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EASTERN SYSTEM UPGRADE

RESOURCE REPORT 7

Soils

FERC Docket No. CP16-__-000

July 2016

Resource Report 7 – Soils i Eastern System Upgrade

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

7.0 SOILS ......................................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 SOILS IN THE PROJECT AREAS ............................................................................................. 7-1

7.1.1 Pipeline Facilities ............................................................................................................. 7-2

7.1.1.1 Major Land Resource Areas ........................................................................ 7-2

7.1.1.2 Soil Series ..................................................................................................... 7-3

7.1.2 Additional Temporary Workspaces ................................................................................. 7-3

7.1.3 Access Roads ................................................................................................................... 7-3

7.1.4 Pipe / Contractor Yards and Staging Areas ..................................................................... 7-4

7.1.5 Aboveground Facilities .................................................................................................... 7-4

7.2 SOIL IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................... 7-4

7.2.1 Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance ................................................ 7-6

7.2.2 Erosion by Water and Wind ............................................................................................. 7-7

7.2.2.1 Erosion by Water .......................................................................................... 7-7

7.2.2.2 Erosion by Wind ........................................................................................... 7-8

7.2.3 Hydric Soil and Drainage Potential ................................................................................. 7-8

7.2.4 Poor Revegetation Potential ............................................................................................. 7-9

7.2.5 Shallow Depth to Bedrock and Introduction of Rock into Topsoil ................................. 7-9

7.2.6 Soil Compaction .............................................................................................................. 7-9

7.3 MITIGATION ............................................................................................................................ 7-10

7.3.1 Residential Areas ........................................................................................................... 7-10

7.3.2 Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance .............................................. 7-10

7.3.3 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control ................................................................................ 7-12

7.3.4 Hydric Soils and Soils with Poor Drainage Potential .................................................... 7-13

7.3.5 Revegetation .................................................................................................................. 7-14

7.3.6 Rock Material in the Topsoil ......................................................................................... 7-14

7.3.7 Soil Compaction ............................................................................................................ 7-15

7.3.8 Contaminated Soil .......................................................................................................... 7-16

7.4 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 7-16

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 7.2-1 Summary of Soil Characteristics and Limitations for the Eastern System Upgrade .......... 7-5

Resource Report 7 – Soils ii Eastern System Upgrade

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 7A Supplemental Tables

TABLE 7A-1 Summary of Soil Characteristics Crossed by the Eastern System Upgrade

APPENDIX 7B Figures

FIGURE 7B-1 Soils Crossed by the Eastern System Upgrade

APPENDIX 7C

Soil Series Descriptions

Resource Report 7 – Soils iii Eastern System Upgrade

RESOURCE REPORT 7—SOILS

Filing Requirement Location in Environmental

Report

List, by milepost, the soil associations that would be crossed and

describe the erosion potential, fertility, and drainage characteristics of

each association. (§ 380.12 (i) (1))

Table 7A-1 in Appendix 7A

If an aboveground facility site is greater than 5 acres: (§ 380.12 (i)

(2))

(i) List the soil series within the property and the percentage of the

property comprised of each series;

(ii) List the percentage of each series which would be permanently

disturbed;

(iii) Describe the characteristics of each soil series; and

(iv) Indicate which are classified as prime or unique farmland by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

See Table 7A-1

Identify, by milepost, potential impact from: Soil erosion due to water,

wind, or loss of vegetation; soil compaction and damage to soil

structure resulting from movement of construction vehicles; wet soils

and soils with poor drainage that are especially prone to structural

damage; damage to drainage tile systems due to movement of

construction vehicles and trenching activities; and interference with

the operation of agricultural equipment due to the probability of large

stones or blasted rock occurring on or near the surface as a result of

construction. (§ 380.12 (i) (3))

Section 7.2 and 7.3; Table 7A-1 in

Appendix 7A

Identify, by milepost, cropland and residential areas where loss of soil

fertility due to trenching and backfilling could occur. (5) Describe

proposed mitigation measures to reduce the potential for adverse

impact to soils or agricultural productivity. Compare proposed

mitigation measures with the staff's current “Upland Erosion Control,

Revegetation and Maintenance Plan”', which is available from the

Commission Internet home page or from the Commission staff, and

explain how proposed mitigation measures provide equivalent or

greater protections to the environment. (§ 380.12 (i) (4))

Section 7.2 and 7.3; Table 7A-1 in

Appendix 7A

Resource Report 7 – Soils iv Eastern System Upgrade

FERC COMMENTS ON

DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 7

LOCATION OR

RESPONSE TO COMMENT

JUNE 10, 2016 COMMENTS

Resource Report 7 – Soils

1. In section 7.3.2, clarify the term “water boils.” Section 7.3.2

2. Reconcile acreage discrepancies between table 7A-1 and

8A-2. Table 7A-1 and Table 8A-2 in Resource

Report 8

3. Provide a summary table summarizing the acres of

impact on each of the following characteristics of soils by

each of the Project facilities, including the pipeline right-

of-way (including pipe/contractor yards, staging areas,

and ATWS), access roads, and aboveground facilities and

provide footnotes specifying how each column entry was

determined:

Table 7.2-1

a. prime, unique, or farmland of statewide importance;

b. high compaction potential/hydric soils;

c. highly water erodible;

d. highly wind erodible;

e. depth of bedrock < 5 feet; and

f. low revegetation potential.

Resource Report 7 – Soils v Eastern System Upgrade

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ATWS Additional temporary workspace

BMPs Best Management Practices

ECS Millennium’s Environmental Construction Standards

FERC or Commission Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FERC Plan FERC Upland Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan

Hancock CS Hancock CS

Highland CS Highland Compressor Station

hp horsepower

Huguenot M&R Huguenot Meter Station

Millennium Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C.

MLRA Major Land Resource Areas

MP Milepost

NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service

NYSDAM New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets

NYSDAM Plan NYSDAM’s Pipeline Right-of-Way Construction Projects Agricultural

Mitigation, through the Stages of Planning, Construction/Restoration

and Follow-up Monitoring

Project Eastern System Upgrade

Ramapo M&R Ramapo Meter Station

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

Westtown M&R Westtown Meter Station

SPRP Spill Prevention and Response Plan

WEG Wind Erodibility Group

Resource Report 7 – Soils 7-1 Eastern System Upgrade

7.0 SOILS

Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium) is seeking authorization from the Federal Energy

Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) pursuant to Section 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act to

construct, install, operate, and maintain the Eastern System Upgrade (Project). The Project includes

construction of approximately 7.8 miles of 30- and 36-inch pipeline loop in Orange County, New York

(Huguenot Loop). Millennium proposes to locate a majority of the pipeline loop overlapping with and

adjacent to the permanent easement associated with its existing mainline (Millennium Pipeline).

Additionally, as part of the Project, Millennium proposes to construct and operate (1) a new compressor

station (Highland CS) in Sullivan County, New York, (2) additional horsepower (hp) at the existing

Hancock Compressor Station (Hancock CS) in Delaware County, New York, (3) modifications to the

existing Ramapo Meter and Regulator Station (Ramapo M&R) in Rockland County, New York, (4)

modifications to the existing Wagoner Interconnect in Orange County, New York, and (5) additional

pipeline appurtenant facilities at the existing Huguenot Meter Station (Huguenot M&R) and Westtown

Meter Station (Westtown M&R) in Orange County, New York. Dependent upon receipt of necessary

approvals, construction of the Project would be anticipated to commence in the fall of 2017 to meet a target

in-service date in September 2018.

The Project consists of the following components and facilities:

approximately 7.8 miles of new 30- and 36-inch diameter pipeline looping generally overlapping

with and adjacent to Millennium’s existing pipeline right-of-way in Orange County, New York;

construction and operation of a new 22,400 hp compressor station, Highland CS in Sullivan County,

New York;

construction and operation of an additional 22,400 hp at the existing Hancock CS in Delaware

County, New York;

modifications to the Ramapo M&R in Rockland County, New York;

modifications to the Wagoner Interconnect in Orange County, New York;

addition of pipeline appurtenant facilities at the Huguenot M&R and the Westtown M&R in Orange

County, New York; and

addition of an alternate interconnect to the 16-inch Valley Lateral at milepost (MP) 7.6.

Resource Report 7 identifies, describes, and lists by milepost the soils traversed by the proposed Project,

including aboveground facilities, and activities to manage and mitigate soil impacts during and after

construction.

7.1 SOILS IN THE PROJECT AREAS

The descriptions and characteristics of soils discussed in this resource report were compiled from the United

States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) website


databases maintained by the NRCS. Soils within the affected counties were analyzed using the NRCS

digital Soil Survey Geographic Database, which includes geospatially referenced Geographic Information

System soil map unit polygons at a 1:24,000 scale (NRCS, 2016).

7.1.1 Pipeline Facilities

7.1.1.1 Major Land Resource Areas

Soils, surficial geologic deposit, and physiography are broadly described by their location within a Major

Land Resource Area (MLRA) of the United States as provided by the NRCS (USDA, 2006). These three

elements illustrate the general development and soil environment of the Project areas. The Project will be

located within two MLRAs as identified below.

New England and Eastern New York Upland, Southern Part (MLRA 144A)

This MLRA consists of rolling to hilly uplands that are broken by many gently sloping to level valleys that

terminate in coastal lowlands. Elevation ranges from sea level to 1,000 feet (0 to 305 meters) above mean

sea level in much of the area, but it is 2,000 feet (610 meters) above mean sea level on some hills. Relief

ranges between 6 to 65 feet (2 to 20 meters) in the valleys and approximately 80 to 330 feet (25 to 100

meters) in the uplands. This area has been glaciated and consists almost entirely of till plains and drumlins

dissected by narrow valleys with a thin mantle of till.

The dominant soil orders in this MLRA are Entisols, Histosols, and Inceptisols. The soils in the area

dominantly have a mesic soil temperature regime, an aquic or udic soil moisture regime, and mixed

mineralogy. They generally are very deep, somewhat excessively drained to poorly drained, and loamy or

sandy. Udorthents (Hinckley series) and Udipsamments (Windsor series) formed in outwash deposits on

outwash plains, terraces, kames, and eskers. Haplosaprists (Freetown series) formed in organic material in

depressions on uplands and outwash plains. Dystrudepts formed in till, loamy sediments over till, and dense

till on till plains, hills, and ridges (Canton, Charlton, Chatfield, Gloucester, Hollis, Montauk, Paxton,

Scituate, Sutton, and Woodbridge series) and in outwash deposits on outwash plains and terraces (Merrimac

series). Endoaquepts (Leicester and Ridgebury series) and Epiaquepts (Ridgebury series) formed in till in

depressions on hills and in drainageways. Fragiudults (Rockaway series) formed in till on hills.

Glaciated Allegheny Plateau and Catskill Mountains

This MLRA consists of plateau highlands with flat to moderate slopes and mountain ranges with narrow

valleys with steep walls and smooth floors. Elevation is typically 650 to 1,000 feet (200 to 305 meters) on

valley floors; 1,650 to 2,000 feet (505 to 610 meters) on the plateau surface; and 3,600 feet (1,100 meters)

or more in parts of the Catskills.

The dominant soil order in this MLRA is Inceptisols. The soils in the area dominantly have a mesic soil

temperature regime, an aquic or udic soil moisture regime, and mixed mineralogy. They are shallow to

very deep, well drained to very poorly drained, and loamy or loamy-skeletal. Dystrudepts (Arnot,

Lordstown, and Oquaga series) formed in till on hills and dissected plateaus. Fragiudepts (Bath,


Lackawanna, Mardin, Swartswood, Wellsboro, and Wurtsboro series) and Fragiaquepts (Chippewa, Morris,

Norwich, and Volusia series) formed in till (dense till in some areas) on hills and till plains.

