EASA Part 66 Module 5.2 : Numbering System
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Transcript of EASA Part 66 Module 5.2 : Numbering System
5.2 NUMBERING SYSTEMS
Many number systems are in use in digital technology. The most common are :• Decimal• Binary• Octal• Hexadecimal
DECIMAL SYSTEM
• Composed of 10 numerals or symbols• Using these symbols as digits of a number, can
express any quantity. • Called the base-10 system because it has 10
digits.• 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
DECIMAL EXAMPLE
• 3.1410
• 53210
• 1082410
• 64900010
BINARY SYSTEM
• There are only two symbols or possible digit values, 0 and 1.
• This base-2 system can be used to represent any quantity that can be represented in decimal or other base system
BINARY EXAMPLE
• 1110• 1011110• 1111011100• 10000101111011
OCTAL SYSTEM
• The octal number system has a base of eight• Eight possible digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OCTAL EXAMPLE
• Octal Example• 5410• 765421• 1047664• 4123170137
HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM
• The hexadecimal system uses base 16.• It uses the digits 0 through 9 plus the letters A,
B, C, D, E, and F as the 16 digit symbols.• 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
HEXADECIMAL EXAMPLE
• BD• 452EA• E451B2CD3• 35412BABE
NUMBERING CONVERSION
DECIMAL BINARY
HEXADECIMAL
OCTAL
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION
Reverse of Binary-To-Decimal Method :
• 2710 = 16+8+0+2+1
= 11011• 18110 = 128+0+32+16+0+4+0+1
= 10110101
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONRepeat Division Method :
EG : 2710
27/2 = 13 balance 113/2 = 6 balance 16/2 = 3 balance 03/2 = 1 balance 11/2 = 0 balance 1
Result : 2710= 110112
EG : 18110
181/2 = 90 balance 190/2 = 45 balance 045/2 = 22 balance 122/2 = 11 balance 011/2 = 5 balance 15/2 = 2 balance 12/2 = 1 balance 01/2 = 0 balance 1
Result : 18110= 101101012
DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION
Ex : 17710
177/8 = 22 balance 122/8 = 2 balance 62/8 = 0 balance 2Result 17710 = 2618
Ex : 398510
3985/8 = 498 balance 1498/8 = 62 balance 262/8 = 7 balance 67/8 = 0 balance 7Result 398510 = 76218
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Ex : 37810
378/16 = 23 balance 10 = (A)23/16 = 1 balance 71/16 = 0 balance 1Result 37810 = 17A16
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Ex : 694210
6942/16 = 433 balance 14 = (E)433/16 = 27 balance 127/16 = 1 balance 11 = (B)1/16 = 0 balance 1
Result 37810 = 1B1E16
BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION
110112
= 24+23+02+21+20
= 16+8+0+2+1= 2710
101101012
= 27+06+25+24+03+22+01+20
= 128+0+32+16+0+4+0+1= 18110
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
BINARY TO OCTAL CONVERSION
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
• Example:• 100 111 0102 = (100) (111) (010)2 = 4 7 28
• 1 101 0102 = (001) (101) (010)2 = 1 5 28
BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL0 00001 00012 00103 00114 01005 01016 01107 01118 10009 1001A 1010B 1011C 1100D 1101E 1110F 1111
EXAMPLE :
101 11012 = (101) (1101)2 = 5 D16
11 1001 10112 = (11) (1001) (1011)2 = 3 9 B16
1011 0010 11112 = (1011) (0010) (1111)2 = B 2 F16
OCTAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION
• Example :• 2378 = 2(82)+ 3(81)+ 2(80) = 15910
• 95348 = 9(83)+ 5(82)+ 3(81)+ 4(80) = 495610
OCTAL TO BINARY CONVERSION
• Example:• 4 7 28 = (100) (111) (010)2 = 100 111 0102
• 1 5 28 = (001) (101) (010)2 = 1 101 0102
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
• Example :• 2E16 = 2(161) + 14 (160) = 4610
• 9BC316 = 9(163) + 11 (162) +12 (161) +3 (160) = 3987510
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
• 5 D16 = (101) (1101)2 =101 11012
• 3 9 B16 = (11) (1001) (1011)2 =11 1001 10112
• B 2 F16 = (1011) (0010) (1111)2 =1011 0010 11112
0 00001 00012 00103 00114 01005 01016 01107 01118 10009 1001A 1010B 1011C 1100D 1101E 1110F 1111
NUMBERING CONVERSION
DECIMAL BINARY
HEXADECIMAL
OCTAL
X/8
X/16
X/2
Y(8 x )
Y(16 x )
(+2 x )
Tabl
e (d
iv 3
) Table (div 3)
Tabl
e (d
iv 4
) Table (div 4)
CONVERSION VALUE
20 121 222 423 824 1625 3226 6427 12828 25629 512210 1024
80 181 882 6483 51284 409685 3276886 26214487 2097152
0 0001 0012 0103 0114 1005 1016 1107 111
0 00001 00012 00103 00114 01005 01016 01107 01118 10009 1001A 1010B 1011C 1100D 1101E 1110F 1111
Power 2
Power 8
Binary - Hexa
Binary - Octal