Eating Causing Problems

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

True/FalseTrue/False

• 1. Eating disorders affect both 1. Eating disorders affect both males and females.males and females.


• 1. Eating disorders affect both 1. Eating disorders affect both males and females.males and females.

• 1. True—approximately 5% of 1. True—approximately 5% of females and 1% of males are females and 1% of males are affected.affected.


• 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed with anorexia will die from effects of with anorexia will die from effects of the disease.the disease.


• 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed 2. Ten percent of people diagnosed with anorexia will die from effects of with anorexia will die from effects of the disease.the disease.

• False—20% of people diagnosed False—20% of people diagnosed

with anorexia will die from the with anorexia will die from the effects of the disease.effects of the disease.


• 3. Individuals who have anorexia 3. Individuals who have anorexia nervosa always eat less than they nervosa always eat less than they should and so starve themselves in should and so starve themselves in order to lose weight.order to lose weight.


• 3. Individuals who have anorexia 3. Individuals who have anorexia nervosa always eat less than they nervosa always eat less than they should and so starve themselves in should and so starve themselves in order to lose weight.order to lose weight.

• False--Some anorexics may eat a False--Some anorexics may eat a normal amount of food but may normal amount of food but may exercise so much that they burn off a exercise so much that they burn off a majority of the calories they consume. majority of the calories they consume.

What is an eating What is an eating disorder?disorder?

• Eating disorders are extreme Eating disorders are extreme expressions of a range of weight and expressions of a range of weight and food issues experienced by both men food issues experienced by both men and women.and women.

What is anorexia?What is anorexia?

• An eating disorder in which people starve An eating disorder in which people starve themselvesthemselves

• Individuals have extreme weight loss (<85% Individuals have extreme weight loss (<85% of ideal body weight)of ideal body weight)

• People are very skinny but convinced they People are very skinny but convinced they are overweight and have an intense fear of are overweight and have an intense fear of becoming fatbecoming fat

• Common weight loss techniques: excessive Common weight loss techniques: excessive exercise, intake of laxatives, and not eatingexercise, intake of laxatives, and not eating

• Common among athletesCommon among athletes

What is bulimia?What is bulimia?• Episodes of binge-eating followed by inappropriate Episodes of binge-eating followed by inappropriate

methods of weight control (purging), often in secretmethods of weight control (purging), often in secret• Sense of lack of control over quantity eatenSense of lack of control over quantity eaten• Acting to get rid of large amount of calories Acting to get rid of large amount of calories

– Purging includes vomiting, fasting, enemas (causing Purging includes vomiting, fasting, enemas (causing increased defecation), excessive use of laxatives (causing increased defecation), excessive use of laxatives (causing increased defecation) and diuretics (causing increased increased defecation) and diuretics (causing increased urination), or compulsive exerciseurination), or compulsive exercise

• Sometimes bulimics eat up to 4,000 calories at a Sometimes bulimics eat up to 4,000 calories at a time, compared to the normal 2,000-2,500 calories time, compared to the normal 2,000-2,500 calories a daya day

• Most bulimics are of normal weight or overweightMost bulimics are of normal weight or overweight

What is binge eating What is binge eating disorder?disorder?

• Similar to bulimia except the person Similar to bulimia except the person does not engage in purgingdoes not engage in purging

What are some reasons What are some reasons why people may develop why people may develop

an eating disorder?an eating disorder?

• Any thoughts…?Any thoughts…?

Many factors involved:Many factors involved:

• Influences from society and cultureInfluences from society and culture• Pressure due to sports, dance, etc.Pressure due to sports, dance, etc.• Family environmentFamily environment

– Those with disorders often come from families Those with disorders often come from families preoccupied with image, dietingpreoccupied with image, dieting

– Over 25% of those with anorexia have a relative with Over 25% of those with anorexia have a relative with an eating disorderan eating disorder

• Severe trauma or stressSevere trauma or stress• Biological factors: Biological factors:

– Inheriting tendency to be more likely to overreact to Inheriting tendency to be more likely to overreact to stressstress

– Serotonin in brain altered by disease and may Serotonin in brain altered by disease and may contribute to persistence of disorder contribute to persistence of disorder

Athletes and Eating Athletes and Eating DisordersDisorders

• Athletes tend to be highly competitive, Athletes tend to be highly competitive, high-achieving, and self-disciplined, which high-achieving, and self-disciplined, which can lead to the development of an eating can lead to the development of an eating disorder when these qualities are taken to disorder when these qualities are taken to the extremethe extreme

• Athletes in sports emphasizing appearance Athletes in sports emphasizing appearance and a lean body are at higher risk than and a lean body are at higher risk than those in sports requiring muscle mass and those in sports requiring muscle mass and bulkbulk