7.1.1.2 Soil Series

Soils that exhibit similar physical, chemical, horizon composition, thickness, and arrangement make up a

soil series. Soil series can be subdivided into map units (i.e., soil phase or soil type). Map unit properties

used to divide soil series can include slope, stone composition, acidity, water content, and depth to bedrock.

The geographic position of a soil series map unit provides useful information, such as drainage class and

geologic origin and allows planning of soil management during design, construction, and restoration phases

of the Project. Soil series and map unit designations for similar soils, can vary by region, state and county.

The distribution of soil series map units along the proposed Huguenot Loop and at the proposed

aboveground facilities sites is listed by milepost in Table 7A-1 in Appendix 7A, and shown on Figure 7B-

1 in Appendix 7B. Each soil series map unit is described in Appendix 7C.

7.1.2 Additional Temporary Workspaces

Additional temporary workspace (ATWS) will be required where an obstacle prevents the normal

placement of spoil and the placement of pipe sections immediately adjacent to the pipe trench (for example,

at a waterbody crossing or road crossing), where additional volumes of spoil will be generated in areas

where a reduced right-of-way is being used (for example, at wetland crossings), or where additional

construction operations will be performed (for example, at horizontal directional drills).

ATWS typically will be required on both sides of road, railroad, wetland, and waterbody crossings, at truck

turnarounds, at hydrostatic test water withdrawal pump locations, at pipe tie-ins, at horizontal directional

drill entry and exit points, at foreign pipeline or other utility crossings, at locations of side slope to

accommodate safe trenching / two-tier top-soiling, and for staging and fabrication of drag sections. The

size and configuration of each ATWS is unique and dependent upon the existing conditions at each work

location (e.g., available or accessible space, the presence of buildings and other structures, crossing angle,

crossing depth, length of crossing, terrain, or the presence of trees or sensitive habitat).

Table 7A-1 details the soil series map units located within proposed ATWS, as well as the corresponding

characteristics. Each soil series map unit is described in Appendix 7C. Figure 7B-1 identifies the proposed

location of ATWS and associated soil series map units.

7.1.3 Access Roads

Access roads will be used to transport construction workers, equipment and materials to the construction

work area from public interstate, state, county and local highways/roads. These access roads include private

roads and/or two-tracks that may require minor modifications or improvements to safely support the

expected loads associated with the movement of construction equipment and materials to and from the

public roadways to the construction right-of-way. Modifications or improvements to these access roads

may include grading or other minor maintenance to prevent rutting during use, addition of geotextile road


fabric, placement of additional gravel or crushed stone on the existing surface, enlargement to accommodate

the pipeline equipment, such as stringing trucks, and/or installation of board or timber mats that will be

removed upon completion of construction.

Table 7A-1 details the soil series map units located along proposed access roads, as well as the

corresponding characteristics. Each soil series map unit is described in Appendix 7C. Figure 7B-1

identifies the location of the proposed access roads and associated soil series map units.

7.1.4 Pipe / Contractor Yards and Staging Areas

Pipe / contractor yards and staging areas are needed for various uses, such as stockpiling pipe, fabricating

concrete weights and piping assemblies, staging construction operations, storing construction materials,

parking equipment, and for temporary construction offices. Four pipe / contractor yards and three staging

areas have been identified for use during construction of the Project. In general, the pipe / contractor yards

and staging areas will require minimal improvements, primarily in the form of a graded gravel base to

stabilize the ground surface and allow for motor vehicle traffic, delivery and storage of pipe and associated

equipment and materials, and placement of storage trailers and on-site office trailers.

Table 7A-1 details the soil series map units located within the proposed pipe / contractor yards and staging

areas, as well as the corresponding characteristics. Each soil series map unit is described in Appendix 7C.

Figure 7B-1 identifies the location of the proposed pipe / contractor yards and staging areas and associated

soil series map units.

7.1.5 Aboveground Facilities

Aboveground facilities for the Project will consist of the new Highland CS, modifications to the existing

Hancock CS, modifications to the existing Ramapo M&R, and the addition of pipeline appurtenant facilities

at the existing Huguenot M&R and Westtown M&R. Additional aboveground facilities associated with the

Huguenot Loop will consist of a new Pig Launcher / Receiver (MP 0.1) and installation of an Alternate

Interconnect (MP 7.6) on Millennium’s 16-inchValley Lateral.

Table 7A-1 details the soil series map units located within the proposed layout of the new and modified

station facilities and additional aboveground facilities, as well as the corresponding characteristics. Each

soil series map unit is described in Appendix 7C. Figure 7B-1 identifies the proposed location of the

aboveground facilities and associated soil series map units.

7.2 SOIL IMPACTS

Pipeline construction activities generally result in temporary, minor soil impacts that are minimized through

the use of proven Best Management Practices (BMPs) incorporated into the Project’s Environmental

Construction Standards (ECS) (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1) and implemented properly from

the start of construction until final stabilization is achieved. Impacts will result from direct soil disturbance

due to clearing, grading, trench excavation, and heavy machinery traveling along the right-of-way during

pipeline construction. Impacts may include reduction of soil quality from the intermixing of topsoil and


subsoil and soil settling or slumping. Depending on soil conditions, impacts also can include loss of

excavated soil through water and wind erosion, soil compaction from construction equipment, and mixing

of wetland topsoil and subsoil.

The characteristics of soil types, vegetative cover, and slope are also important factors in determining

whether the potential exists for these construction-related impacts to occur along the Project alignment and

at aboveground facilities. Table 7A-1 identifies potential soil limitations and quantifies length crossed

(miles) and associated impacts (acres) under the categories of: prime farmland, erosion potential of highly

water and wind erodible soils, hydric soils and drainage potential, revegetation potential, depth to bedrock

and stony/rocky soils, and compaction potential. Table 7.2-1, below, summarizes the acres of impact by

soil characteristic for each of the Project facilities.

TABLE 7.2-1 Summary of Soil Characteristics and Limitations for the Eastern System Upgrade

Facility

Area of Project Workspace within Designated Soil Classification / Limitation a/

Prime, Unique, or

Local Farmlands b/

High Compaction Potential /

Hydric Soils

c/, d/

Highly Water

Erodible e/

Highly Wind

Erodible

f/

Depth of Bedrock <5

feet g/

Low Revegetation Potential h/

Pipeline Right-of-Way and ATWS i/

45.51 18.98 1.57 0.13 44.70 66.96

Aboveground Facilities j/

22.86 2.95 0.12 0.01 24.24 17.18

Pipe / Contractor Yards

11.64 3.94 3.25 0.00 5.82 8.71

Staging Areas 8.94 4.43 3.25 0.00 4.51 2.83

Access Roads k/ 9.75 3.19 1.56 0.00 5.59 3.67

Percent of Project Area l/

0.46 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.47

NOTES: a/ Total acreage does not equal the total impact acreage for the Project as not all soils are classified with limitations

and certain soils are classified as having multiple limitations. b/ Prime farmland includes soils designated by the USDA-NRCS if drained and/or reclaimed of excess salts and

sodium. Totals include 0.31 acres of prime farmland if drained which accounts for 0.15 percent of the Project area.

c/ Soils categorized as compaction prone include soils with clay loam or finer texture and a drainage class of poor, somewhat poor, and very poor. All soils represented in this category are hydric, but may not have a high compaction potential.

d/ Hydric soils included soils classified by the USDA-NRCS as being partially hydric and hydric. e/ Water erodible soils included soils with a K factor of “High. f/ Highly wind erodible soils include those in wind erodibility groups 1 or 2. g/ Shallow bedrock soils included soils which have a depth to bedrock of less than 5 feet (60 inches). h/ Soils with low revegetation potential included soils with a capability class of three or greater, a low water

capacity, and a slope greater than 8 percent. i/ Totals include permanent and temporary impacts associated with the Project (ATWS, temporary workspace, and

permanent easement).


TABLE 7.2-1 Summary of Soil Characteristics and Limitations for the Eastern System Upgrade

Facility

Area of Project Workspace within Designated Soil Classification / Limitation a/

Prime, Unique, or

Local Farmlands b/

High Compaction Potential /

Hydric Soils

c/, d/

Highly Water

Erodible e/

Highly Wind

Erodible

f/

Depth of Bedrock <5

feet g/

Low Revegetation Potential h/

j/ Totals include all aboveground facilities for the Project (i.e., Hancock CS, Highland CS, Wagoner Interconnect, Huguenot M&R, Pig Launcher/Receiver, Alternate Interconnect, Westtown M&R, and Ramapo M&R.

k/ Totals include all temporary and permanent access roads for the Huguenot Loop and all aboveground facilities. l/ Totals do not equal 100 percent as not all soils are classified with limitations and certain soils are classified as

having multiple limitations.

7.2.1 Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance

The Project will cross lands considered prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance. Prime

farmland is defined as land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for

producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops, and is also available for these uses (the land could be

cropland, pastureland, rangeland, forest land, or other land, but not urban built-up land or water). Prime

farmland has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to economically produce

sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management, according to

acceptable farming methods. In general, prime farmlands have an adequate and dependable water supply

from precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable acidity or

alkalinity, acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. Prime farmlands are not excessively

erodible or saturated with water for a long period of time, and they either do not flood frequently or are

protected from flooding.

Generally, farmlands of statewide importance include those that are nearly prime farmland and that

economically produce high yields of crops when treated and managed according to acceptable farming

methods. Some may produce as high a yield as prime farmlands if conditions are favorable. In some states,

additional farmlands of statewide importance may include tracts of land that have been designated for

agriculture by state law. These farmlands are designated by the NRCS using data produced by the NRCS

National Cooperative Soil Survey Program and must conform to the federal Farmland Protection Policy

Act.

The fact that a particular soil is considered prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance does not

mean that it is currently in agricultural use. Some prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance

soils may be located in forested or open uncultivated or non-pasture areas. Impacts on these areas as a

result of construction of the pipeline will be mitigated using standard BMPs included in the Millennium’s

ECS (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1). Millennium will consult with landowners in coordination

with the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) regarding construction and

operation across active agricultural operations.


A portion of the proposed Pig Launcher / Receiver (MP 0.1) is located within an area designated as prime

farmland; however, this area is not currently in agricultural use. The Alternate Interconnect (MP 7.6) is

located in an area of farmland of statewide importance; however, Millennium owns this parcel and it is no

longer in agricultural use. A portion of Permanent Access Road PAR-0001 is located in prime farmland.

Permanent Access Road PAR-0003 is located in farmland of statewide importance and prime farmland if

drained. A portion of Pipe / Contractor Yard 1 is located in an area of prime farmland. Pipe / Contractor

Yards 2 and 3 are both located entirely within farmland of statewide importance; however, Millennium

owns this parcel and it is no longer in agricultural use. Staging Areas 2, 3, and 4 are located in areas of

farmland of stateside importance (see Table 7A-1). Portions of the existing Ramapo M&R and Hancock

CS, as well as the new Highland CS include areas of prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance;

however, none of these areas are currently in agricultural use. The pipe / contractor yards and staging areas

will be restored to previous use post-construction and will be graded and seeded where applicable. Where

pipe / contractor yards and staging areas affect agricultural areas, these areas will be returned to agricultural

use and will be restored in accordance with the Project ECS. The majority of temporary access roads are

located within either prime farmland or farmland of statewide importance.

Prime farmland and farmland of statewide importance status for soil types in the Project areas are provided

in Table 7A-1.

