Earth’s Interior. Crust OOOOutermost layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and ocean...
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Transcript of Earth’s Interior. Crust OOOOutermost layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and ocean...
CrustCrustOutermost layer of solid rock that Outermost layer of solid rock that
includes both dry land and ocean includes both dry land and ocean floorfloor
5-70 kilometers thick5-70 kilometers thickTwo TypesTwo Types
Oceanic Crust - made of mostly Oceanic Crust - made of mostly basalt- Thinnest Crust - 7 km avgbasalt- Thinnest Crust - 7 km avg
Continental Crust - made of mostly Continental Crust - made of mostly granite- Thickets crust - 35 km avggranite- Thickets crust - 35 km avg
MantleMantleMade of very hot, but solid rockMade of very hot, but solid rockAbout 3000 kilometers thickAbout 3000 kilometers thickMoho - the boundary between the Moho - the boundary between the
mantle and the crustmantle and the crustLithosphere - crust & upper Lithosphere - crust & upper
mantlemantleAsthenosphere - soft layer of Asthenosphere - soft layer of
mantle, like road tarmantle, like road tarLower mantle - solid, hot rockLower mantle - solid, hot rock
The mantle exhibits The mantle exhibits plasticity, where plasticity, where molten rock bends molten rock bends and flowsand flows
Cooler, denser Cooler, denser mantle material mantle material sinks toward the sinks toward the core and warmer, core and warmer, less dense mantle less dense mantle material rises material rises toward the crust.toward the crust.
As rocks undergo STRESS, As rocks undergo STRESS, the DEFORMthe DEFORM
Stress - the forces that Stress - the forces that push and pull on the push and pull on the Earth’s crustEarth’s crust
Deformation - an change Deformation - an change in the original shape or in the original shape or volume of rocksvolume of rocks
Types of StressesTypes of Stresses
CompressionCompression - type of stress - type of stress that squeezes rocks togetherthat squeezes rocks together
TensionTension - type of stress that - type of stress that pulls rocks apartpulls rocks apart
Shearing Shearing - type of stress that - type of stress that pushes rocks in two opposite pushes rocks in two opposite horizontal directionshorizontal directions
STRESS can cause rocks to STRESS can cause rocks to FRACTUREFRACTURE
FractureFracture - break or - break or crack in rockscrack in rocks
STRESS can also cause STRESS can also cause FAULTSFAULTS
FAULTFAULT - a break or - a break or crack along which crack along which rocks move rocks move
FaultsFaults
Hanging WallHanging Wall - the block of - the block of rock above a fault. Longer at rock above a fault. Longer at the topthe top
Foot WallFoot Wall - the block of rock - the block of rock below a fault. Longer at the below a fault. Longer at the bottombottom
Types of FaultsTypes of Faults Normal FaultNormal Fault - a fault in which the hanging - a fault in which the hanging
wall moves down relative to the foot wallwall moves down relative to the foot wall
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Reverse FaultReverse Fault - - a fault in which the foot wall a fault in which the foot wall moves down relative to the hanging wallmoves down relative to the hanging wall
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Example - Example - Thrust FaultThrust Fault - a reverse fault - a reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the in which the hanging wall slides over the
foot wallfoot wall
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Lateral (Strike slip) faultLateral (Strike slip) fault - a fault - a fault along which the rocks move along which the rocks move horizontally past each otherhorizontally past each other
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Fault block mountainFault block mountain
A mountain formed by A mountain formed by blocks of rocks uplifted blocks of rocks uplifted from normal faultsfrom normal faults
Rift ValleyRift ValleyA valley formed when the A valley formed when the
block of land between block of land between two normal faults slides two normal faults slides downward.downward.
STRESS can also cause STRESS can also cause FOLDINGFOLDING
FOLDFOLD - a bend in rock - a bend in rock
Types of FoldsTypes of Folds
AnticlineAnticline - an upward fold in - an upward fold in rocksrocks
SynclineSyncline - an downward fold - an downward fold in rocksin rocks
The 4 factors that determine The 4 factors that determine whether a rock will fault or whether a rock will fault or
fold:fold:Temperature Temperature PressurePressureRock typeRock typeHow the stress is appliedHow the stress is applied
Geographic FeaturesGeographic Features
Plateau - a large area Plateau - a large area of flat land that is of flat land that is raised high above sea raised high above sea level and consists of level and consists of horizontal rock layershorizontal rock layers
Domes - a raised area Domes - a raised area shaped like the top of shaped like the top of a sphere often formed a sphere often formed by magma pushing by magma pushing rock layers upward.rock layers upward.