Earth Science Review. What are physical features on the earth’s surface?
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Transcript of Earth Science Review. What are physical features on the earth’s surface?
Earth Science Review
What are physical features on the earth’s surface?
Landforms
What are the four agents that
constantly change the earth’s landforms?
•Water•Wind•Ice•Mass movement
What is weathering?
The process of breaking rock into
silt, sand, clay, and other tiny pieces
What are these tiny pieces called?
Sediment
How does water weather rocks?
• Rivers can carve deep canyons
• Ocean waves can weather cliffs
• Freezes in cracks and expands breaking the rock apart
• Acid rain dissolves rock
• Tumbles rocks into each other
What is erosion?
The process of moving sediment from one place to
another
What is the process called of dropping it into a new location?
Deposition
How does water erode sediment?
• Waves take the sediment from the cliffs to the beach
• Rainfall carries it to rivers and streams
• Rivers carry it to their banks• Some rivers carry it to their mouths
What is a delta?
The new land that has been deposited in a triangle shape near the mouth of a
river
What does wind erode more quickly?
Dry soil instead of wet soil
Where is this greatest?
Where there is little plant life to hold
sediment in place
What unusual landforms can wind
erosion create?
•Tables
•Arches
•Columns
What are dunes?
Large mounds of sand
What are beach dunes caused by?
The constant blowing of the sea breeze
What are glaciers?
Large thick sheets of ice formed when more snow falls during the winter than melts in the
summer
Why does a glacier erode everything
under it?
It’s great size and weight
What are the two kinds of glaciers?
Valley and Continental
Where are valley glaciers found?
High in mountain valleys
How do they erode?
They flow slowly down the
mountainsides
What do they form?
A U-shaped valley
How many are left?
Very few and these are melting quickly
What are continental glaciers?
Thick sheets of ice that cover large
areas of the Earth
What is mass movement?
The downhill movement of rock
and soil because of gravity.
Give some examples of mass movement
•Mudslides•Landslides•Avalanches•Sinkholes
How does a landslide or mudslide occur?
The force of gravity is greater than the force of friction holding the
soil
What is creep?
The slow movement of soil downhill
How fast does it move?
Only a few centimeters each
year
What is a sinkhole?
A large hole in the ground that opens
suddenly
How does a sinkhole occur?
The limestone beneath the surface erodes and the land over the weakened
area collapses?
How does erosion and deposition effect
the landforms?
It can change them or produce new
ones.
What are terminal moraines?
The long ridges of soil and rock left
behind by glaciers.
Give an example of it.
Long Island or Cape Cod
How are new islands formed?
Volcanic eruptions
How does this happen?
Slowly over time the melted rock and ash
continue to be deposited on top until the it appears over the
surface of the water
The End