7.2.2 Erosion by Water and Wind

7.2.2.1 Erosion by Water

Factors that influence the degree of erosion include soil texture, structure, length and percent of slope,

vegetative cover, and rainfall or wind intensity. Soils most susceptible to erosion by water are typified by

bare or sparse vegetative cover, non-cohesive soil particles with low infiltration rates, and moderate to steep

slopes.

The potential for soils to be eroded by water may be evaluated using the soil’s “K factor.” The K factor

represents a relative quantitative index of the susceptibility of bare soil to particle detachment and transport

by water. K factor values are primarily based upon soil texture, although organic matter content, structure

size class, and permeability are also pertinent factors (MEPAS, 2010). The higher the K factor value the

more susceptible the soil is to water erosion (MEPAS, 2010).

The potential for soils in the Project areas to be eroded by water is determined by averaging K factor values

for all soil horizons for each soil type. K factors were obtained from the USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey

(NRCS, 2016). Based on the average K factor, each soil type was grouped into a water erosion class of

“Low,” “Moderate,” and “High.” Low K values ranged from 0.02 - 0.20, moderate K values ranged from

0.20 to 0.40, and high K values ranged from 0.40 to 0.69. For map units comprised of a complex of different

soil types, the soil type with the most limiting average K factor was used to categorize the map unit into a

low, medium, or high class.

The soil erosion by water potential for soil types in the Project areas are provided in Table 7A-1.


7.2.2.2 Erosion by Wind

Wind Erodibility Groups (WEGs) are primarily based upon soil texture, clay content, and rock fragment

content. WEGs may range from 1 to 8, with 1 being the highest potential for wind erosion, and 8 the lowest.

WEG data was obtained from the USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey (NRCS, 2016). WEG data was not

available for some map units comprised of paved/developed areas, fill soils, and some wetland soils. Where

WEG data was not available, a WEG of 8 was assigned to map units comprised entirely or principally of

paved areas or wetlands, and a WEG of 5 was assigned to map units comprised of fill materials and natural

soils. This is consistent with the WEGs assigned by the NRCS to the other comparable map units in the

Project areas.

The soil erosion by wind potential for soil types in the Project areas are provided in Table 7A-1.

7.2.3 Hydric Soil and Drainage Potential

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils as soils that formed under

conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic

conditions in the upper part. The concept of hydric soils includes soils developed under sufficiently wet

conditions to support the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. Soils that are sufficiently wet

because of artificial measures are included in the definition of hydric soils. Also, soils in which the

hydrology has been artificially modified are hydric if the soil, in an unaltered state was hydric. Some series,

designated as hydric, have phases that are not hydric depending on the depth to the water table, flooding,

and ponding characteristics. Hydric soils are generally found in locations on the landscape that typically

have shallow depths to the seasonal mean high water table or locations that are subject to prolong ponding

or flooding. These locations include depressional areas, flood plains, seeps and coastal plains. Hydric soils

occurring in agricultural locations, not classified as wetlands, are typically managed through use of drain

tiles or ditches, as without artificial modification of the hydrology, crop production could not occur.

The depth to seasonal mean high water table indicates the average depth of the water table from the ground

surface. High water tables have an impact on trenching design and construction. High water tables at or

near the surface also generally coincide with the location of hydric soils, which are indicative of wetland

hydrology. Dewatering of the trench, bore pits and/or additional precautions may be necessary where the

groundwater is encountered during pipeline installation in this particular area. Impacts associated with

hydric soils often coincide with impacts associated with construction in wetlands. Since field delineated

resources are considerably more accurate than the soil surveys discussed herein, refer to Resource Report

2 for a discussion on wetlands and information on potential impacts associated with wetlands having hydric

soils and proposed mitigation for construction in these areas.

Soil drainage roughly indicates the degree, frequency, and duration of wetness. Soil drainage refers to the

frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to those under which the soil formed.

Drainage corresponds to water tables, soil wetness, landscape position and soil morphology. Drainage

determines how well the soil handles and moves rainfall, surface, and subsurface water. Well-drained soils

will not pond and will not remain soggy for long periods of time. These soils are generally the most suitable


for building sites and allow the most versatility in plant selection. Poorly drained soils have groundwater

tables within a few inches of the ground surface or even at the ground surface during wet periods of the

year. Poorly drained soils reduce the amount of infiltration.

The hydric status and drainage potential for soil types in the Project areas are provided in Table 7A-1.

7.2.4 Poor Revegetation Potential

The revegetation capabilities of a soil are based on factors such as: topsoil thickness, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness, flood hazard, soil temperature, and slope. Soils

that have a poor revegetation potential are typically areas of high seedling mortality, which if not properly

managed, may prove difficult to revegetate following construction of the Project. The revegetation

potential of the major soil types in each soil map unit was rated according to its potential for producing

domestic perennial grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soils with poor revegetation are defined as lands that

contain a capability class of three (3) or greater, a low available water capacity, and slopes greater than

8 percent.

The revegetation potential for soil types in the Project areas are provided in Table 7A-1.

7.2.5 Shallow Depth to Bedrock and Introduction of Rock into Topsoil

Introduction of rock into topsoil results in the reduction of soil quality, potential difficulty in tilling, and

damage to farm equipment. Areas of shallow depth to bedrock, characterized as areas where bedrock is

within 5 feet of the ground surface, are identified as areas that have potential to introduce rock to topsoil.

For areas where bedrock is encountered and interferes with pipeline installation, the technique used for

bedrock removal will depend on factors such as strength and hardness of rock. Millennium will attempt to

use mechanical methods, such as ripping or conventional excavation, to remove the bedrock, where

possible. If required, bedrock blasting will be conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory permit

and approval conditions to ensure that it is done in a safe manner and that nearby potable springs and water

wells are not affected.

The shallow depth to bedrock and stony/rocky soils status for soil types in the Project areas are provided in

Table 7A-1.

7.2.6 Soil Compaction

Soil compaction occurs when frequent trips by construction vehicles, equipment and machinery move over

the land. The primary effect of compacted soil is a decrease in permeability which causes increased

stormwater runoff. Factors that influence soil compaction include soil moisture, soil texture, grain size

distribution, and porosity. Construction of the Project could result in loss of soil productivity due to

compaction, or damage to soil structure from heavy equipment. Soil structural damage and compaction

could also result from pipeline construction during excessively wet periods.

The potential for soil compaction for each soil types in the Project areas are provided in Table 7A-1.


7.3 MITIGATION

Millennium has prepared its ECS to meets or exceed the BMPs identified within the FERC’s Upland

Erosion Control, Revegetation, and Maintenance Plan (FERC Plan) and Wetland and Waterbody

Construction and Mitigation Procedures, as summarized below. The ECS is provided in Appendix 1B in

Resource Report 1. Millennium will employ one or more environmental inspectors responsible for ensuring

that the construction activities are performed in accordance with the Project ECS and ensuring that erosion

controls are properly installed and maintained. The responsibilities of the environmental inspector are

outlined in the ECS in Appendix 1B.

7.3.1 Residential Areas

Where residences are located in close proximity to the edge of the construction right-of-way, Millennium

will reduce construction workspace areas as reasonably practicable to reduce inconvenience to property

owners. In residential yards, topsoil will either be conserved or imported as an alternative to topsoil

segregation and conservation. Following completion of major construction, the property will be restored

to its approximate original grade. Property restoration will be in accordance with any agreements between

Millennium and the landowner. Residential and commercial lawns will be reseeded or sodded, depending

upon the original grass variety. Shrubs and small trees on residential properties will be temporarily

transplanted and replaced, where reasonably practicable. Resource Report 8 provides additional discussion

on residential lands affected by the Project.

7.3.2 Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance

Millennium will incorporate measures from the NYSDAM pipeline construction guidance document

“Pipeline Right-of-Way Construction Projects Agricultural Mitigation, through the Stages of Planning,

Construction/Restoration and Follow-up Monitoring” (NYSDAM, 2011) (NYSDAM Plan) as applicable

into its ECS for construction in agricultural land.

Millennium will conserve topsoil in actively cultivated and rotated cropland, and improved pastureland,

and in other areas at the specific request of the landowner. In compliance with the FERC Plan and

Millennium’s ECS, at least 12 inches of topsoil will be segregated in agricultural areas where the topsoil is

greater than 12 inches deep. Topsoil removal up to a depth of 16 inches may be required in specially

designated soils encountered along the pipeline route and identified on construction drawings. Where

topsoil is less than 12 inches deep, the actual depth of the topsoil will be determined by visual inspection,

and the entire topsoil layer will be removed and segregated. Topsoil segregation will be implemented

across the entire working-side and trench spoil storage side of the construction right-of-way in agricultural

areas. Topsoil will not be removed over the existing 24-inch Millennium pipeline.

In accordance with the NYSDAM Plan the trench will be excavated to a depth sufficient to provide the

coverage required by Section 2.7 of the NYSDAM Plan (see Millennium’s ECS, Appendix 1B). Following

backfilling in agricultural land, grassland, and open land, or in specified areas, a small crown may be left

in certain areas if requested by a landowner to account for any future soil settling that might occur. Excess

soil will only be distributed in upland areas evenly on the right-of-way, while maintaining existing contours.


Millennium will work with applicable agencies and landowners in these areas to ensure that proper

restoration of any impacted agricultural area occurs, including replacement of segregated topsoil, stone

removal, and compliance with re-seeding recommendations. As of January 2016, information requests

have been sent to local NRCS service centers in the Project areas for information on soils and reseeding.

No responses have been received to date. Millennium will protect active pasture land during construction

through the installation of temporary fencing, the use of alternative locations for livestock to cross the

construction corridor, and/or developing grazing deferment plans, as negotiated with the landowner. Within

agricultural lands that will be crossed by the Project, Millennium will negotiate with and reimburse

landowners for any damages or loss to their product as a result of the construction of the proposed Project.

Millennium will continue to identify specialty crop areas, organic farms, and drainage systems through

landowner discussions and will work with landowners to mitigate impacts on these features.

Where avoidance is impracticable, Millennium will work with landowners to properly restore any affected

areas and/or drainage features. Millennium will monitor restored areas after construction and address any

problem areas, including drainage problems related to the pipeline construction.

Some of the measures that may be employed to mitigate impacts on agricultural resources are:

Preparing a Grazing Deferment Plan with landowners;

Installing construction entrances at paved road crossings in agricultural areas, with stone placed on

top of geotextile fabric. The geotextile fabric will facilitate removal of the stone during final

restoration;

Providing open trench fencing and crossings, where requested;

Repairing any impacted subsurface drains;

Segregating and stockpiling topsoil on cultivated lands;

Removing all stone and rock material 4 inches in size or larger, which has been lifted to the surface,

from all agricultural sections of the right-of-way.;

Performing subsoil decompaction and subsoil shattering;

Conducting monitoring and remediation for a period of no less than 2 years immediately following

the in-service date for the pipeline or the completion of initial right-of-way restoration, whichever

occurs last;

Conducting general monitoring and remediation measures to address topsoil thickness, rock

content, trench settling, crop production, drainage, repair of fences, etc.; and

Conducting specific monitoring and restoration measures to include compaction testing and

remedial action, where necessary, and control of soil saturations and seeps.

