Earth Science Concepts

Final Exam Review

Water Cycle

Water Cycle Questions1. Define transpiration- the process of plants releasing water vapor2. Define evaporation- liquid water gains enough energy and turns to

water vapor3. When water evaporates and cools, what

occurs? 4. After precipitation occurs, what happens to

the water?

Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle Questions

1. How does sedimentary rock change into metamorphic rock?high temperature & pressures

2. What is magma?molten rock beneath Earth’s surface

Hardness Definition

• how resistant a substance is to scratching• the relative capacity of a substance for

scratching another or for being scratched or indented by another

Moh’s Hardness Scale

Moh’s Hardness Scale Questions

1. What mineral can scratch all others on the data table?Diamond

2. What minerals can be scratched by calcite?Gypsum and Talc

3. Can quartz scratch topaz? Why or why not? No, quartz is softer than topaz.

Earthquakes1. What is the epicenter?

the area above the focus on the Earth’s surface2. What are P waves?

Primary- travel through solids, liquids & gases pushing rock particles ahead

3. What are S waves? Secondary- travel through solids moving rocksat right angles to wave motion

4. Which wave travels faster?P waves

5. What kind of wave causes the most damage and why?L waves- originate at the epicenter & moves surface up & down

Weather Fronts

Fronts and Low Pressure

Cold air is present behind the cold front on both diagrams.

High Pressure Systems

What happens after a high pressure systempasses through a location?

Happy weather- sunshine and dry

Low Pressure Systems

What happens after a low pressure system passes through?

Lousy weather- cloudy and precipitation

Volcanic Eruptions1. During an eruption, what is ejected into the

atmosphere?volcanic ash & gases

2. How can this affect the climate?cooling

3. Can an eruption cause global changes?Yes

Atmosphere

• Composition- What are the two most abundant gases in our atmosphere?Nitrogen & Oxygen

• Altitude- as altitude increases, temperature?Decreases

• Air pressure- as altitude increases, air pressure?Decreases

Graphs

• Complete the questions by analyzing the graphs and data table.