Earthquake Destruction and Dangers .
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Transcript of Earthquake Destruction and Dangers .
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Earthquake Destructionand Dangers
http://embc.gov.bc.ca/em/hazard_preparedness/earthquake_photos.html
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Major causes of earthquake damage
• Landslides and liquefaction • Aftershocks• Tsunamis
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Landslides
• Movement of material down a slope, especially…– on steep slopes – when saturated land is shaken violently
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Liquefaction
• Loosely packed soil turns into mud.
• Most likely to occur in soil saturated with water.
Liquefactionanimation
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Aftershocks
• Smaller earthquakes that occur after a larger earthquake in the same area
• They can occur hours, days, or months later
• Buildings already weakened by the original earthquake can topple during aftershocks
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Tsunami • A wave set off by an
underwater earthquake• Earthquake jolts the ocean
floor; pushes water out of the way
• Displaced water forms large waves (tsunamis)– In the open ocean, height of
wave is not significant– As the wave gets closer to
land, water gets more shallow, pushes up into a tall wall ≈100 ft
YouTube:CBS News
Asian Tsunami
YouTube:Tsunami Animation
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/03/pictures/110315-nuclear-reactor-japan-tsunami-earthquake-world-photos-meltdown/#/japan-earthquake-tsunami-nuclear-unforgettable-pictures-wave_33291_600x450.jpg
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http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1366395/Japan-tsunami-earthquake-Rescuers-pick-way-apocalypse-wasteland.html
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How do we prepare?• Base-isolated buildings
–Buildings rest on shock absorbing springs that allow the building to move without violently shaking
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Protecting Structures
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How do we prepare?• Base-isolated buildings
–Buildings rest on shock absorbing springs that allow the building to move without violently shaking
• Warning systems– Monitoring faults and waves
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Instruments for monitoring faults
• Creep meter – measures HORIZONTAL movement along
a fault line through movement of a wire across the fault
• Tiltmeter– measures VERTICAL movement, works
like a carpenter’s level
• Satellites – Measure VERTICAL changes in the
distance between the satellite and ground
Faults & Earthquakes
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Fault monitoring instruments
Creep meter Tiltmeter
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Instruments for monitoring tsunamis
• Tsunami detection buoys – 39 stations collect seafloor height,
temperature, pressure
• Warning centers– If a tsunami is generated, they issue
advisories, watches and warnings
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Summary!
• Write your summary sentences