Subsoil will be de-compacted prior to replacement of the segregated topsoil. Decompaction activities will

be conducted only during periods of relatively low soil moisture to ensure the desired mitigation and prevent


additional subsurface compaction. Decompaction and topsoil replacement activities will not be performed

after September 30, unless approved on a site-specific basis in consultation with the landowner and

NYSDAM. Where decompaction and topsoil replacement cannot occur prior to October 1, Millennium

will stabilize the area in accordance with its ECS for spring restoration. Deep ripping of the exposed right-

of-way, rock cleanup and disposal and deep sub-soiling are required prior to final grading. Millennium will

comply with Section 3.7 of the NYSDAM Plan for subsoil decompaction in agricultural land. In

agricultural lands, subsoil compaction results will be no greater than 250 pounds per square inch for a depth

of 18 inches, as measured with a soil penetrometer, unless bedrock is encountered.

In agricultural areas, revegetation shall be considered successful if crop yields are similar to adjacent

undisturbed portions of the same field. Monitoring will be performed by Millennium for not less than two

seasons following the completion of initial restoration, or extended until restoration is deemed successful.

The monitoring will include an assessment of plant populations, general appearance, and yields appropriate

to the crops being monitored. Millennium will continue to monitor and correct problems with topsoil

replacement, soil-profile compaction, rocks, drainage and irrigation systems resulting from pipeline

construction in active agricultural areas until restoration is determined successful. Restoration will be

considered successful if the right-of-way surface condition, including the topsoil and the horizon of the

upper subsoil, is similar to adjacent undisturbed lands, construction debris is removed (unless requested

otherwise by the landowner or land managing agency), revegetation is successful, and proper drainage for

agricultural land, including the mitigation of standing water and saturation in the right-of-way, has been

restored.

7.3.3 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control

Millennium’s objective is to minimize the potential for soil erosion and sedimentation during pipeline

construction and to effectively restore and revegetate disturbed areas. Millennium will implement the

FERC Plan to establish a baseline for minimizing the potential for erosion as a result of water or wind action

and to aid in reestablishing vegetation after construction. In addition, disturbance associated with

construction activities will be minimized and mitigated through the application of BMPs that have been

incorporated into its ECS (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1).

Specialized construction methods may be used to avoid or mitigate for soil impacts along the pipeline right-

of-way. Temporary soil impacts will be limited to the pipeline right-of-way during the period of

construction and mitigated through implementation of Millennium’s ECS. These plans emphasize the use

of standard erosion control techniques to reduce the potential of erosion and the use of temporary control

measures, such as, but not limited to: slope breakers, trench breakers, sediment barriers, and re-

establishment of stabilizing vegetation. To the extent practicable, Millennium has designed the Project to

avoid locations requiring significant side-slope construction, thus minimizing impacts on soil and water

resources in locations with high erosion potential.

Following installation of the pipeline facilities, Millennium will minimize erosion by implementing

permanent restoration measures within the right-of-way and ATWS. Following restoration and clean up,


Millennium will monitor the disturbed areas to maintain temporary erosion control measures until final

stabilization is achieved.

The ECS describes the methods that will be utilized to minimize impacts on soils during construction, which

include, but are not limited to:

Minimize, to the extent reasonably practicable, the area and duration of soil exposure;

Protect critical areas by reducing the velocity of and controlling runoff;

Install and maintain erosion and sediment control measures;

Reestablish vegetation following final grading; and

Inspect the right-of-way and maintain temporary erosion and sediment controls, as necessary, until

final stabilization is achieved.

7.3.4 Hydric Soils and Soils with Poor Drainage Potential

Hydric soils and soils with poor drainage potential occur primarily within wetlands and other wet areas in

the Project areas. Millennium’s ECS has been adopted for use by Millennium and its contractors as a

guidance manual for minimizing soil disturbance and transportation of sediments off the right-of-way or

into sensitive resources including wetlands and soils with poor drainage potential during construction.

Adhering to Millennium’s ECS will avoid and minimize significant impacts on hydric soils and soils with

poor drainage potential where they occur.

For wetland crossings without standing water or saturated soils, upland construction techniques may be

used provided the top 12 inches of soil taken from the trench is stockpiled separately from the remaining

excavated material in an upland area protected with temporary erosion control measures. The construction

right-of-way may be used for access when the wetland soil is firm enough to avoid rutting or the

construction right-of-way has been appropriately stabilized to avoid rutting (e.g., with timber matting,

prefabricated equipment mats, or terra mats). In wetlands that cannot be appropriately stabilized, all

construction equipment other than that needed to install the wetland crossing shall use access roads located

in upland areas. Where access roads in upland areas do not provide reasonable access, Millennium will

limit all other construction equipment to one pass through the wetland using the construction right-of-way.

Wetland crossings in non-saturated soil will be constructed in a manner that will minimize the amount of

time construction activities are occurring in the wetland, such as the length of time the topsoil is segregated

and the trench is open.

If standing water or saturated soils are present or if construction equipment causes ruts or mixing of the

topsoil and subsoil, low- ground-weight construction equipment may be used, or normal equipment on

timber matting may be used, such as prefabricated equipment mats or terra mats. Spoil from the trench will

be used as backfill. The surface will be re-contoured as closely as reasonably practicable to the original

condition so that drainage patterns will not be materially changed. The conserved topsoil layer will be

returned to the surface after backfilling.


7.3.5 Revegetation

Millennium will coordinate with regional authorities, land management agencies and other stakeholders, as

necessary, regarding revegetation requirements. Revegetation in non-agricultural areas shall be considered

successful if upon visual survey the density and cover of non-nuisance vegetation are similar in density and

cover to adjacent undisturbed lands. If there are adverse weather conditions, the right-of-way will be

mulched in accordance with applicable regulatory agency recommendations until reseeding can resume.

The right-of-way generally will be seeded within 20 working days of final grading (10 working days in

residential areas), weather and soil conditions permitting. Disturbed areas will be seeded and mulched in

accordance with the ECS. Revegetation of Prime Farmland and Farmland of Statewide Importance is

discussed in Section 7.3.2 above.

Disturbed riparian areas will be revegetated with conservation grasses and legumes or seeds of native plant

species (see Millennium’s ECS in Appendix 1B). If necessary, Millennium will temporarily revegetate the

construction right-of-way with annual rye grass at a rate of 40 pounds/acre (unless standing water is present)

to stabilize the area until permanent seeding can be implemented. Amendments such as fertilizer and lime

will not be permitted in wetlands unless otherwise stated. Wetland revegetation will be monitored annually

for the first 3 years after construction or until wetland revegetation is successful. Revegetation would be

considered successful if the cover of native herbaceous and/or woody species is at last 80 percent of the

total area, and the diversity of native species is at least 50 percent of the diversity originally found in the

wetland. If revegetation is not successful at the end of 3 years, a remedial revegetation plan will be

developed and implemented (in consultation with a professional wetland ecologist) to actively revegetate

the wetland with native wetland herbaceous and woody plant species. Revegetation efforts will continue

until wetland revegetation is successful.

Stabilization of the soil will be necessary until vegetation is established. Temporary measures, such as

mulching, matting, or netting, may be used. If construction is completed 30 days or more prior to or after

the growing season, areas adjacent to waterbodies will be mulched, extending a minimum of 100 feet from

the banks of the waterbody.

7.3.6 Rock Material in the Topsoil

Excess rock will be removed from at least the top 12 inches of soil to the extent practicable in all residential

areas and other areas at the landowner’s request. The size, density and distribution of rock on the

construction work area should be similar to adjacent areas not disturbed by construction. Diligent efforts

will be made to remove rocks greater than 4 inches if off-construction work areas do not contain rocks

greater than 4 inches. The landowner may approve other rock size provisions in writing. Rock that is not

returned to the trench is considered construction debris, unless approved for use on the construction work

area by the landowner. All construction debris from all work areas must be removed unless the landowner

approves leaving materials onsite for beneficial reuse, stabilization, or habitat restoration.

Rock (including blasted rock) will be disposed of in one or more of the following ways to avoid the

introduction of rock into the topsoil at the completion of construction activities:


Buried on the right-of-way or in approved construction work areas, either in the ditchline or as fill

during grade cut restoration in accordance with the ECS specifications.

In cultivated/agricultural lands, Millennium will comply with Section 3.6 of the NYSDAM Plan

regarding use of rock for backfilling the trench. Excess rock will not be used for backfill within 24

inches of the anticipated final grade in mesic soils nor 30 inches from the anticipated final grade in

frigid soils. In wetlands and residential areas, rock may be backfilled only to the top of the existing

bedrock profile;

Windrowed per written landowner agreement with Millennium;

Removed and disposed of at an appropriate approved site; and

Used as riprap for stream bank stabilization, where allowed by an applicable regulatory agency(s).

7.3.7 Soil Compaction

To minimize rutting and compaction when soil moisture is high, the following BMPs may be implemented.

Restricting vehicular traffic to approved workspace locations within the construction corridor,

which will be graded and/or stabilized throughout construction (as necessary), and subject to full

grading and decompaction following construction of the Project.

When possible, reducing loads using lower ground-pressure equipment, conducting activities under

frozen ground conditions, or employing equipment ground support such as equipment mats to

minimize impacts on saturated soils.

Millennium also intends to implement measures to avoid or mitigate soil decompaction where the Project

crosses agricultural and residential land. The measures may include, but are not limited to the following.

To prevent compaction and mixing of topsoil in in all agricultural portions of the right-of-way,

topsoil will be removed from the subsoil, stockpile area, trench, construction assembly and traffic

zones, unless otherwise approved by the landowner.

To prevent compaction and mixing of topsoil in residential lands if requested by the landowner,

ditch plus spoil-side topsoil segregation would be implemented if allowed by site-specific

conditions.

Upon the completion of backfilling operations, topsoil will be placed over the graded area.

Following restoration of residential and agricultural lands, the topsoil and subsoil shall be tested

for compaction. Tests shall be conducted at intervals sufficient to determine the need for

decompaction based on the soil type.

Subsequent to soil compaction testing of restored residential and agricultural lands, right-of-way

locations found to be subject to compaction will be decompacted.


7.3.8 Contaminated Soil

A Project-specific Spill Prevention and Response Plan (SPRP) (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1)

has been developed to minimize potential contamination of soil resources from spills of hazardous

materials. The SPRP includes measures for spill prevention as well as detailed spill response procedures.

The SPRP and Millennium’s ECS (see Appendix 1B of Resource Report 1) have been provided to address

potential issues of spills and or contaminated soils. Millennium’s ECS includes an Unanticipated Discovery

of Contamination Plan that identifies measures that would be taken if pre-existing contaminated or suspect

soils (e.g., oil-stained soils) are encountered during trenching or construction.

7.4 REFERENCES

[MEPAS] – Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System. 2010. Surface-to-Air Particle

Suspension Formulations: Computed Source Term Release Model, Multimedia Environmental

Pollutant Assessment System, Soil Erodibility Factor, Section 5.3.2. Available online at:

http://mepas.pnl.gov/mepas/formulations/source_term/5_0/5_32/5_32.html.

[USDA] – U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2006. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Land Resource

Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.

