Dr. Surono

STRATEGY ON VOLCANIC AND

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD

MITIGATION

IN INDONESIA

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

GEOLOGICAL AGENCY

CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY AND

GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION The 1st Wokshop of Asia-Pasific Region Global Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruption Risk Managemen

Tsukuba, JAPAN

February 22-26, 2012

Outline

• Introduction

• Volcanic Hazard Mitigation Strategy

• Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Strategy

• Summary

6.5 cm/yr Indo-Australia

Pasifik

Pacific Ocean South China Sea

Eurasia

Indian Ocean

Introduction

Tektonic Setting

Positive Impact: Fertile soil Minerals, oil and gas

Negative Impact: Prone to geological hazard such as volcanic eruption, landslide, earthquake and tsunami

Earthquake Prone Regions in Indonesia

Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources is an institution which has a responsible to mitigate geological hazard in Indonesia

• CVGHM ‘s task:

- To mitigate volcanic, landslide, earthquake and tsunami hazards

- To deliver technical recomendation to local government and educate people living in hazard zone in order to anticipate the threat of volcanic eruption, landslide, earthquake and tsunami.

Goal: To minimize the loss of lives and properties due to geological hazards.

RECENT CONDITIONS

Many residences and vital/strategic buildings are still located in volcanic and earthquake hazards zones.

The people and local government request fast and accurate geological hazard information.

Lack of information about the threat of volcanic eruption and potential earthquake hazards.

Lack of awareness of the people and local government to areas prone to volcanic eruption and earthquake.

VOLCANIC HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY

Pyroclastic Flows

Lava Dome Collapse

Pyroclasic Falls

Volcanic Gasses

ERUPTION OF SOME VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA

Batu Tara tahun 2007

Kelud eruption in November 2007, there were 15,000 people

evacuated.

Sinabung eruption in August 2010, about 16,000 refugees.

In case of Merapi eruption in 2010, there were about 1 million

refugees due to eruption, but 416,000 were taken care by the

government.

Lokon eruption in July 14, 2011, there were 6000 people evacuated

About 5 million Indonesian reside and temporary

living in due to social matter and economical

activity in volcanic hazard zone.

OBSERVATION/RESEARCH

STRATEGY ON VOLCANIC HAZARD MITIGATION

VOLCANIC HAZARD MAPPING

MONITORING EARLY

WARNING

SOCIALIZATION/ DISSEMINATION

QUICK RESPONSE TEAM

PROVIDING VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP

Volcano Observatory

Measurement of lava

dome temperature

Seismic and

deformation monitoring

VOLCANO MONITORING

Level I AKTIF NORMAL

Level II WASPADA

Level III SIAGA

Level IV AWAS

Volcanic activity in normal state

The activity begins to

increase

The volcano starts to erupt, showing some minor eruptions and may lead to the main eruption.

Limited activities

on

Volcanic Hazard Zone II, III

No activities on

Volcanic Hazard Zone II, III

Evacuation Volcanic Hazard Zone II, III

Volcanic Hazard Zone Map

The activity shows some indications to erupt.

Local Government and Community Response

on Volcanic Activity

EARLY WARNING

OBSERVATORY

HEAD OF

SUB MONITORING DIVISION

HEAD OF

MONITORING DIVISION

HEAD OF CVGHM

HEAD OF

GEOLOGICAL AGENCY

REGENT

(BPBD)

GOVERNOR

(BPBD)

NATIONAL AGENCY FOR

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

(BNPB)

AIRPORT

METEOROLOGY OFFICE

DIRECTOR OF

AVIATION SAFETY

THE CLOSET AIRPORT

AND RELATED AGENCY

PEOPLE LIVING

AROUND

VOLCANO

NOTE :

LEVEL I

LEVEL II/III

LEVEL IV

CVGHM : Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

BPBD : Local level for BNPB

FLOW CHART OF VOLCANO ACTIVITY DISSEMINATION

SOCIALIZATION

AFTER ERUPTION

1. To monitor the volcano continuously

2. Evaluation and make a decision to downgrade level

of activity

3. To anticipate the occurrence of lahar, especially

when the rainy season begins

4. To disseminate information concerning the activity

of the volcano.

