Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT
Transcript of Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT
![Page 1: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Applying the Rules to Environmental Science:
Biogeochemical Cycles
![Page 2: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Earth:Matter does not come and go
Earth is aclosedsystem
to matter
So…matter is
constantly recycled on
Earth
![Page 3: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles:Reservoirs & Pathways
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
![Page 4: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some Major Cycles of Matter
•Water Cycle•Rock Cycle•Chemical Cycles
•Carbon•Nitrogen•Phosphorous•Sulfur
![Page 5: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
![Page 6: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
1x(= 7.3x1017 grams
carbon)
3x
55x35,000x
![Page 7: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
![Page 8: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Carbon Transfer:Biosphere Atmosphere
Photosynthesis (Atmosphere to Biosphere)
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight --> Sugar + Oxygen
Respiration (Biosphere to Atmosphere)
Sugar + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
![Page 9: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
Burial &Lithification
Weathering& Volcanism
Dissolution
PhotosynthesisBurial &Lithification
Exsolution
![Page 10: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
HumanImpacts
Burning fossil fuels:Increased combustion
Deforestation:Decrease Photosynthesis
Increase Respiration
Net Effect:Increase in Carbonin Atmosphere
![Page 11: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
northernsummer
northernwinter
![Page 12: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Impact
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 13: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
BiosphereNitrogen fixation:
• bacteria• lightning
Waste &Decomposition
Denitification:bacteria
Erosion
Absorption
![Page 14: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nitrogen-Fixing
Bacteria in Root
Nodules
![Page 15: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
Nitrogen fixation:• industrial (fertilizer)
• combustion
Increased Erosion
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in Nitrogenin water & soil
![Page 16: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phosphorous Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
Never enters the atmosphere
Waste &Decomposition
Weathering & Erosion
Absorption
SedimentationAbsorption
![Page 17: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phosphorous Cycle
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Mining, use (fertilizer, detergent, etc.)& increased runoff
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in phosphorous in water &“algal blooms”; Depletion in soils
More Phos. for organisms
![Page 18: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Impact:Eutrophication
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 19: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Impact:Red Tide
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 20: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
Volcanoes& Weathering
Waste &Decomposition
Deep Sea Vents
Absorption
Sedimentation
Absorption
Precipitation
“Evaporation” Weathering
BacteriaRelease
BacteriaAbsorption
![Page 21: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
BurningFossil Fuels
Precipitation”Acid Rain
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in atmosphere (health effects) and acid rain
![Page 22: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Applying the Rules to Environmental Science:
Food Webs
![Page 23: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Earth:Earth constantly gains & loses energy
Earth is aOpen
Systemto Energy
Heat
Sunlight
![Page 24: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“Life is a struggle of an immense number of
organisms, weighing next to nothing, for a small amount of
energy.”
![Page 25: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Producers( Autotrophs)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Tall grass prairie
Energy enters the system
![Page 26: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ProducersChlorophyll
PhotosynthesisCarbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight --> Sugar + Oxygen
![Page 27: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Producers
ChemosynthesisHydrogen Sulfide + Carbon Dioxide + Water + Oxygen
+ Geothermal Heat --> Sugar + Sulfuric Acid
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 28: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Consumers --> Heterotrophs
Primary Consumers - eat producers(Herbivores)
Secondary Consumers - eat primary consumers(Carnivores)
Tertiary Consumers - eat secondary consumers(Carnivores & Omnivores)
Decomposers - break down dead organisms
Called “Trophic” (Feeding) LevelsRepresent the flow of energy (food)
![Page 29: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Called “Trophic” (Feeding) LevelsRepresent the flow of energy (food)
Producer PrimaryConsumer
SecondaryConsumer
TertiaryConsumer
Flow of EnergySun
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 30: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Forms aFood Chain
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.What happens if…we kill off all the mice?
![Page 31: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Food Webs
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.What happens if…we kill off all thecrab eater seals?
Food webs are more stable than food chains.
![Page 32: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Food Webs
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.What happens if…we kill off all thecrab eater seals?
Food webs are more stable than food chains.
![Page 33: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Lessons
1. Food webs are more stable than food chains2. The produces are the key to the entire food web3. Life is rough at the top
![Page 34: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Energy & “Trophic” Levels
Producer PrimaryConsumer
SecondaryConsumer
TertiaryConsumer
Flow of EnergySun
2nd Law of ThermodynamicsEnergy is lost during conversion
About 90% loss each step
1000units
100units
10units
1units
900lost
90lost
9lost
![Page 35: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
“Energy Units” Measured asBiomass
Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary ConsumersShown as aTrophic Pyramid
![Page 37: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
“Energy Units” Measured asBiomass
Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary ConsumersEnergy captured and turned into biomass by all producers is called
Net Primary Productivity
![Page 38: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
For example:
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
![Page 39: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Why does diet mater?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
If each person required 10 g/m2 food per day:
This ecosystem could feed:
80 people on plants4 people on herbivores
1 person on all carnivores
![Page 40: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Applying the Rules to Environmental Science:
Bioconcentration
![Page 41: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Bioconcentrationup the Trophic Pyramid
Energy degrades… but matter does not
Toxin(e.g. heavy metals)
![Page 42: Earth Science Biogeochemical Cycles PPT](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081421/589edec01a28ab9f498c0aba/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Example:DDT
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
High concentrations of DDT weakens egg shells in fish-
eating birds & chicks die