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1 Eating Disorders 1 Sristi Nath, D.O. Early Identification and Proactive Treatment November 12, 2016 Disclosures 2 I have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this program/presentation.

Transcript of Eating Disorders PPT - c.ymcdn.com · Review DSM‐V criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, ... Bulimia...

Page 1: Eating Disorders PPT - c.ymcdn.com · Review DSM‐V criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, ... Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating disorder

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Eating Disorders

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Sristi Nath, D.O.

Early Identification and Proactive Treatment November 12, 2016

Disclosures

2

I have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this program/presentation. 

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Goals

1. Review DSM‐V criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorders.

2. Describe typical acute symptoms, course, and prognosis for Eating disorders.

3. Identify risk factors and obstacles in assessment for non‐acute eating disorders.

4. Discuss goals for treatment of eating disorders.

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Eating Disorders

Pica

Rumination Disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating disorder

Other specified eating disorder‐Night eating syndrome

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How do we know?

Prevalence

F/M 3:1

Males typically have a history of premorbid obesity

Lifetime prevalence is 1‐3% in females

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DSM V Criteria

F50.0 Anorexia Nervosa

A. Energy intake restriction, leading to significantly low body weight. (Or make expected growth goals)

B. Intense fear of becoming fat

Not alleviated by weight loss

C. Distortion of body image – weight, size, shape

‐DSM‐IV TR (Amenorrhea‐absence of 3 successive menstrual periods)

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AN Subtypes

Restricting type

Weight loss through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise

NO bingeing or purging

Binge eating‐purging type

Regular bingeing and/or purging during current episode

May misuse laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, enemas

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AN Subtypes

Severity

Mild:  BMI ≥ 17kg/m2

Mod:  BMI 16‐16.99kg/m2

Severe:  BMI 15‐15.99kg/m2

Extreme:  BMI < 15kg/m2

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F50.2 Bulimia Nervosa

A. Binge eating episodes

B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory weight controlling behaviors

Purging 80‐90%   

C. Binge each and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once/week for three months

D. Self‐evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape/weight

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Bulimia Nervosa

Severity (based on #episodes of maladaptive compensatory behaviors)

Mild:  1‐3 episodes per week

Moderate:  4‐7 episodes per week

Severe:  8‐13 episodes per week

Extreme:  ≥ 14 episodes per week

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What is a “Binge”

Time(<2hrs)/Amount  

AND

Lack of control

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F50.8 Binge Eating Disorder

A. Recurrent binge episodes (>1/week for 3m)

B. Associated features (3 or more): rapid eating, eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment of amount, or disgust/guilt

C. Duration > 3 months

No compensatory weight loss measures

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Binge‐Eating Disorder

Severity

Mild:  1‐3 episodes per week

Moderate:  4‐7 episodes per week

Severe:  8‐13 episodes per week

Extreme:  ≥ 14 episodes per week

*Severity not associated with body weight.

Clinical Presentation

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Differential Diagnoses for Eating Disorders

Medical conditions:  GI, endocrine, malignancy, AIDS

Nocturnal Sleep Related Disorder

Other Eating Disorder

Obesity

Mood Disorder

Borderline Personality

Klein‐Levin syndrome

Psychosis

Substance use

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

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How do we identify the non‐acute Eating Disorder 

patients?

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Obstacles to Assessment/Treatment

Patient factors

Patient minimization or hiding of behavioral and psychological symptoms

Diversity of symptom expression

Potential dualism or lack of patient motivation

Focus on symptom management rather than treatment of underlying condition

Treatment drop off rate 

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Obstacles

Family factors Family history of negative body image/maladaptive weight loss strategies, rigidity, or other mental illness

Cultural/Societal factors

Normalization of thinness

Poor life style choices of peers

Media exposure

Obstacles

Provider factors

Primary care time constraints

Limited information from patient

Provider attitudes towards Eating Disorders

Watch out for countertransference, and feelings of being manipulated.

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Risk Factors

Predisposing

•Birth weight

•Gender

•Temperament

•Genetics

Potentiating Outcome

Consolidated Eating Disorder Model

•Urban living

•Extreme SES

•Parental mental illness/substance use.

•Parental eating patterns

Individual

Family/Social

Cognitive & Behavioral•Negative body image

•Negative self‐evaluation

•Dietary restraint

•Bingeing

•Maladaptive weight loss strategies

•History of Obesity

•Mood/anxiety

•OCD, impulsivity

•Personality

•Parental control behaviors with diet •Parental criticism/conflict

•Acculturation

•Media 

•Bullying

•Lack  of friends

Anorexia

Bulimia

Binge eating

Obesity

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Individual

Body image

Perfectionism or Impulsive

Dysregulated Moods

Limited social outlets

Athletes

Media

Double Standard:  “Dad bod”

Objectifying females

Youth/Sex obsessed

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Early Clinical Assessment

SCOFF  Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full?

Do you worry you have lost Control over how much you eat?

Have you recently lost more than One stone (15 pounds) in a three‐month period? 

Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin?

Would you say Food dominates your life? 

EAT‐26

Yale‐Brown‐Cornell Eating disorder assessment

Other Assessment Strategies

Motivational Interviewing

Family collateral/collaboration

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Family Assessment

Identify any family history of eating disorders, other psychiatric disorders, and obesity. 

Assess family dynamics (e.g., guilt, blame) and attitudes toward eating, exercise, and appearance. 

Identify family reactions to the patient’s disorder and the burden of illness for the family. 

Course

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Course

Median delay from onset to treatment for AN is 15 years wait time for assessment

Variable course

Relapsing

Remitting

Chronic

Highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder

12 x greater cause of mortality between ages 16‐25

50% deaths are cardiac; other half suicide

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AN Prognosis

5‐15% mortality over lifetime

1% die of their disease each year

25% complete recovery

50% partial improvement

25% continued anorexia

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Bulimia Nervosa‐Prognosis

10 year follow up:

50% are symptom free

Some show gradual improvement

Some continue daily bingeing and purging

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Treatment

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Goals in Treatment

Establish a therapeutic alliance

Restore weight

Collaborate with team

Treat comorbid psychiatric illness

The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit.

Future role for osteopathic manipulation?

Goals

Minimize food restrictions. 

Reduce binge eating and purging behaviors, if present. 

Provide education regarding healthy nutrition and eating patterns. 

Encourage healthy but not excessive exercise. 

Enhance the patient’s motivation to cooperate and participate in treatment. 

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Summary

Acute Eating Disordered patients suffer severe medical comorbidities.

Non‐acute Eating Disordered patients are difficult to identify in the community.

Assessment should include multiple sources.

Treatment should target both medical stabilization as well as mental stabilization.

Contact Information

Sristi Nath, D.O.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

General Psychiatry

Assistant Professor, Clinical Education, MWU

9821 E. Bell Rd., Ste. 100

Scottsdale, AZ  85260

T:  480‐391‐6555

F:  480‐621‐7694

[email protected]

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