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY

Lokasi Tanggal Magnituda*

1 Chili 1960 05 22 9.5

2 Prince William Sound, Alaska 1964 03 28 9.2

3 Pantai Barat Sumatera Bagian Utara 2004 12 26 9.1

4 Kamchatka 1952 11 04 9

5 Maule, Chili 2010 02 27 8.8

6 Pantai Ekuador 1906 01 31 8.8

7 Kepulauan Rat, Alaska 1965 02 04 8.7

8 Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2005 03 28 8.6

9 Assam – Tibet 1950 08 15 8.6

10 Kepulauan Andrean, Alaska 1957 03 09 8.6

11 Sumatra Barat, Indonesia 2007 09 12 8.5

12 Laut Banda, Indonesia 1938 02 01 8.5

13 Kamchatka 1923 02 03 8.5

14 Perbatasan Chili-Argentina 1922 11 11 8.5

15 Kepulauan Kuril 1963 10 13 8.5

15 world's largest earthquakes since 1900

(sources:USGS)

Several Destructive Earthquakes in Indonesia

Date Region M Victim

25/10/2010 Mentawai , West Sumatra (tsunami)

7.7 504

30/9/2009 Padang, West Sumatra 7.5 1,117

2/9/2009 West Java 7.3 81

12/9/2007 Bengkulu, Sumatra 8.4 14

26/5/2006 Yogyakarta 6.3 5,749

28/3/2005 Nias, North Sumatra (tsunami)

8.6 1,313

06/02/2004 Nabire, Papua 7 33

26/12/2004 Aceh, Sumatera (tsunami) 9.1 227,898

04/06/2000 Bengkulu, Sumatra 7.3 99

29/11/1998 Mangole & Taliabu, Maluku 8.3 34

17/02/1996 Biak, Papua (tsunami) 8.2 108

Earthquake hazard mapping

Research on earthquake

Socialization

Quick Response

Mitigation Strategy: identification of an earthquake vulnerability level and prepare

communities to anticipate disaster

STRATEGY ON EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MITIGATION

When an earthquake devastated such a

region it will happen again in the future.

1) RESEARCH ON EARTHQUAKES

• Identification of active fault

• Microzonation

• PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic

Hazard Assessments).

• Identification of active fault

• Paleo-seismology

• Geophysics Methods (Gravity, Geomagnet, GPR)

• Seismic Monitoring

• Deformation (GPS)

Gb.7. MODEL 2 DIMENSI PENAMPANG MAGNETIK A-B

OBSERVED DATA

CALCULATED MODEL

A B

Frekuensi

dominan

Amplifikasi

•Microzonation

Seismometer

L4-3D

Accu

GPS

Antenna

Datamark

LS-7000

PSHA Map for Java with Return Period 1000 Years at 0.2 Second Period

•PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment)

109.00° BT

109.00° BT

8.5

0°

LS

6.5

0°

LS

kilometer

0 50 100

111.50° BT

111.50° BT

6.5

0°

LS

8.5

0°

LS

0.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.35

0.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.35

0.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.3

0.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.4

0.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.450.45

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.550.55

0.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.70.7

109.00° BT

109.00° BT

8.5

0°

LS

6.5

0°

LS

kilometer

0 50 100

111.50° BT

111.50° BT

6.5

0°

LS

8.5

0°

LS

0.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.250.25

0.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

50.2

5

0.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.30.3

0.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.40.4

PSHA Maps for Central Java

Sulawesi PSHA Peta PSHA Kab. Pasaman

2) PROVIDING EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAP

Very Low

Low

High What Community and Local Government do in Earthquake Hazard Area?

MMI > VIII

No problem to build facilities

and residential infrastructure

Potential to earthquake

The building should

be earthquake resistant

If we have to build

vital and strategic building

The building must be

earthquake resistant

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAP

MMI VII - VII

MMI V - VII

Free to build facilities and

residential infrastructure with earthquake shock-resistant

Moderate

MMI < V

Direct Socialization

Contingency Planning

Leaflet dan Booklet

Exhibition

3) SOCIALIZATION The purpose of socialization is to increase knowledge and awareness of the people living around the prone area to earthquakes.

Coordination with the local governments and related agencies is carried out to improve the effectiveness of the earthquake hazard mitigation

4) QUICK

RESPONSE

-Mapping of damages caused by earthquakes

-Aftershocks monitoring

JALAN

KETERANGAN

TITIK KERUSAKAN

a. kerusakan berat

b. kerusakan ringan

SUNGAI

200 10

kilometers

REL KERETAAPI

ba

PETA TITIK KERUSAKAN GEMPABUMI PADANG

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN PER 9 OKTOBER 2009

TITIK LONGSOR

BATAS KABUPATEN

DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL

BADAN GEOLOGI

PUSAT VULKANOLOGI DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GEOLOGI

0.2

5°L

S

99.88°BT 100.70°BT

0.2

5°L

S

1.4

0°L

S

99.88°BT 100.70°BT

1.4

0°L

S

D. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. TalangD. Talang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

