Nov. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.Waterman, Tara. "Tara's Ebola Site." Thesis. Ed. Robert Siegel, MD. Stanford University, 1999. Tara's Ebola Site. Stanford University, 1 Mar. 1999. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.