Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
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Transcript of Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
![Page 1: Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56812bba550346895d8ffdaf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lisa WaldUSGS Pasadena
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)
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Global Distribution of Earthquakes
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Lisa WaldUSGS Pasadena
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Plate Tectonics
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Plate Boundaries
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Watch southern california video
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Three Types of Faults
Strike-SlipThrust
Normal
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Normal Fault Example
Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquakeDecember 16, 1954
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Thrust Fault Example
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Thrust Fault Example
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Strike-slip Fault Example
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Strike-slip Fault Example
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
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Landers, CA 1992
Strike-slip Fault Example
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Where is Haiti?
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Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers EarthquakeTotal Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake
Rupture on a Fault
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Seismic Waves
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Earthquake Magnitude
M5
M6
M7
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Earthquake Location
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Bigger Faults Make Bigger EarthquakesBigger Faults Make Bigger Earthquakes
1
10
100
1000
5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5Magnitude
Kilo
me
ters
8
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Bigger Earthquakes Last a Longer TimeBigger Earthquakes Last a Longer Time
1
10
100
5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
Magnitude
Sec
onds
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What Controls the Level of Shaking?What Controls the Level of Shaking?
• Magnitude– More energy released
• Distance– Shaking decays with distance
• Local soils– amplify the shaking
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Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”???
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking
Northridge, CA 1994
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
KGO-TV News ABC-7
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking
Kobe, Japan 1995
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Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting
Landers, CA 1992
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Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
Niigata, Japan 1964
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Earthquake Effects - Landslides
Turnagain Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset);Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989
Source: National Geophysical Data Center
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Earthquake Effects - Fires
KGO-TV News ABC-7
Loma Prieta, CA 1989
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Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis
Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center
1957 Aleutian Tsunami
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The San Andreas Fault
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Pacific-North American Plate Boundary
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Will California eventually fall into the ocean???
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Faultsof SouthernCalifornia
Source: SCEC Data Center
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Shaking Hazard in Southern California
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
55 KM longLast ruptured in last 10,000 YEARSSLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr
PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 (?)Dips to the north
THRUST fault
Sierra Madre Fault Zone
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
Source: SCEC Data Center
26 KM longLast ruptured in last 10,000 YEARSSLIP RATE: between 0.10 and 0.22 mm/yr
PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0Dips to the north
STRIKE-SLIP fault
Raymond Fault
At least eight surface-rupturing events have occurred along this fault in the last 36,000 years
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Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia
18 KM longLast ruptured in last 1.6 million YEARSSLIP RATE: ???
PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: ???Dips to the north
THRUST fault
Clamshell-Sawpit Canyon fault
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Real-time Earthquake Information
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ShakeMaps
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Did You Feel It?
CommunityInternetIntensityMaps
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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Where to go for more information:
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Faults in Our Local Area - La Canada
Source: SCEC Data Center
LENGTH: the zone is about 55 km long;total length of main fault segments is about 75 km,with each segment measuring roughly 15 km long
MOST RECENT SURFACE RUPTURE: Holocene,10,000 years to present
SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr
INTERVAL BETWEEN SURFACE RUPTURES:several thousand years (?)
PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW6.0 - 7.0 (?)
OTHER NOTES: This fault zone dips to the north.
TYPE OF FAULTING: reverse
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Depth
Into the
earth
Surface of the earth
Distance along the fault plane 100 km (60 miles)
Slip on an earthquake faultSlip on an earthquake fault
START
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0
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Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0