B. Airmasang

PD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAIPD ALAI

T24T24T24T24T24T24T24T24T24

T06T06T06T06T06T06T06T06T06

SB09SB09SB09SB09SB09SB09SB09SB09SB09

SB03SB03SB03SB03SB03SB03SB03SB03SB03

SB05SB05SB05SB05SB05SB05SB05SB05SB05SB16SB16SB16SB16SB16SB16SB16SB16SB16

K15K15K15K15K15K15K15K15K15

T56T56T56T56T56T56T56T56T56

PayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuhPayakumbuh

PainanPainanPainanPainanPainanPainanPainanPainanPainan

D. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. ManinjauD. Maninjau

D. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. SingkarakD. Singkarak

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

Air Tar

usan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. Antokan

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

B. A

gam

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

A. M

unti

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

B. A

nai

S. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. BagoS. Bago

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

inam

ar

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. S

elo

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

B. Masangkiri

S. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. TikuS. Tiku

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. Air Tarusan

B. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. UmbilianB. Umbilian

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. S

um

ani

B. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. BunutB. Bunut

B. Sianok

B. Sianok

B. Sianok

B. SianokB. Sianok

B. Sianok

B. Sianok

B. Sianok

B. Sianok

KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5KM 32.5

ROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALLROCK FALL

BKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAUBKTTG-MANINJAU

PULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIRPULO AIR

JR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDANJR. PANDAN

KOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMURKOTO TIMUR

PALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYANPALEMBAYAN

TIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKANTIRAM ULAKAN

SB12SB12SB12SB12SB12SB12SB12SB12SB12

T03T03T03T03T03T03T03T03T03

T09T09T09T09T09T09T09T09T09

T11T11T11T11T11T11T11T11T11

T13T13T13T13T13T13T13T13T13

T17T17T17T17T17T17T17T17T17

T20T20T20T20T20T20T20T20T20

T21T21T21T21T21T21T21T21T21T25T25T25T25T25T25T25T25T25

SB17SB17SB17SB17SB17SB17SB17SB17SB17

T40T40T40T40T40T40T40T40T40

T49T49T49T49T49T49T49T49T49

T55T55T55T55T55T55T55T55T55

K01K01K01K01K01K01K01K01K01

K03K03K03K03K03K03K03K03K03

K06K06K06K06K06K06K06K06K06

PalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaianPalembaian

SicincinSicincinSicincinSicincinSicincinSicincinSicincinSicincinSicincin

KotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatuaKotatua

Paadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang PanjangPaadang Panjang

SulikiSulikiSulikiSulikiSulikiSulikiSulikiSulikiSuliki

TarusanTarusanTarusanTarusanTarusanTarusanTarusanTarusanTarusan

SumaniSumaniSumaniSumaniSumaniSumaniSumaniSumaniSumani

CupakCupakCupakCupakCupakCupakCupakCupakCupak

SolokSolokSolokSolokSolokSolokSolokSolokSolok

Palembayan, Agam

Tanjungsani, Agam

Pulo Koto

Pulo Koto

Cumanak

Padang Earthquake, September 30, 2009

Biak Earthquake on June, 16, 2010

P. Pagai Utara

P. Pagai Selatan

-2°

29

' 3

2.1

5"

-3°

22

' 36

.65

"

99° 54' 24.06"

0 12.5

100° 39' 33.5"

25 Km

Betu Monga

Sikakap

Malakopak

Silaut

SindangTanjuang Sari

Tanjung Makmur

UPT Silaut IV

Makalo

HUTAN

Matobek

Nem-nem Leu

Bulasat

Sinaka

Taikako

Saumanganyak

Silabu

Bosua

Talang Kemuning

Dusun Baru Lempur

Semundam

Dusun Sibak

Padang Gading

Retak Mudik

Pasar Bantal

Air Berau

Ponndok Baru

Air DikitDusun Baru

Suka Maju

Sungai Jerinjing

Pondok Baru

Setia Budi

Ujung Pandang

Ds Baru Pelokan

Talang Petai

Pauh Terenja

Tsunami Mentawai

October 25, 2010

triggered by earthquake 7.7 Mw / 7.2 SR

quick response team

SUMMARY

• The government of Indonesia awares about the disaster and the

impact owing to volcanic eruption and earthquake. As a

consequence the Law No. 24/2007 concerning Disaster Management

is established. It has change the paradigm of hazard mitigation by

focusing on pre-disaster phase efforts such as: intensive volcano

monitoring, providing hazard maps on volcano and earthquake and

socialization.

• Region prone to volcanic eruption and earthquakes hazard does not

mean not worthy to live in, but in the spatial planning it should refer

to volcanic and earthquake hazard maps as well as risk analysis.