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Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Earthquake Alert Notifications for Energy Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Supply Infrastructure and Emergency Management Management in Australia and New Zealandin Australia and New Zealand
Dr Hugh Cowan et al.Dr Hugh Cowan et al.
APEC Seminar on Earthquake APEC Seminar on Earthquake Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Disaster Management of Energy Supply Systems Taipei, September 3-4, 2003Taipei, September 3-4, 2003
IntroductionIntroduction
Dams and canals that store and transport Dams and canals that store and transport water for hydro generation account for a water for hydro generation account for a high percentage of the fixed assets for high percentage of the fixed assets for energy supply systems. energy supply systems.
IntroductionIntroduction
Operations must ensure safety, utility and Operations must ensure safety, utility and retain value. Dam failures although rare, retain value. Dam failures although rare, would result in significant loss of credibility would result in significant loss of credibility for all owners. for all owners.
Regulatory FrameworkRegulatory Framework
No specific dam safety legislation, but well-No specific dam safety legislation, but well-developed guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD)developed guidelines (ANCOLD, NZSOLD)
Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a Dam Safety Assurance Programs make a major contribution to fulfilling the major contribution to fulfilling the requirements of responsible ownership.requirements of responsible ownership.
Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks
Analyse risks
Evaluate risks
Treat risksCom
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Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999Risk Model – AS/NZS 4360:1999
Establish the Establish the contextcontext
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How do our outputs relate How do our outputs relate to local government, to local government, emergency services and emergency services and other agencies’ Civil other agencies’ Civil Defence arrangements?Defence arrangements?
Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks
Com
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What external risks do we What external risks do we face e.g. inter-related face e.g. inter-related agencies’ outsourcing agencies’ outsourcing contracts?contracts?
(all hazards)(all hazards)
Establish the Establish the contextcontextIdentify risks
Analyse risks
Com
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What planning and What planning and activity helps address this activity helps address this risk across the 4R’s?risk across the 4R’s?
Treat risksCom
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Are our arrangements Are our arrangements coordinated across our coordinated across our sector?sector?
Is our sector linked to Is our sector linked to others involved in others involved in CDEM?CDEM?
Normal Normal Dam Safety EventDam Safety Event
Earthquake Earthquake Dam Safety EventDam Safety Event
Flood Flood Dam Safety Event Dam Safety Event
• Sunny day failuresSunny day failures• Abnormal seepageAbnormal seepage• Acts of sabotageActs of sabotage• Operational incidentsOperational incidents
ACTIONACTION
DIFFERENTDIFFERENTLOADING LOADING
CONDITIONSCONDITIONS
Dam Safety Emergency Plan Dam Safety Emergency Plan (e.g. Hydro Tasmania)(e.g. Hydro Tasmania)
Earthquake AlertsEarthquake Alerts
Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute Earthquake Alert Notifications contribute directly to Emergency Preparedness by directly to Emergency Preparedness by defining priorities for inspection of facilities defining priorities for inspection of facilities after any significant event. after any significant event.
Examples follow: Victoria, New South Examples follow: Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania and New ZealandWales, Tasmania and New Zealand
Historical Seismicity, Victoria, Historical Seismicity, Victoria, AustraliaAustralia
Victorian Water Industry Seismic Victorian Water Industry Seismic NetworkNetwork
SRC Telemetry SystemSRC Telemetry System
(SCOT)NEW Scotts
Peak
(TRR)Tarraleah
(MTCL)Mt. Claude (POA)
Poatina
(GDAM) Gordon Dam (non
dial-up)
(MARG)Lake Margaret
New ZealandNew Zealand
High seismic hazard High seismic hazard in some regionsin some regions
Sparsely populatedSparsely populated
Isolated high-value assetsIsolated high-value assets
Long, linear transmissionLong, linear transmissioninfrastructureinfrastructure
M 7.0 +
M 6.5 - 6.9
1950 - 20001840 - 2000
Most Most destructive destructive historical historical earthquakeearthquakessoccurred occurred before before 1950.1950.
