Eastern North American Andrenidae, bees, taxonomy, distribution, identification
-
Upload
sam-droege -
Category
Technology
-
view
5.685 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Eastern North American Andrenidae, bees, taxonomy, distribution, identification
AndrenidaeColletidaeMelittidae
A guide to their identification in
Eastern North America
Acknowledgements
• This presentation has been put together by a consortium of North American bee biologists
• This presentation has developed over many years and the original web picture acknowledgements were lost, if you see one of your pictures let us know and we will add your picture credit
• Correspondence can be sent to Sam Droege at [email protected]
Format
• Each Genus has an information page followed by a page of illustrations and a map of the distribution of Eastern North American species; western populations of Eastern species are shown, but the Western species are not mapped.
• The number of Eastern species are listed at the top of the page
Groups of Genera
Andrenidae• Andrena• Calliopsis• Panurginus• Perdita• Protandrena• Pseudopanurgus
Colletidae• Caupolicana• Colletes• Hylaeus
Melittidae• Hesperapis• Macropis• Melitta
Family: Andrenidae
Comprised of the following Genera:– Andrena – 116 species– Calliopsis - 3– Panurginus - 3– Perdita -26– Protandrena - 3– Pseudopanurgus - 15
Andrena
• Prominent facial fovea on females• Most species black a few with reddish abdomens• Some males and females with yellow on clypeus• Many species are pollen specialists • Many subtle characters available to separate species,
but when using guides score these very conservatively as there are more opportunities for error when the species number is high and the number of questions long and then double check against species accounts and the complete scoring for the species.
• Similar genera: Melitta, Colletes, Lasioglossum
Andrena - 116
Calliopsis
• Inhabits open fields.
• The very common C. andreniformis often inhabits heavily used playing fields and other human-impacted sites.
• Small size, 2-submarginal cells, the bright yellow legs of the male and the 3 vertical ivory-colored facial markings of the females are a distinctive combination
Calliopsis - 3
Small, C. andreniformis Common in Highly Disturbed Areas
Panurginus
• Small, spring, uncommon, black species• Males often having yellow on their face• 2 submarginal cells • Close to Pseudopanurgus (which are mostly Fall
species), but told apart by first recurrent and first transcubital veins directly intersecting
• Pre-episternal groove completely absent, but usually very hard to see
• Similar Genera: Pseudopanurgus, Perdita, Protandrena
Panurginus - 3
Tiny and Uncommon
Perdita
• Among the smallest of bees• Most males and females have patterns of white
or pale yellow on their face, thorax and abdomen.
• Most females with very thin and sparse tibial scopa
• Short, truncated marginal cell• Uncommonly collected but can be common in
sandy localities• Similar Genera: Pseudopanurgus, Panurginus,
Protandrena
Perdita - 26
Tiny, Sand-Lover
Protandrena
• A very uncommon group in the East
• 3 submarginal cells
• Best told by keying them out through the guide
• Similar Genera: Andrena, panurginus, Pseudopanurgus
Protandrena - 3
Rare
Pseudopanurgus• Fall species, often on composites• Similar to Panurginus• Small, dark bees, with 2 marginal cells• Pre-episternal groove present, sometimes very weak and hard to
see, running down and to the front from upper end of the mesepisturnum, in some minute species this is visible only at upper end
• First transcubital vein does not meet the first recurrent vein; first recurrent vein shifted slightly to the interior of the second submarginal cell
• Males have often extensive amounts of yellow on their faces. • Can be difficult to differentiate species• Similar Genera: Panurginus, Protandrena, Perdita
Pseudopanurgus - 15
Tiny, Uncommon
Colletidae
Comprised of the following genera:– Caupolicana – 2 species– Colletes – 35 species– Hylaeus – 24 species
Caupolicana
• A rarely observed genus restricted to coastal dune areas in the deep south and the sandy central Florida Ridge
• These fast flying large species are usually only active at dawn and dusk
• 2 submarginal cells
• The first recurrent vein usually joins or nearly joins the first transcubital vein
Caupolicana - 2Deep South, Deep Sand Specialist, Very rare
Colletes
• General body shape often similar to a honeybee
• Face heart-shaped due to the angling inward of the compound eyes
• Distinctive in that the lower portion of the second recurrent arches out toward wing tip
• Similar Genus: Apis
Colletes - 35
Hylaeus
• Black, small, thin-elongate body, with relatively few hairs and no scopa as this genus carries pollen internally
• Most females have elongate, thin, diamond yellow or ivory markings in the paraocular area between the eye and the clypeus/antennae
• Males usually have more extensive yellow facial markings, with yellow throughout the area below the antennae
Hylaeus - 24
Common, masked, no scopa
Melittidae
Comprised of the following genera:
• Hesperapis – 2 species
• Macropis – 4 species
• Melitta – 3 species
Hesperapis
• Extremely uncommon bees
• Restricted to coastal barrier islands in the Gulf of Mexico and dunes of the Great Lakes
• Abdomen noticeably flattened and integument soft compared to other groups
• Similar Genus: Calliopsis
Hesperapis - 2
Very Rare, Deep South
Barrier Islands
Macropis
• Rare bees, apparently much less common than in the past
• Associated with loosestrife (Lysimachia) plants
• Small, dark bees, males with extensive yellow facial markings, 2 submarginal cells
Macropis - 4
Small, Rare Bee, Oil
Specialist, Loosestrife
Melitta
• Andrena like, rarely encountered pollen specialists on Ericaceous shrubs
• Scopal hairs on female only on tibia not on femur and trochanter-like Andrena
• Females also lack facial foveae, unlike Andrena
• Males lack a basitibial plate
• Similar Genus: Andrena
Melitta - 3
Uncommon, Specialist
Resources• Species lists, Identification Guides, and Maps for
genera and species are available at: http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Apoidea• A guide to the genera of the bees of Canada is
available at:http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/pgs_03/pgs_03.html• Mitchell’s 1960’s book on the bees of the Eastern United
States is available as a series of pdf files at:http://insectmuseum.org/easternBees.php• A slightly out of date guide to the identification of the genera
of ALL of North America is available at:http://www.knoxcellars.com/Merchant5/merchant.mvc?
Screen=PROD&Store_Code=KCNP&Product_Code=BGNA&Category_Code=BL