[NRCS] – Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2016. Soil Survey Staff, Web Soil Survey. Accessed

for SSURGO data [January 2016]. Available online at

http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilurvey.aspx.

http://mepas.pnl.gov/mepas/formulations/source_term/5_0/5_32/5_32.html

http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilurvey.aspx

Resource Report 7 – Soils 7A-i Eastern System Upgrade

APPENDIX 7A

Supplemental Tables

TABLE 7A-1 Soil Types Impacted by the Eastern System Upgrade .................................................. 7A-1

Resource Report 7 – Soils 7A-1 Eastern System Upgrade

TABLE 7A-1 Soil Types Impacted by the Eastern System Upgrade

Map Unit

Symbol Map Unit Name

MP Start a/

MP End a/

Crossing Length (Feet) b/

Construction Acres c/

Operation Acres

Prime Farmland or Farmland of

Statewide Importance d/

WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/

Poor Revegetation Potential h/

Depth to Bedrock (inches)

i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

30-inch Huguenot Loop

OkB Oakville loamy fine sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes

0 0 b 0.14 -- All areas are

prime farmland 2 Moderate Not hydric No 201 No No Well drained

OtC Otisville gravelly sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

0 0 b 0.61 0.01 Not prime farmland

5 Low Not hydric Yes 201 Yes No Excessively drained

OtB Otisville gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes

0 0.11 297 1.60 0.48 Not prime farmland

5 Low Not hydric No 201 Yes No Excessively drained

36-inch Huguenot Loop

Be Basher fine sandy loam 0.12 0.44 1692 12.28 1.95 All areas are

prime farmland 3 Moderate Not hydric No 201 No No Moderately well drained

HoB Hoosic gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

0.35 0.35 b 0.00 -- Farmland of

statewide importance

5 Low Not hydric No 201 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained

Ba Barbour fine sandy loam 0.42 0.42 b 1.71 -- All areas are


Wd Wayland soils complex, non-calcareous substratum, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

0.42 0.42 b 0.59 -- Not prime farmland

6 Moderate Partially hydric

No 201 No No Poorly drained

Be Basher fine sandy loam 0.44 0.54 533 HDD HDD All areas are


Wd Wayland soils complex, non-calcareous substratum, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded

0.54 0.61 363 HDD HDD Not prime farmland



Be Basher fine sandy loam 0.61 0.68 381 HDD HDD All areas are


W Water 0.68 0.71 132 HDD HDD Not prime farmland

NA NA Not hydric No 201 No No

Ba Barbour fine sandy loam 0.71 0.73 68 HDD HDD All areas are


W Water 0.73 0.75 94 HDD HDD Not prime farmland


RSD Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, hilly 0.75 0.78 178 HDD HDD Not prime farmland

NA NA Not hydric Yes 0 Yes No

RSB Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, undulating 0.78 0.85 366 HDD HDD Not prime farmland

NA NA Not hydric No 0 Yes No

RSB Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, undulating 0.85 0.87 93 1.38 0.11 Not prime farmland


RSD Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, hilly 0.87 1.08 1095 5.17 1.26 Not prime farmland


SXF Swartswood and Mardin soils, very steep, very stony

1.08 1.12 219 0.70 0.25 Not prime farmland

6 Moderate Not hydric Yes 201 Yes No Well drained



SXC Swartswood and Mardin soils, sloping, very stony





Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

ErB Erie gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

1.62 1.63 b 0.02 -- Farmland of



No 201 Yes No Somewhat poorly drained

AND Arnot-Lordstown complex, moderately steep


6 Moderate Not hydric Yes 36 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained

ANC Arnot-Lordstown complex, sloping 2.01 2.12 540 2.28 0.62 Not prime farmland


drained




drained

RKC Rock outcrop-Arnot complex, sloping 2.15 2.44 1566 4.46 1.80 Not prime farmland





drained

RKC Rock outcrop-Arnot complex, sloping 2.45 2.46 b 0.02 -- Not prime farmland


ESB Erie extremely stony soils, gently sloping 2.49 2.5 94 0.20 0.11 Not prime farmland











Qu Quarries 2.69 2.69 b 0.01 -- Not prime farmland

NA NA Partially hydric

No 26 No No

MdD Mardin gravelly silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


6 Moderate Not hydric Yes 201 Yes No Moderately well drained

NaD Nassau channery silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


6 Low Not hydric Yes 46 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained


2.88 2.91 140 0.29 0.13 Farmland of




BnB Bath-Nassau channery silt loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes

2.9 2.9 b 0.05 0.01 Farmland of


6 Moderate Not hydric No 135 Yes No Well drained


2.91 2.97 b HDD HDD Farmland of



SXD Swartswood and Mardin soils, moderately steep, very stony

2.97 3.02 b HDD HDD Not prime farmland


MdB Mardin gravelly silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes



6 Moderate Not hydric No 201 Yes No Moderately well drained


3.13 3.16 b HDD HDD Not prime farmland




Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class


3.17 3.25 417 HDD HDD Farmland of




MdC Mardin gravelly silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes













ESB Erie extremely stony soils, gently sloping 3.41 3.41 13 HDD HDD Not prime farmland







3.47 3.48 b 0.05 Farmland of




3.49 3.49 b 0.12 0.01 Farmland of







ESB Erie extremely stony soils, gently sloping 3.52 3.55 b HDD HDD Not prime farmland



Ca Canandaigua silt loam 3.55 3.59 b HDD HDD Farmland of


6 High Partially hydric










3.65 3.66 69 0.31 0.05 Farmland of




3.66 3.71 267 1.03 0.21 Farmland of




3.71 3.86 768 2.72 0.88 Farmland of





Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class





3.89 3.93 216 1.11 0.25 Farmland of

































Pa Palms muck 4.33 4.4 376 HDD HDD Not prime farmland

2 NA Partially hydric

No 201 No No Very poorly drained

AC Alden extremely stony soils 4.46 4.49 166 HDD HDD Not prime farmland






AC Alden extremely stony soils 4.56 4.66 537 HDD HDD Not prime farmland



AC Alden extremely stony soils 4.66 4.68 131 0.37 0.14 Not prime farmland



BnC Bath-Nassau channery silt loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes

4.68 4.75 374 1.07 0.41 Farmland of




4.75 4.83 387 1.09 0.44 Farmland of




4.83 4.86 157 0.47 0.18 Farmland of



Ab Alden silt loam 4.86 4.94 422 0.77 0.48 Not prime farmland





Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class


4.9 4.9 b 0.53 -- Farmland of



Ab Alden silt loam 4.91 4.96 b 0.03 -- Not prime farmland



W Water 4.92 4.92 b 0.06 -- Not prime farmland


Ab Alden silt loam 4.93 4.98 b 0.22 -- Not prime farmland







4.99 5.02 192 1.10 0.25 Farmland of




5.02 5.03 255 1.25 0.47 Farmland of



ESB Erie extremely stony soils, gently sloping 5.04 5.04 b 0.00 -- Not prime farmland




5.07 5.12 237 0.80 0.27 Farmland of




5.12 5.22 568 1.40 0.65 Farmland of




Ca Canandaigua silt loam 5.22 5.25 129 0.23 0.15 Farmland of







5.42 5.51 481 1.39 0.55 Farmland of



















5.88 5.97 465 1.57 0.53 Farmland of





Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class





5.98 5.99 b 0.01 -- Farmland of




5.99 6.03 184 0.37 0.21 Farmland of







ErA Erie gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

6.31 6.35 189 0.58 0.22 Farmland of







RSF Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, very steep 6.35 6.42 354 0.83 0.38 Not prime farmland



6.37 6.4 b 0.18 0.02 Farmland of






drained





6.68 6.71 184 0.83 0.21 Farmland of




6.71 6.76 255 1.38 0.29 Farmland of




6.76 6.78 99 0.41 0.11 Farmland of








6.83 6.86 201 0.62 0.23 Farmland of








6.99 7.04 304 0.96 0.32 Farmland of



Ab Alden silt loam 6.99 7 b 0.03 -- Not prime farmland





Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class


7 7.01 b 0.06 -- Farmland of








7.08 7.11 170 0.28 0.20 Farmland of





7.11 7.16 229 0.87 0.28 Farmland of



ScA Scio silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 7.15 7.15 b 0.00 -- All areas are


ScA Scio silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 7.16 7.26 521 1.29 0.59 All areas are



7.2 7.25 b 0.38 0.03 Farmland of



My Middlebury silt loam 7.26 7.33 403 1.26 0.46 All areas are

prime farmland 5 Moderate

Partially hydric

No 201 No No Moderately well drained

RhD Riverhead sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


3 Low Not hydric Yes 201 No No Well drained

My Middlebury silt loam 7.33 7.33 b 0.01 -- All areas are

prime farmland 5 Moderate

Partially hydric

No 201 No No Moderately well drained

RhD Riverhead sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


3 Low Not hydric Yes 201 No No Well drained

CgA Castile gravelly silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

7.36 7.41 252 0.67 0.29 All areas are

prime farmland 6 Low Not hydric No 201 Yes No Moderately well drained




drained


7.45 7.5 275 0.74 0.32 Farmland of





7.5 7.54 192 0.57 0.22 Farmland of




7.54 7.6 330 1.11 0.38 Farmland of





7.56 7.57 b 0.06 -- Farmland of




7.58 7.58 b 0.05 -- Farmland of






Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class


7.61 7.61 12 0.06 0.01 Farmland of





7.61 7.64 166 0.35 0.16 Farmland of




7.64 7.66 125 0.32 0.14 Farmland of




Ma Madalin silt loam 7.66 7.77 551 1.35 0.63 Farmland of





7.77 7.77 34 0.05 0.03 Farmland of




Alternate Interconnect


7.6

N/A 0.08 0.08 Farmland of







No > 79 Yes No Somewhat poorly drained

Highland CS (New)

AlE Arnot-Lordstown complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky

N/A

N/A 1.09 0.30 Not prime farmland

5 N/A Not Hydric No 17 No No Well drained

AoC Arnot-Oquaga complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky


6 N/A Not Hydric No 17 No No Somewhat excessively

drained

LoB Lordstown silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony

N/A 14.57 5.18 All areas are

prime farmland 5 N/A Not Hydric No 28 No No Well drained

WlC Wellsboro and Wurtsboro soils, strongly sloping, extremely stony

N/A 1.17 -- Not prime farmland

5 N/A Not hydric No >79 Yes No Moderately well drained

Highland CS PAR

AlC Arnot-Lordstown complex, 0 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky

N/A



AlE Arnot-Lordstown complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky



CsC Cheshire channery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, stony



6 Low Not hydric No >79 Yes No Well drained

LoB Lordstown silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony


prime farmland 5 N/A Not hydric No 28 No No Well drained

SeB Scriba and Morris loams, gently sloping, rubbly


5 N/A Partially hydric

No >79 No No Somewhat poorly drained



Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

VaC Valois gravelly sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes



5 N/A Not hydric Yes >79 No No Well drained

WIC Wellsboro and Wurtsboro soils, strongly sloping, extremely stony


5 N/A Not hydric No >79 Yes No Moderately well drained

Hancock CS

LdE Lackawanna and Bath soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony

N/A


6 Moderate Not hydric Yes >79 Yes No Well drained

MnC Mongaup channery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes

0.02 -- Farmland of


6 Low Not hydric Yes 71 Yes No Well drained

MrB Morris flaggy silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

N/A 1.33 -- Farmland of




OrC Oquaga, Lordstown, and Arnot soils, 2 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky



OrE Oquaga, Lordstown, and Arnot soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky

0.04 -- Not prime farmland


WeB Wellsboro channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes



6 Moderate Not hydric No >79 Yes No Moderately well drained

Hancock CS PAR

MrB Morris flaggy silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes

N/A





OrC Oquaga, Lordstown, and Arnot soils, 2 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky



WeB Wellsboro channery silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes



6 Moderate Not hydric No >79 Yes No Moderately well drained

Pig Launcher / Receiver (MP 0.1)