Few people Few people today have today have personal personal experience experience of damage of damage or lossesor losses
Key PointsKey Points
Regions of low seismic hazard can Regions of low seismic hazard can experience damaging earthquakesexperience damaging earthquakes
Regions of high seismic hazard may Regions of high seismic hazard may experience decades of relative quietexperience decades of relative quiet
National coverage for hazard detection and National coverage for hazard detection and emergency responseemergency response
Designed, built and operated on a non-profit Designed, built and operated on a non-profit basis, with all basic data freely availablebasis, with all basic data freely available
Supplemented by local monitoring at high-Supplemented by local monitoring at high-value assetsvalue assets
New Zealand GeoNetNew Zealand GeoNet
National Strong National Strong Motion NetworkMotion Network
National National Broadband Broadband Seismograph Seismograph NetworkNetwork
CommunicationsCommunications
Some Options:Some Options:– Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF Radio: spread spectrum, VHF/UHF
– Dial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMADial up: manual/automatic, land line/GSM/CDMA
– Leased (analog) linesLeased (analog) lines
– Digital Direct linesDigital Direct lines
– Frame relayFrame relay
– Satellite (VSAT)Satellite (VSAT)
– InternetInternet
Strong Motion National Network
New Zealand
Dial-out on GSM and leased
land lines
Real-time, continuous Real-time, continuous seismic dataseismic data
Current Preferred OptionsCurrent Preferred Options
Short distances:Short distances:Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges)Spread spectrum radio (Ethernet radio bridges)
Medium distances:Medium distances:Dial up telephone or DDSDial up telephone or DDS
Long distances:Long distances:Internet or frame relay, usually with Internet or frame relay, usually with
a local short or medium link a local short or medium link
Satellite (typically VSAT)Satellite (typically VSAT)
Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Use of Earthquake Alerts for Emergency Response: Response:
Meridian Energy LtdMeridian Energy Ltd
No
Yes
Dam Safety Emergency Response Process
Generation Controller ≥5MMV earthquake occurs or observation
indicating Level 1 alert.
Generation Controller 3. Contact Dam Safety
Response Co -ordinator (DSRC)
4. Advise of any alarms or potential safety issues including loss of communications
Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator
Inform Emergency Manager
Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator
Call out Earthquake Response Team to
relevant site(s)
Dam SafetyResponse
Team Carry out inspection
using checklist
OK?
Dam Safety Response
Coord. Report to dam
safety assurance team*
Generation Controller Other Event or
Observation indicative of Level 2 or Level 3 Alert
Generation Controller 1. Contact Dam Safety
Response Co -ordinator (DSRC)
2. Advise of any alarms or potential safety issues includi ng loss of communications
Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator
Inform Emergency Manager
Dam Safety Response Co-ordinator
Compile /Call out Dam Safety Response Team
Emergency Manager Dam Safety Emergency Response Plan
(DSERP)
* Planned Task List
EPAR DataflowEPAR Dataflow
Appropriate Attenuation
Intensity calculated for every location
* Asset Locations
Earthquake Magnitude
Earthquake Location
Distance
Importance Importance Priority
Fax or Email report to users
TASKS for Pipehead Control Room in order of priority.
Telephone Blue Mountains System,
inform them of the event and instruct them that no action is
necessary at Upper Cascade Dam,
Middle Cascade Dam, Lower Cascade Dam, Lake Medlow, and
Greaves Creek.
No other tasks prescribed.
Task ListSpecific Outcomes
General Outcomes
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES for Pipehead Control Room in order of
interest. Upper Cascade Dam (31km,
MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.
Middle Cascade Dam (31km,
MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.
Lower Cascade Dam (32km,
MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.
Greaves Creek (32km, MMI 3): Vibrations felt by some.
GENERAL OUTCOMES in order of
importance.
The Intensity at the epicentre would
be about MMI 4.
Intensities exceeding MMI 4 with the earthquake being strongly felt
by most people can be expected to a distance of 13km.
Intensities exceeding MMI 2 and
the possibility that the earthquakewill be felt by some people can be
expected to a distance of 68km.
Asset Locations
Asset Vulnerabilities
Damage Expected
Task List
* Asset Vulnerabilities
*
Hugh Cowan Hugh Cowan Institute of Geological and Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd, Nuclear Sciences Ltd, Wellington, New ZealandWellington, New Zealand
Wayne Peck Wayne Peck Seismology Research Centre, Seismology Research Centre, Environmental Systems and Environmental Systems and Services, Melbourne, Services, Melbourne, AustraliaAustralia
Roy Fenderson Roy Fenderson Hydro Tasmania, Hobart, Hydro Tasmania, Hobart, AustraliaAustralia
Jim Walker Jim Walker Meridian Energy Ltd, Meridian Energy Ltd, Christchurch, New ZealandChristchurch, New Zealand
Colin Hill Colin Hill Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Melbourne Water, Melbourne, AustraliaAustralia
Tan Pham Tan Pham AC Consulting Group Ltd, AC Consulting Group Ltd, Wellington, New ZealandWellington, New Zealand