Earthquakes, and the Earth Structure · P-wave velocity 6 km/sec in crust 30 km Earthquake P-wave...
Transcript of Earthquakes, and the Earth Structure · P-wave velocity 6 km/sec in crust 30 km Earthquake P-wave...
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Earthquakes, and the Earth Structure
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Earthquake and Seismic Waves
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P and S waves
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Pulses of Compression in Solid and Liquid
P-waves
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Shear Distortions in Solid but NOT Liquid
S-waves
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P-waves move through liquid: S-waves don’t
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Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
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Seismograph
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Seismogram
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Travel-Time curves
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Reflection and Refraction
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Refraction: “bending” of waves as the wave passes from one medium to another
Laser light source Laser path in air
Laser path in water
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Laser source
Reflected Laser path in water
Refraction and Head Waves
“Head Wave”: Refracted Laser path along air/water interface
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Man Made Earthquakes
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Refraction in the Earth
Head Waves
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Finding the Mantle Finding the
Mantle
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Finding the Mantle Finding
the Mantle
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Earthquakes and shadow zones
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P- and S-wave
Shadow Zone
Finding the Core
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S-wave
Shadow Zone
Outer core is Liquid
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Compositional Layers of Earth
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Seismic Velocity
structure of Earth
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Seismic Velocity outer 1000 km
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Today’s structure
of the Earth
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Crust vs Whole Earth
Composition
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Evolution of the Universe
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Big-Bang to Solar System
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Earth grows and rounds
Earth Grows and Rounds Out
Earlier
Later
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4.5 to 4.4 Ga: Differentiation
The Iron
Catastrophe
Earth’s Early Structure
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Compositional layers of the Earth