0.1


5 Low Not hydric No > 79 Yes No Excessively drained

Be Basher fine sandy loam N/A 0.13 0.13 All areas are

prime farmland 3 Moderate Not hydric No > 79 No No Moderately well drained

Huguenot M&R


0





5 Low Not hydric Yes > 79 Yes No Excessively drained



Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

Westtown M&R


7.75





Ma Madalin silt loam N/A 0.12 0.12 Farmland of



No > 79 No No Poorly drained

Ramapo M&R

CeC Charlton fine sandy, 8 to 15 percent slopes

N/A



3 Moderate Not hydric Yes > 79 No No Well drained

CkD Charlton-Rock outcrop complex, hilly N/A 1.85 1.14 Not prime farmland

3 Moderate Not hydric Yes >79 No No Well drained

HcC Hinckley loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes


2 N/A Not hydric Yes >79 No No Excessively drained

Ramapo M&R ATWS

CeB Charlton fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

N/A

N/A 0.11 -- All areas are

prime farmland 3 Moderate Not hydric No >79 No No Well drained

Ra Rippowam sandy loam N/A 0.93 -- Farmland of


3 Low Partially hydric

No >79 No No Poorly drained

Ramapo M&R PAR

CeB Charlton fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes

N/A


prime farmland 3 Moderate Not hydric No >79 No No Well drained

CeC Charlton fine sandy, 8 to 15 percent slopes N/A 0.70 0.70 Farmland of


3 Moderate Not hydric Yes >79 No No Well drained

Wagoner Interconnect


N/A N/A 2.22 2.22 Not prime farmland


Wagoner PAR (PAR-0004)

ANC Arnot-Lordstown complex, sloping

N/A



drained

RKC Rock outcrop-Arnot complex, sloping N/A 0.24 0.24 Not prime farmland





Pipeyard-Contractor Yard-1

Be Basher fine sandy loam

0.1











Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class



7.6





Ma Madalin silt loam N/A 3.25 -- Farmland of






7.6
















0






Staging Area-2


4.8








Staging Area-3


7.7









Staging Area-4

Ma Madalin silt loam 7.8 N/A 1.56 -- Farmland of






Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class











PAR-0001


0.1






PAR-0002


0






PAR-002A


0 N/A 0.09 0.09 Not prime farmland


PAR-0003


7.6













Ma Madalin silt loam N/A 0.98 0.98 Farmland of




RbA Rhinebeck silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes N/A 0.27 0.27 Prime farmland if

drained 6 High

Partially hydric

No 201 No No Somewhat poorly drained

TAR-0001


0 N/A 0.04 -- Not prime farmland


TAR-0002


0.4











Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

TAR-0003


0.9



RSD Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, hilly N/A 0.24 -- Not prime farmland

N/A N/A Not hydric Yes 0 Yes No

TAR-0004


2.9



drained





TAR-0005


3.9



6 Moderate Not hydric No > 79 Yes No Moderately well drained



6 Moderate Not hydric Yes > 79 Yes No Moderately well drained

ESB Erie extremely stony soils, gently sloping N/A 0.09 -- Not prime farmland







TAR-0006


4.8








Ab Alden silt loam N/A 0.15 -- Not prime farmland


No > 79 No No Very poorly drained





TAR-0007


7.2












5 Low Not hydric No > 79 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained



Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

HoD Hoosic gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes


5 Low Not hydric Yes > 79 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained




ScA Scio silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes N/A 0.05 -- All areas are


TAR-0008


7.8









TAR-0009


0.9



RSB Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, undulating N/A 0.04 -- Not prime farmland


RSD Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, hilly N/A 0.02 -- Not prime farmland


TAR-0010

RSD Rock outcrop-Nassau complex, hilly 0.9 N/A 0.02 -- Not prime farmland


TAR-0011


0.3



Fd Fredon loam N/A 0.04 -- Prime farmland if

drained 5 Moderate

Partially hydric





5 Low Not hydric No > 79 Yes No Somewhat excessively

drained







TAR-0012

Ba Barbour fine sandy loam

0









a/ Approximate milepost along the proposed Huguenot Loop. b/ These soil polygons within the pipeline construction area do not cross the pipeline centerline. The closest milepost to the soil polygon is identified as the Start and End MP. c/ Pipeline acres excludes the area between HDD entry and exit points. Includes all areas to be disturbed by construction of the Project (ATWS, TWS, permanent easement, and facility operation area).



Map Unit


MP Start a/

MP End a/



Operation Acres



WEG e/ K factor

f/ Hydric g/



i/

Stony Rocky Soil j/

Compaction Prone k/

Drainage Class

d/ Prime farmland includes soils designated as prime farmland by the NRCS if drained and/or irrigated and/or reclaimed of excess salts and sodium (SSURGO reference column “farmlndcl”). e/ WEGs obtained from the NRCS Soil Data Mart. WEGs range from 1 to 8, with 1 being the highest potential for wind erosion, and 8 the lowest. Highly wind erodible soils include those in wind erodibility groups 1 or 2 (SSURGO reference column "weg"). f/ Water erosion potential was determined by averaging the K factor values of horizons of each soil type. Based on the average K factor, each soil type was grouped into a water erosion class of “Low”, “Moderate”, and “High”. Highly water erodibile soils include those

with water classified as highly erodible land. g/ “Urban Land” and “Udorthents” map units do not have a NRCS designated hydric soil status. These map units were considered to be non-hydric soils. Map units comprised of complexes of hydric and non-hydric soil types were considered to be partially hydric. h/ Soils with poor revegetation potential are defined as lands that contain a capability class of three (3) or greater, a low available water capacity, and slopes greater than 8 percent. i/ Depth to bedrock is not defined by the NRCS for the “Pavement and Buildings” map unit. In these cases, a depth to bedrock of >60” was assigned, which is consistent with NRCS designations for other natural and fill soils in the Project area. Shallow bedrock include

those that have lithic or paralithic bedrock within 60 inches or less of the soil surface (SSURGO and STATSGO reference column “rescind” and “resdept_r”). j/ Stony/Rocky soils include those with a cobbley, stony, bouldery, shaly, channery, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly modifier to the textural class of the surface layer and/or that have a surface layer that contains greater than 5 percent by weight rock fragments

larger than 3 inches. k/ Compaction potential was determined by texture and drainage class. High compaction-prone soils are those with clay loam or finer texture, and somewhat poor, poor, and very poor drainage class (SSURGO reference column “texcl” and “drainagecl”).

Resource Report 7 – Soils 7B-i Eastern System Upgrade

APPENDIX 7B

Figures

FIGURE 7B-1 Soils Crossed by the Eastern System Upgrade

14 Gabriel DriveAugusta, ME 04330

Sources: Millennium, ESRI, TRC, USDA SSURGO, Basemap imagery: USDA NAIP 2015 5m

Soils Crossed by theEastern System Upgrade

V:\PRO

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")

Hancock CS

HancockCS PAR

Ff

MnC

WmB

WmB

HcC

OrE

WmC

MsB MsB

Ff

WeB WmC

WeC

OrF

CaF

WeC

MnB

De

OrF

WeB

MsB

HcE

WMnC

MrB

OrEMnC

LdE

LaE

HcC

LaD

OrEOrE

LaD

MrBHcC

WeC

LdC

LoC

LaD

W

HcE

HcF

MnB

OrC

HcE

OrE

CaF

Town of Hancock

Delaware County

")")Hancock CS

Hancock CS

(Existing)Page 1

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K0 500 1,000

Feet

Date c

reated

: 2016

July 2

6

") Existing Compressor Station (Modifications)Potential Access RoadExisting Millennium PipelineOperation AreaTemporary WorkspaceAdditional Temporary WorkspacePermanent Access RoadTemporary Access RoadContractor and PipeyardStaging AreaSSURGOCounty BoundaryTown Boundary

Page 1 of 11

1 MileKK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

1:6,000




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")

Highland CS

Highland PAR

Ce

Ne

VaDW

LrC

VaB

Ne

VaB

SeB

SwE

VaC

VaB

AlE

ScA

WlC

SwE

AlC

VaB

ArE

ArE

SeB

VaD

SeB

AlE

AoCWlC

Ne

WlC

VaD

AlC

SeB

WeC

WeC

AlC

WlC

Ad

MrB

Wd

AoE

W

W

SeB

W

MrB

WeB

OeB

AlE

LoBScA

CsC

WuB

VaC

Bs

CsC

CsC

SeB

VaD

WeB

Ca

WlC

WlC

WlC

WlC

Town of Highland

Sullivan County

")

Highland CS

Page 2

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K0 500 1,000

Feet

Date c

reated

: 2016

July 2

6

") Compressor (Proposed)Potential Access RoadExisting Millennium PipelineOperation AreaTemporary WorkspaceAdditional Temporary WorkspacePermanent Access RoadTemporary Access RoadContractor and PipeyardStaging AreaSSURGOCounty BoundaryTown Boundary

Page 2 of 11

1 MileKK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

1:6,000




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XWWagoner Interconnect

PAR-0004

ESB

AND

SXD SXCAC

ANC

AC

ANC

ESB

RKC

HH

W

AC

ESB

WuC

ANC

AC

WuBW

ANC

SXC

SXC SXC

Pb

Cf

ANC

Town of Deerpark

Orange County

!!

!!

!.

XW

Wagoner

Interconnect

Page 3

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K

0 500 1,000

Feet

Date c

reated

: 2016

July 2

6

XW Interconnect (Modifications)Potential Access RoadExisting Millennium PipelineOperation AreaTemporary WorkspaceAdditional Temporary WorkspacePermanent Access RoadTemporary Access RoadContractor and PipeyardStaging AreaSSURGOCounty BoundaryTown Boundary

Page 3 of 11

1 Mile

KK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

1:6,000




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_11x17

L.mxd

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

Huguenot MR

Pipe and

Contractor Yard-1

Pipe and

Contractor Yard-4

TAR-0001

TAR-0010

PAR-0002

PAR-0002A

TAR-0009

PAR-0001

TAR-0012

TAR-0011

TAR-0002

TAR-0003

0.5

0.9

0.1 1.10.7

0.3

0

0.4

1

0.2

1.2

0.8

0.6

RSD

Ma

RSB

OtB

OtB

OtC

CgB

Ba

OtC

OtC

Ba

SwB

OtC

HoC

BaBe

Wd

OtB

Be

UF

Sb

Ba

OtC

HoA

RSF

OkA

Ha

CgA

OtBOtC

Ba

OtB

SXC

SXC

SXC

W

OtB

OtC

Be

Pg Wd

HoA

OtB

SXF

HoB

OkB

OkB

OkA

SwB

Fd

RKF

RKF

HoB

Pag

e 5

Pag

e 5

Pag

e 6

Town of Deerpark

Orange County

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!!.

XW

Huguenot M&R

Wagoner

Interconnect

23

0

1

Page 5

Page 6

Page 7

Page 3

Page 4

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K0 500 1,000

Feet

Date c

reated

: 2016

July 2

6

!! Milepost (0.1 mile)Proposed LoopPotential Access RoadExisting Millennium PipelineOperation AreaTemporary WorkspaceAdditional Temporary WorkspacePermanent Access RoadTemporary Access RoadContractor and PipeyardStaging AreaSSURGOAdjacent Page

County BoundaryTown Boundary

Page 4 of 11

1 MileKK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

1:6,000




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!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

Huguenot MR

Pipe and

Contractor Yard-1

TAR-0001

TAR-0010

PAR-0002

PAR-0002A

TAR-0009

PAR-0001

TAR-0011

TAR-0002

TAR-0003

0.5

0.9

0.1

1.1

0.7

0.3

0

0.4

1

0.2

0.8

0.6

RSD

RSB

OtB

OtCOtC

Ba

OtC

Ba

Ba

Be

Wd

Ba

Be

SwB

OtC

Be

RSF

Ca

OkA

Ha

OtC

Wd

Ba

OtB

Ba

W

W

RSB

WuC

Be

SXF

HoB

OkBOkB

OkA

SwB

Fd

Page 6

Pag

e 4

Pag

e 4

Town of Deerpark

Orange County

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!.

