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BEHAVIOR AND STRENGTH OF COLD-FORMED STEEL
LIPPED CHANNEL SECTION WITH TRACK UNDER
COMPRESSION
WATANAPONG
HIRANMARN
PRAKIT PREMTHAMAKORN
PRAKIT CHOMCHUEN
NUTHAPORN
NUTTAYASAKUL
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
Load-Bearing Wall System
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to present the compressivebehavior of stud-track from experimental investigation
and Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
SCOPE
Compression tests were conducted on 19 specimens for300mm and 800mm length cold-formed steel C-sectioncolumns with stud and stud-track
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted for 300mmlength stud specimens
The Ultimate experimental compressive strengths of thestuds are compared with the design strengths calculated(AISI 2007)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONo Test Specimens
(a) Stud Specimens (b) Stud-TrackSpecimens
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
H
B
D
t
r
H
B
t
r
o Section Dimensions
•Stud: 100x50x20x1.6mm
•tact,aver = 1.43mm
•Track: 105x50x1.6mm
•tact,aver = 1.53mm
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Material Properties (JIS Z 2241-1998)
Coupon fy (MPa) fu (MPa) E (MPa) Elogation (%)
Stud 292.25 358.68 218,385 40.6
Track 280.64 345.82 190,426 39.4
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Initial Geometric Imperfection
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300Im
pe
rfac
tio
n (
mm
. )
Length ( mm. )
A
B_Left
B_Mid
B_Right
C
1 217f ,max
. mm 1 775w ,max
. mm
w
fl
fr
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
A
B
C
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Test Rig and Gauge Arrangement
Ten transducers were installed to record the displacements of the specimen under the
progressive increase in the axial compression, one for vertical and night for horizontal direction
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONo Stud Test Results ( L= 300mm)
Specimen Pu
(kN)
Failure
modes
C300-1 62.98 L
C300-2
C300-3
C300-4
C300-5
C300-6
61.70
44.46
62.05
49.93
42.96
L
L
L
L
L
Average 54.010
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lo
ad
( k
N.
)
Displacement ( mm. )
C300-1 (Pu=62.98) C300-2 (Pu=61.70) C300-3 (Pu=44.46)
C300-4 (Pu=62.05) C300-5 (Pu=49.93) C300-6 (Pu=42.96)
Local
buckling
Max.
Min.
31.8% of
max.
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Stud Test Results ( Typical failure of C300-2)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Load
( T
on
. )
Displacement ( mm. )
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Stud Test Results ( Typical failure of C300-2)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Stud Test Results ( C300-3 specimen)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Load
( T
on
. )
Displacement ( mm. )
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Stud Test Results ( C300-3 specimen)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONo Stud Test Results ( L= 800mm)
Specimen Pu
(kN)
Failure
modes
C800-1
C800-2
C800-3
52.40
52.44
47.43
L
L
L
Average 50.76
Local
buckling
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Load
( k
N )
Displacement ( mm. )
C800-1 (Pu=52.40) C800-2 (Pu=52.44) C800-3 (Pu=47.43)
Average C300 54.01Less than C300
about 6%
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
o Stud Test Results (Final failure shape of all C800 specimens)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONo Stud-Track Test Results ( L= 300mm)Specimen Pu
(kN)
Failure
modes
CT300-1 66.68 L
CT300-2
CT300-3
CT300-4
CT300-5
CT300-6
CT300-7
65.46
60.36
58.70
69.19
66.68
66.86
L
L
L+D
L
L
L
Average 64.85
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lo
ad
( k
N.
)
Displacement ( mm. )
CT300-1 (Pu=66.68) CT300-2 (Pu=65.46) CT300-3 (Pu=60.36)
CT300-4 (Pu=58.70) CT300-5 (Pu=69.19) CT300-6 (Pu=66.68)
CT300-7 (Pu=66.86)Average C300 54.01
More than C300
about 20%
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
o Stud-Track Test Results (Typical final failure shape of CT300-6 and -7)
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONo Stud-Track Test Results ( L= 800mm)
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lo
ad
( k
N.
)
Displacement ( mm. )
CT300-1 (Pu=66.68) CT300-2 (Pu=65.46) CT300-3 (Pu=60.36)
CT300-4 (Pu=58.70) CT300-5 (Pu=69.19) CT300-6 (Pu=66.68)
CT300-7 (Pu=66.86)
Specimen Pu
(kN)
Failure
modes
CT800-1
CT800-2
CT800-3
62.23
63.18
67.92
L
L
L
Average 64.44
Local
buckling
Average C800 50.76More than C800
about 27%
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
o Stud-Track Test Results (Final failure shape of all CT800)
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSISo Finite Element Model of Stud 300mm
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
•Stud : Shell Element (S4R)•Stud : Mesh size5x5 mm •Plate : Analytical rigid•Friction Coef. = 0.3•BC : Top Pl. move down only•BC : Bottom Pl is fixed.•Non-Linear Static Analysis, General
ABAQUS/CAE v. 6.11
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
Stre
ss (N
/sq
r.m
m)
Strain (mm/mm) True_Plastic
•Inclined section imperfection•Local imperfection
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
Section imperfection (Inclined section)o Finite Element Model of Stud C300-4
2-Planes
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
Section imperfection (Inclined section)o Finite Element Model of Stud C300-4
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
Local imperfection o Finite Element Model of Stud C300-4
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
o Finite Element Model of Stud C300-4
About 76% of AISI
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
o Finite Element Model of Stud C300-4
P = 0 kN P = 33.6 kN P = 61.0 kN (peak load) P = 24.2 kN Actual failure mode
CONCLUSIONo The results indicated that the ultimate compressive strength obtained from the
experiment results were only 56-82% of the estimated strength based on the Directstrength method (AISI 2007) at 76.7 kN
w
MAHANAKORN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, THAILAND
o The reduction of compressive strength indicates that just a little bit of inclinedsection imperfections may significantly reduce the ultimate strength of the shortstud
o The results of stud-track specimens indicate that the ultimate compressive strengthof stud can be increased and more consistency by connecting the studs with tracksat both ends
o The finite element model of 300mm length stud include inclined sectionimperfection indicate good agreement with the experiment results