• Female athletes at a higher risk due to Female athletes at a higher risk due to social pressures and naturally higher social pressures and naturally higher percentages of body fat than menpercentages of body fat than men

• Transition from wanting to lose weight and Transition from wanting to lose weight and get fit to a loss of control: binging, get fit to a loss of control: binging, purging, starvation, frantic compulsive purging, starvation, frantic compulsive exerciseexercise

Athletes and Eating Athletes and Eating DisordersDisorders

• Risks of injury are greater among athletes Risks of injury are greater among athletes who have an eating disorder—for example, who have an eating disorder—for example, stress fracturesstress fractures

• ““Female athlete triad”Female athlete triad”– Disordered eatingDisordered eating– Amenorrhea—stopping of menstrual periodsAmenorrhea—stopping of menstrual periods– Osteopenia—mild bone loss that can lead to Osteopenia—mild bone loss that can lead to

osteoporosisosteoporosis

WrestlersWrestlers• Cycles of binging and purging to achieve Cycles of binging and purging to achieve

target weight dangeroustarget weight dangerous• Three wrestlers died in the latter part of 1997 Three wrestlers died in the latter part of 1997

from rapid weight loss, which is mostly water from rapid weight loss, which is mostly water weightweight– Two wore rubber suits while working out in Two wore rubber suits while working out in

hot roomshot rooms• Severe dehydration Severe dehydration

can cause death from can cause death from kidney failure, heart kidney failure, heart malfunction and malfunction and brain damagebrain damage

How does Anorexia affect How does Anorexia affect the body?the body?

• StarvationStarvation– Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies – Nails and hair become brittle, and skin Nails and hair become brittle, and skin

may become dry and yellowmay become dry and yellow– Body breaks down muscles to provide Body breaks down muscles to provide

energyenergy– Individuals may have constipation or Individuals may have constipation or

edema, which is bloating due to water edema, which is bloating due to water retention in tissuesretention in tissues

– Severe dehydration can lead to kidney Severe dehydration can lead to kidney failurefailure


• Brain and nervous tissueBrain and nervous tissue– Vitamin deficiencies cause cognitive Vitamin deficiencies cause cognitive

problems like poor judgment or memory problems like poor judgment or memory loss and other psychiatric conditionsloss and other psychiatric conditions

– Seizures Seizures – Damage to nerves, causing loss of feelingDamage to nerves, causing loss of feeling– Changes in chemical signals which Changes in chemical signals which

impact appetite, mood and reward impact appetite, mood and reward systemssystems


• Hormonal changesHormonal changes– Brain senses the decrease in weight and sends signals Brain senses the decrease in weight and sends signals

to ovaries to decrease amount of estrogen madeto ovaries to decrease amount of estrogen made– Absence of regular menstrual cycles due to less Absence of regular menstrual cycles due to less

estrogenestrogen– Decrease in estrogen causes decrease in bone density Decrease in estrogen causes decrease in bone density – Both males and females with anorexia have loss of bone Both males and females with anorexia have loss of bone

densitydensity• Growth hormone levels altered, decreasing bone massGrowth hormone levels altered, decreasing bone mass• Body under stress and so cortisol levels are high, causing bone Body under stress and so cortisol levels are high, causing bone

lossloss

– May develop lanugo (a term used to describe the fine May develop lanugo (a term used to describe the fine hair on a new born) on the body due to hormonal hair on a new born) on the body due to hormonal changeschanges


• HeartHeart– Low heart rateLow heart rate– Alterations in body’s concentrations of Alterations in body’s concentrations of

electrolytes like sodium and potassium electrolytes like sodium and potassium and stress on heart can cause and stress on heart can cause dangerous fast irregular heart beat dangerous fast irregular heart beat patternspatterns

– Atrophy of heart muscle Atrophy of heart muscle

How does Bulimia affect How does Bulimia affect the body?the body?

• Callused or bruised fingersCallused or bruised fingers– From using the fingers to vomitFrom using the fingers to vomit

• Salivary gland enlargementSalivary gland enlargement– may have puffy facemay have puffy face

• Dental problemsDental problems– erosion enamel, gum recession, teeth losserosion enamel, gum recession, teeth loss

• Damage to the esophagus from acid due Damage to the esophagus from acid due to purgingto purging– internal bleeding which may lead to deathinternal bleeding which may lead to death

• Upset of the body's fluid/mineral balance, Upset of the body's fluid/mineral balance, possibly causing rapid or irregular possibly causing rapid or irregular heartbeats or even a heart attackheartbeats or even a heart attack

Eating Causing Problems

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