XW

Huguenot M&R

0

1

Page 5

Page 6

Page 4

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K

0 500 1,000

Feet

Date c

reated

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July 2

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Page 5 of 11

1 Mile

KK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

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!!

!!

!!

!!!!

!!

!!

!! !!

!!

!! !!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!!!!!

!!

TAR-0003

1.9

0.9

1.3

1.1

1.51.7 2.4

2 2.2

1.41.8

1

1.2

1.62.32.1 2.5

W

RSD

RSD

ANC

MdB

RKC

MdB

RSF

ESB

RSB

W

W

ErB

W

SXC

RKC

MdB

W

BnB

MdD

SXF

SwBSwB

AND

AND

Pag

e 5

Pag

e 7

Pag

e 4

Town of Deerpark

Town of Greenville

Orange County

!!

!!

!!!!

!!

!!!.

Huguenot M&R

2

3

4

0

1

Page 5

Page 6

Page 7Page 8Page 4

!.

")

")

!.!.

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XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

K0 500 1,000

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Date c

reated

: 2016

July 2

6

!! Milepost (0.1 mile)Proposed LoopPotential Access RoadOperation AreaTemporary WorkspaceAdditional Temporary WorkspacePermanent Access RoadTemporary Access RoadContractor and PipeyardStaging AreaSSURGOAdjacent PageCounty Boundary

Town Boundary

Page 6 of 11

1 MileKK 50 Mile

Figure 7B-1

1:6,000




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!!!!

!!

!!!! !!

!!

!!

!!

!!!!

!!!!

!! !!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

TAR-0005TAR-0004

2.4

2.8 3.83.2

32.6

3.4 3.62.9

3.3

3.93.1

2.5

3.7

2.7

3.5

MdC

ESB

BnB

ESB

MdC

MdC

ErB

ErB

RSD

RSF

ESB

HoB

ErABnC

MdCCa

SXC

RSB

MdB

BnC

MdD

SXC

MdD

ANC

MdB

Qu

UF

MdB

RSB

MdB

ESBBnB

MdB

RSB

HoB

BnB

SXC

ESB MdCNaD

ErB

W

RSB

Ha

MdB

WMdB

ErB

MdB

Pa

RSD

ErB

Cd

MdD

RKC

W

MdB

BnB

SXD

MdD

MdC

AbAND

AND

Pag

e 6

Pag

e 8

Town of Greenville

Orange County

!!!!!!

!!

!!

!! !!!.

Huguenot M&R

2 35

4

01

Page 5

Page 6

Page 7

Page 8

Page 9Page 4

!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

CT

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July 2

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Town Boundary

Page 7 of 11

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Figure 7B-1

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!!!!

!!!!

!!

!!

!!!!

!!

!!

!!

!!

!!!!

!!

!!

!! !!!!

!!

STAGINGAREA-2

TAR-0006

TAR-0005

5.2

4.2

4.8 54

4.6

4.4 4.7

5.3

4.3

3.95.1

4.9

4.1

4.5

MdD

MdB

SXC

MdB

ESB MdC

W

MdD

Ab

MdC

MdC

MdB

Ab

ErB

Ca

RSDBnB

BnC

W

ErA

ESB

SXC

Pa

MdC

ESB

ESB

ErA

ErAErA

ErB

SXC

ErB

Ab

RbA

MdC

MdB

SwC

MdB

MdB

BnB

RSD

SXC MdD

AC

SwB

MdB

MdB

MdB

MdC

NaDErB

SXC

BnC

AC

MdC

ESB

Ab

Page 7

Pag

e 7

Pag

e 9

Town of Greenville

Orange County

!!

!!

!!!!

!!!!!!

!.

6

7

23

54Page 6

Page 7Page 8

Page 9

Page 10!.

")

")

!.!.

XW")

XW

")

NY

PA

NJ

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Resource Report 7 – Soils 7C-i Eastern System Upgrade

APPENDIX 7C

Soil Series Descriptions

Resource Report 7 – Soils 7C-1 Eastern System Upgrade

SOIL SERIES DESCRIPTIONS

Soils map unit descriptions and their associated map unit symbols (shown in parentheses) are listed below.

Alden silt loam (Ab) (Ad)

The Alden series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils in depressions and low areas on upland

till Plains. The soils formed in loamy till with an 18 to 40-inch thick mantle of local depositional material

Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the surface layer and low to moderately high

in the subsoil and substratum. The soils are very poorly drained with a negligible or very low potential for

surface runoff. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the surface layer and low to

moderately high in the subsoil and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent.

Alden extremely stony soils (AC)

The Alden series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils in depressions and low areas on upland

till Plains. The soils formed in loamy till with an 18 to 40-inch thick mantle of local depositional material

Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the surface layer and low to moderately high

in the subsoil and substratum. The soils are very poorly drained with a negligible or very low potential for

surface runoff. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the surface layer and low to

moderately high in the subsoil and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent.

Arnot-Lordstown complex (AlC) (AlE) (ANC) (AND)

The Arnot series consists of shallow, somewhat excessively to moderately well drained soils. Arnot soils

developed in a thin mantle of till of Wisconsin age. The till is derived mainly from acid sandstone, siltstone,

and shale but in some places ranges to include quartzite and conglomerate. In some places the regolith is a

mixture of till and residuum. Bedrock is at depths of to 10 to 20 inches. Slope ranges from 0 to 80 percent.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity in the mineral soil is moderately high or high.

The Lordstown series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils formed in till and cryoturbated

material derived from siltstone and sandstone on bedrock controlled landforms of glaciated dissected

plateaus. They are nearly level to very steep soils on hillsides and hilltops in glaciated bedrock controlled

uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 90 percent. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high and the

permeability is moderate throughout the soil.

Arnot-Oquaga complex (AoC)







The Oquaga series consists of moderately deep, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in a thin mantle

of reddish till with lithology dominated by the local and underlying reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

on nearly level to very steep uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. Permeability is moderate.

Barbour fine sandy loam (Ba)

The Barbour series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in recent alluvial deposits derived from

areas of acid, reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale. They are nearly level or gently sloping soils on convex

or plane flood plains, alluvial fans, and low terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. The potential for

surface runoff is medium to low and permeability is moderate in the A horizon, moderately rapid in the B

horizon, and rapid in the C horizon.

Basher fine sandy loam (Be)

The Basher series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in alluvium derived mainly

from acid, reddish sandstone, siltstone and shale in both glaciated and residual areas. They are nearly level

soils on flood plains. Permeability is moderate in the A horizon and B horizon, and moderate or moderately

slow in the upper part of the C horizon, and moderate or moderately rapid in the lower part. The potential

for surface runoff is low and slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Bath-Nassau channery silt loams (BnB) (BnC)

The Bath series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in till. They are nearly level to steep soils

on glaciated uplands. The soils formed in loamy till derived largely from gray and brown siltstone,

sandstone and shale. A fragipan is at a depth of 66 to 97 centimeters (26 to 38 inches) below the soil

surface. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent and the soil is generally well drained. The potential for surface

runoff is medium to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil

above the fragipan and low or moderately low in and below the fragipan.

The Nassau series (NaD) consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in till. They are

nearly level to very steep soils on bedrock controlled glacially modified landforms. Bedrock is at a depth

of 10 to 20 inches and the slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. They formed in material derived mainly from

local slate or shale similar to that of the R horizon. The soil is somewhat excessively drained and the

potential for surface runoff is medium to very high. Permeability throughout the soil is moderate to

moderately rapid.

Canandaigua silt loam (Ca)

The Canandaigua series consists of very deep, poorly and very poorly drained soils formed in silty glacio-

lacustrine sediments. These soils are mainly on glacial lake plains, but are also in depressional areas of

glaciated uplands where water-sorted sediments have accumulated to a depth of more than 40 inches. These

soils are poorly and very poorly drained with low or ponded potential for surface runoff. Permeability is

moderate in the surface layer, moderate or moderately slow in the subsoil, and moderately slow and

substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.


Castile gravelly silt loam (CgA)

The Castile series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in gravelly outwash deposits.

They are nearly level to sloping soils on glacial outwash plains, valley trains, kames, and eskers. The soils

formed in water-sorted gravelly and sandy material high in gray sandstone, shale and siltstone with lesser

amounts of limestone and igneous erratics. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high

in the mineral solum and high to very high in the substratum. The potential for surface runoff is low and

slope ranges from 0 through 15 percent.

Charlton fine sandy loam (CeB, CeC)

The Charlton series consists of very deep, well drained loamy soils formed in till derived from parent

materials that are very low in iron sulfides. They are nearly level to very steep soils on moraines and hills,

and ridges. The soils formed in acid melt-out till derived from parent materials that are very low in sulfur,

mainly from schist, gneiss, or granite. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity

is moderately high or high.

Charlton-Rock outcrop complex (CkD)

The Charlton series consists of very deep, well drained loamy soils formed in till derived from parent

materials that are very low in iron sulfides. They are nearly level to very steep soils on moraines and hills,

and ridges. The soils formed in acid melt-out till derived from parent materials that are very low in sulfur,

mainly from schist, gneiss, or granite. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity

is moderately high or high.

Cheshire channery loam (CsC)

The Cheshire series consists of very deep, well drained loamy soils formed in supraglacial till on upland

till plains and hills. They are nearly level through very steep soils formed in acid glacial till derived mostly

from reddish sandstone, shale, and conglomerate with some basalt. Slope ranges from 0 through 60 percent.

Surface runoff is medium to rapid and saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high

throughout.

Erie gravelly silt loam (ErA) (ErB)

The Erie series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loamy till. They have a

fragipan layer starting at depths of 10 to 21 inches below the soil surface. These soils are of uniform slope,

and are on footslopes and broad divides in glaciated uplands. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan,

and slow in the fragipan and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. These soils formed in till of

Wisconsin age derived from siltstone, sandstone, shale, and some limestone. These soils are at elevations

between 1,100 and 1,800 feet. Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to very

high. The permeability of these soils is moderate above the fragipan, and slow in the fragipan and

substratum.


Erie extremely stony soils (ESB)

The Erie series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loamy till. They have a

fragipan layer starting at depths of 10 to 21 inches below the soil surface. These soils are of uniform slope,

and are on footslopes and broad divides in glaciated uplands. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan,

and slow in the fragipan and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. These soils formed in till of

Wisconsin age derived from siltstone, sandstone, shale, and some limestone. These soils are at elevations

between 1,100 and 1,800 feet. Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to very

high. The permeability of these soils is moderate above the fragipan, and slow in the fragipan and

substratum.

Fredon Loam (Fd)

The Fredon series consists of poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils with slopes zero to three

percent. They are located on valley trains and terraces. The parent material consists of loamy over sandy

and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits. Depth to root restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. Water

movement in the most restrictive layer is moderately high. Available water to a depth of 60 inches (or

restricted depth) is low. Shrink-swell potential is low. This soil is occasionally flooded. It is not ponded.

This soil meets hydric criteria.

Halcott, Mongaup, and Vly soils (HcF, MnC)

The Halcott series consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in till. They are nearly

level to very steep soils on glaciated bedrock controlled uplands. They formed in a thin mantle of till

derived from reddish, acid sandstone, siltstone and shale. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid

throughout. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high in these soils.

The Mongaup series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils formed in till derived from sandstone,

siltstone and shale. They are nearly level through very steep soils on hillsides and hilltops and formed in

acid till on bedrock controlled uplands. Depth to hard bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. Slope ranges from 0 to

70 percent.

