Earth & Space G8-Tri3-2016.pdf

8/16/2019 Earth & Space G8-Tri3-2016.pdf

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GravityKey words :Gravity : The force pulls objects towards thegroundGravitational field : An area around an objectwhere its gravity causes a force

Isaac Newton lived in England in the 1600sWhat did Isaac Newton discover ?

He discovered gravity

Before the apple falls, what is its speed ?Zero

When the apple is falling, is its speed still zero ?No, its speed is changing, it is acceleratingWhat is the force causing the apple falling ?Earth gravity “Gravitational force”

What is the force that keep us on the earth and

stop us floating off into space ?Earth gravity “Gravitational force”

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Abu Dhabi Education CouncilAl Tamayoz School Cycle 2

Science Department

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GravityKey words :Newton: A newton is a unit of forceMass : The amount of matter in an objectWeight : The force acting on an object in agravitational field

Practical activity :1- Hang the newton meter from the clamp

2- Record the newton meter read when no mass ishanging3- Hang different masses on newton meter one byone and record the meter reading for each mass4- Deduce the relation between the mass and thegravitational field strength of the earth5- Record your results in the following table

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MassGravitationalField Strength

( Weight )

Relation between mass&

Gravitational force

1 Nomass

0.0 N

2 100 g 0.1×9.81=0.981 W= m*g

3 200 g 0.2×9.81=1.962 W= m*g

4 300 g 0.3×9.81=2.943 W= m*g

5 400 g 0.4×9.81=3.924 W= m*g

6 500 g 0.5×9.81=4.905 W= m*g

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0 100 200 300 400 500 Mass (g)

Weight(N)


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Gravity

The weight of an object depend on two factors1- Mass of object2- Gravitational field strength

* The gravitational field strength of the earth = 10NThe gravitational field strength of the moon = 1.6NThe gravitational field strength of the Jupiter = 24.9N

The mass of an object is 50 kg, its weight in1- Earth W = m . g=50×10=500 N 2- Moon W = m . g=50×1.6=80 N 3- Jupiter W = m . g=50×24.9=1245 N 4- Where is the object most heavier ? on Jupiter5- Where is the object most lighter ? on the moon 6- What problem do you think there would be for

people visiting Jupiter ?Due to the high gravity, things are very heavy and not easy to be moved, aperson will weigh 2.5 times as much as he does on earth so moving aroundwill be difficult and tiring. * Explain :People move differently on the moonDue to the lower gravity, things are lighter on the moon so astronauts cantake longer and higher leaps and need extra weights to be able to walknormally and not fly around,

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N/kg1.6 = N/kg24.9 50 kg

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Weight = Mass x Gravitational Field Strength

W = m . g


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The SatellitesKey words :Satellite : an artificial object which has beenintentionally placed into orbitOrbit : The circular path of an object around other

* A satellite or bits the earth but doesn’t falltowards it, why?Because the satellite is going very fast which balances

the gravity force of the earth

* What would happen to a satellite if

1- It is moving more slowlyThe earth gravity will pull it to fall towards the earth or to

move into a lower orbit. 2- It is moving more quicklyIt will move into a higher orbit. And if the force produced

by the high speed ”escape velocity ” will exceed the

earth gravity so the satellite will go away from the earth.

* What are the uses of satellite?1 Weather observations

2 TV broadcast

3 Telecommunications

4 Scientific research

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Solar SystemKey words :Solar system : Sun and the planets orbit itMoon : A natural satellite of a planet

1- Why sun must have a much larger mass than theplanets?To force the planets to orbits around it 2- What is the relation between mass andgravitational field strength?Direct relation (If mass increases, gravitational field strengthincreases)

3- If your mass is 60 kg, What is your weight on- Earth, W = m. g =60×10 =600 N - Mars, W = m. g =60×3.8 =228 N - Venus, W = m. g =60×8.9 =534 N - Saturn, W = m. g =60×9 =540 N

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Radius MassGravitationaField strengt

( N/kg )Sun 695,700 km 1.989 × 10 30 kg 274

1 Mercury 2,440 km 3.30×1023

kg 3.72 Venus 6,052 km 4.87×10 24 kg 8.93 Earth 6,371 km 5.98×10 24 kg 104 Mars 3,390 km 6.42×10 23 kg 3.85 Jupiter 69,911 km 1.90×10 27 kg 24.96 Saturn 58,232 km 5.69×10 26 kg 97 Uranus 25,362 km 8.68×10 25 kg 8.78 Neptune 24,622 km 1.02×10 26 kg 119 Pluto 1,186 km 1.309 × 10 22 Kg 0.5


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Exploring the solar systemKey words :Telescope: A device that allows us to look atdistant objects in detailLenses : Curved pieces of glass used to focus orenlarge an image

People have known about some planets sinceancient times. But Neptune and Uranus Were onlydiscovered in the 1800s, why?Because they are far from the earth and there were no strongtelescopes in the past

Now scientists and astronomers use differenttelescopes which let us view the solar systemwithout ever leaving the earth

* Explain:Older planets have different names in English andin Arabic but newer planets have the same namesBecause older planets have been discovered by different people indifferent parts of the world and gave them different names Where newer planets were discovered when news travelled muchmore quickly.

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Space Race

John Glenn became the first human toorbit the earth

Apollo11Neil Armstrong andBuzz Aldrin walkedon the moon

Columbia flew intospace and orbitedEarth before returningsafely to the ground

* What was the first artificial satellite?………………………………… Sputnik ……………………………………………………………

* Who was the first human visit the space?…………………… Yuri Gagarin …………

* Who was the first human orbit the earth?……… John Glenn ………

* Who was the first human walked on the moon?………………………… Neil Armstrong ………………………………

Sputnik was the world'First artificial satellite

Yuri Gagarin Became thefirst human to visit space

Valentina TereshkovaFlew into space in Vastok6

Luna 9 landed onthe moon and sentback photographsfrom the surface

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Worksheet (8) Traveling in SpaceKey words :Astronaut : A person who travels into spaceElectromagnetic radiation : The energy comesfrom the bodies like sunShuttle : A spacecraft designed to be used manytimes

* Travelling in the space is very dangerous, Why ?1- Space is very cold but during return to earth aspaceship becomes very hot due to the frictionwith atmosphere2- The electromagnetic radiation is very dangerous3- In space earth’s gravity is very weak so the bodymuscles become weaker

* Why space shuttles must be covered by glasstiles?As silica glass is a bad conductor of heat, the heat generatedby re-entry does not pass through the tiles to the inner wallsof the shuttle. Silica glass has a very high melting point, socan withstand very high temperature (protect it from theheat which result because the friction with the atmosphere.)

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Earth & Space G8-Tri3-2016.pdf

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