The Vly series consists of moderately deep, well drained or somewhat excessively drained soils. These

soils are on bedrock controlled till uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. These soils formed in

reddish till that is derived from reddish sandstone, siltstone and shale. The potential for surface runoff

ranges from very low through very high, but is typically medium through very high in these soils and

saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high throughout.

Hinckley loamy sand (HrC)

The Hinckley series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils formed in glaciofluvial materials. They

are nearly level through very steep soils on outwash terraces, outwash plains, outwash deltas, kames, kame

terraces, and eskers. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high. Slope ranges from 0 to 60

percent.


Hoosic gravelly sandy loam (HoB, HoC, HoD)

The Hoosic series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in glacial outwash.

They are nearly level to undulating soils on glacial outwash plains and valley trains and related terraces,

kames, eskers, and water sorted parts of moraines. The soils formed in water-sorted sandy and gravelly

material containing varying proportions of sandstone, shale, phyllite and slate. The potential for surface

runoff ranges from low to high and permeability is moderately rapid or rapid in the solum and very rapid

in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent.

Lackawanna and Bath soils (LdE)

The Lackawanna series consists of very deep, well drained soils on nearly level to steep glaciated uplands.

They formed in till derived from reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale. A dense fragipan is present starting

at a depth of 43 to 91 centimeters (17 to 36 inches) below the soil surface. Slope ranges from 0 to 55

percent. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high in these soils and saturated hydraulic

conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil above the fragipan and low or moderately low

in and below the fragipan.

The Bath series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in till. They are nearly level to steep soils

on glaciated uplands. The soils formed in loamy till derived largely from gray and brown siltstone,

sandstone and shale. A fragipan is at a depth of 66 to 97 centimeters (26 to 38 inches) below the soil

surface. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent and the soil is generally well drained. The potential for surface

runoff is medium to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil

above the fragipan and low or moderately low in and below the fragipan.

Lordstown silt loam (LoB)






Madalin silt loam (Ma)

The Madalin series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils on lake plains and depressions in the uplands.

They formed in glacial lake sediments, on lake plains and in depressions in the uplands. Saturated hydraulic

conductivity is moderately low or moderately high to low throughout the soil. Slope ranges from 0 to 3

percent and their elevation ranges from 70 to 550 meters above sea level. Elevation ranges from 70 to 550

meters above sea level. These soils are poorly drained and the potential for surface runoff is negligible to

very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low or moderately high in the surface and

subsurface to moderately low or low in the subsoil and substratum.


Mardin gravelly silt loam (MdB, MdC, MdD)

The Mardin series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on glaciated uplands, mostly on

broad hilltops, shoulder slopes and backslopes. These soils formed in loamy till, and have a dense fragipan

that starts at a depth of 36 to 66 centimeters (14 to 26 inches) below the soil surface. Slope ranges from 0

to 50 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral surface layer,

subsurface layer, and upper part of the subsoil; and low or moderately low in the lower part of the subsoil

and the substratum. The soils are moderately well drained with a seasonal water table typically at a depth

of 36 to 61 centimeters below the soil surface. The potential for surface runoff is medium to high.

Middlebury silt loam (My)

The Middlebury series consists of very deep, moderately well drained nearly level soils formed in recent

alluvium. These are level and nearly level soils on flood plains and second bottomlands, and on some

alluvial fans in sites where water tables are high part of the year. The soils formed in post glacial alluvium

predominantly from areas of shale and sandstone with some lime bearing material. Permeability is

moderate in the surface layer, subsoil and upper part of the substratum, and rapid or moderately rapid in the

lower part of the substratum. The potential for surface runoff is very low to very high and the soil is

moderately well drained. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent.

Morris flaggy silt loam (MrB)

The Morris series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in till from red sandstone,

siltstone, and shale. They have a dense fragipan layer from 10 to 22 inches that restricts root penetration

and water movement. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately

high or high above the fragipan and is low or moderately low in the fragipan and substratum.

Nassau channery silt loam (NaD)

The Nassau series consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in till. They are nearly

level to very steep soils on bedrock controlled glacially modified landforms. Bedrock is at a depth of 10 to

20 inches and the slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. They formed in material derived mainly from local

slate or shale similar to that of the R horizon. The soil is somewhat excessively drained and the potential

for surface runoff is medium to very high. Permeability throughout the soil is moderate to moderately

rapid.

Oakville loamy fine sand (OkB)

The Oakville series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils formed in sandy eolian deposits on

dunes and beach ridges on outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 60 percent.

The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low and saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very

high in these soils. Permeability is rapid. These soils are droughty and require water irrigation to

successfully grow most crops. Some areas on low stream terraces are rarely flooded.


Oquaga, Lordstown, and Arnot soils (OrC, OrE)

The Oquaga series consists of moderately deep, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in a thin mantle

of reddish till with lithology dominated by the local and underlying reddish sandstone, siltstone, and shale

on nearly level to very steep uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. Permeability is moderate.











Otisville gravelly sandy loam (OtB) (OtC)

The Otisville series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils in Wisconsinan age outwash and are on

long narrow ridges, summits, shoulders and sideslopes on terraces, kames and eskers on outwash plains,

and on beaches and offshore bars on lake plains. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to

low and permeability is rapid in the solum and rapid or very rapid in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0

to 60 percent.

Palms Muck (Pa)

The Palms series consist of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in herbaceous organic materials 41

to 130 cm (16 to 51 inches) thick and the underlying loamy deposits in closed depressions on moraines,

lake plains, till plains, outwash plains, and hillside seep areas, and on backswamps of flood plains. The

soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. Depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table

ranges from 30 centimeters (1 foot) above the surface to 30 centimeters (1 foot) below the surface between

November and May in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic

conductivity is moderately high or high in the organic material and moderately high in the loamy material.

Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent.

Raynham silt loam (Ra)

The Raynham series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in silty estuarine or

glaciolacustrine deposits on glacial lake plains and marine terraces. They are in depressions and

drainageways and on side slopes of swells and knolls. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high

or high in the solum and moderately low or moderately high in the substratum. The soils are poorly drained

with a high or very high potential for surface runoff. Slope ranges from 0 through 12 percent.


Rhinebeck silt loam (RbA)

The Rhinebeck component makes up 75 percent of the map unit. Slopes are zero to three percent. This

component is on proglacial lake plains. The parent material consists of clayey and silty glaciolacustrine

deposits. Depth to a root restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. The natural drainage class is somewhat

poorly drained. Water movement in the most restrictive layer is moderately low. Available water to a

depth of 60 inches (or restricted depth) is moderate. Shrink-swell potential is moderate. This soil is not

flooded. It is not ponded. A seasonal zone of water saturation is at 12 inches during January, February,

March, April, and May. This soil does not meet hydric criteria.

Riverhead sandy loam (RhD)

The Riverhead series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in glacial outwash deposits derived

primarily from granitic materials. They are on outwash plains, valley trains, beaches, and water-sorted

moraines. The soils developed in 50 to 100 centimeters of water-sorted sandy loam or fine sandy loam

relatively low in gravel content over stratified gravel and sand. Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent slopes.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the solum and very high in the substratum. The soil is well

drained and has low to medium potential for surface runoff. In pedons that have a loamy substratum,

permeability of the substratum below 100 centimeters is rapid.

Rock outcrop-Arnot complex (RKC)






Rock outcrop-Nassau complex (RSD) (RSB) (RSF)

The Nassau series consists of shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in till. They are nearly

level to very steep soils on bedrock controlled glacially modified landforms. Bedrock is at a depth of 10 to

20 inches and the slope ranges from 0 to 70 percent. They formed in material derived mainly from local

slate or shale similar to that of the R horizon. The soil is somewhat excessively drained and the potential

for surface runoff is medium to very high. Permeability throughout the soil is moderate to moderately

rapid.

Scio silt loam (ScA)

The Scio series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in eolian, lacustrine, or alluvial

sediments dominated by silt and very fine sand. They are on terraces, old alluvial fans, lake plains, outwash

plains and lakebeds. The soil is moderately well drained and the potential for surface runoff is very low to

high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high to a depth of 100 centimeters and ranges

from moderately low through very high below 100 centimeters. Slope ranges from 0 through 25 percent.


Scriba and Morris loams (SeB)

The Scriba series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in glacial till dominated by

red and gray sandstone, with less and variable components of limestone and shale. These soils are on till

plains and slightly concave areas between drumlins. They have a dense fragipan layer that restricts root

penetration and water movement. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The potential for surface runoff is

low or medium in these soils and permeability above the fragipan is moderate and in the fragipan and

substratum it is slow.

The Morris series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in till from red sandstone,

siltstone, and shale. They have a dense fragipan layer from 25 to 56 cm (10 to 22 in) that restricts root

penetration and water movement. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is

moderately high or high above the fragipan and is low or moderately low in the fragipan and substratum.

Swartswood and Mardin very stony soils (SXC) (SXD) (SXF)

The Swartswood series consists of deep and very deep, well drained and moderately well drained soils

formed in till derived primarily from gray and brown quartzite, conglomerate, and sandstone. Stones and

boulders are common surface features in wooded areas. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Saturated

hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil above the fragipan and moderately

low or moderately high in the fragipan. Surface runoff is slow to rapid in these soils and they tend to be

well drained to moderately well drained.

The Mardin (MdB, MdC, MdD) series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on glaciated

uplands, mostly on broad hilltops, shoulder slopes and backslopes. These soils formed in loamy till, and

have a dense fragipan that starts at a depth of 36 to 66 centimeters (14 to 26 inches) below the soil surface.

Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the

mineral surface layer, subsurface layer, and upper part of the subsoil; and low or moderately low in the

lower part of the subsoil and the substratum. The soils are moderately well drained with a seasonal water

table typically at a depth of 36 to 61 centimeters below the soil surface. The potential for surface runoff is

medium to high.

Valois gravelly sandy loam (VaC) (VaD)

The Valois series consists of very deep, well drained soils typically on complex slopes characteristic of end

or lateral moraines. Some landforms are congeliturbate covered or till covered valley terraces. Slope ranges

from 0 to 60 percent. They formed in till dominated by material from sandstone and siltstone or shale with

some slate or phyllite and typically have a small component of material from calcareous rocks. The till

commonly is calcareous at depths greater than 12 feet. Fluvial sorting in the substratum commonly results

in weak stratification and the rooting zone is rarely saturated during the growing season. The potential for

surface runoff is negligible to very high and permeability is moderate to rapid.


Wayland silt loam (Wd)

The Wayland series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained, nearly level soils formed

in recent alluvium. These soils are on nearly level or depressed parts of flood plains of streams receiving

runoff from uplands that contain some calcareous drift. They are mainly in or bordering areas of Wisconsin

glaciation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil and an apparent

water table is at the surface or to a depth of 15 centimeters (0.5 feet) below the surface with occasional

ponding. Slope ranges from 0 through 3 percent.

Wellsboro and Wurtsboro soils (WeB) (WlC)

The Wellsboro series consists of very deep moderately well and somewhat poorly drained soils formed in

till derived from red sandstone, siltstone, and shale on nearly level to steep glaciated uplands. Slope ranges

from 0 to 50 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral surface

layer, subsurface layer, and upper part of the subsoil; and low or moderately low in the lower part of the

subsoil (fragipan) and the substratum.

The Wurtsboro series consists of very deep, moderately well drained and somewhat poorly drained soils

formed in till derived from quartzite, conglomerate and sandstone in glaciated uplands. Slope dominantly

ranges from 0 to 35 percent. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low to high in the mineral

soil above the fragipan and moderately high to low in the fragipan.

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