Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy...

Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions

Sustainable Habitats

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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats

Energy efficient residential buildings in India

“International Conference on Growth with Stability in Affordable Housing Markets”

31st January,2012Mili Majumdar,

DirectorSustainable Habitat Division

TERI New Delhi







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Urbanization & Population Urbanization & Population GrowthGrowth

Population of India will reach from current 1.2bn to 1.4bn by 2025

By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of India’s population will be living in urban areas compared to current 28.4%







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Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply DynamicsDynamics

Supply shortfall since post-independence (1947)In 2005, estimated demand 209.5 million, supply 189.5 million







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NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty cities







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Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units) in India-sectoral break up:2008-09







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46%

59%

CumulativeCumulative emissionsemissions & savings- Urbansavings- Urban residentialresidential buildingsbuildings







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Approaches to energy efficient Approaches to energy efficient housinghousing Vernacular approach to design (passive

architecture, local materials, use of local labor): Low income/low cost housing and mass housing programmes of the government; certain pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville)

Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households; particularly applicable to middle and high income group housing

Green rated housing : Energy and resource efficiency looked at holistically in addition to indoor environmental quality and societal issues







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Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing







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Excellent ventilation

Orientation and shading as per solar geometry

Courtyard design and use of mature tree for shading

Design for daytime and nighttime use

Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of natural climate control measures







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Silkworm rearing house: Silkworm rearing house: BangaloreBangalore

Thermal comfort requirement: Chawki room: 25 to 28 deg C with 70-90% RH

Rearing room: 23 to 25 deg C with 70-80% RH

Non uniform heating/cooling leads to loss in 50-70% of yield







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Constructed solar passive silk worm Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing houserearing house

Building section for silkworm rearing house







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Silkworm rearing being carried Silkworm rearing being carried out in the constructed solar out in the constructed solar passive housepassive house







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Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing house in winter season of Bangalore







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Performance of the housePerformance of the house First rearing was carried out in the

month of December. Required temperatures for silkworm

rearing is 22deg C – 24degC. Outside ambient temperatures

monitored during rearing were between 13deg C and 30deg C.

Inside the solar passive house the maintained temperatures were between 20deg C to 24deg C.







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Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households: Potential for energy savings and providing financial incentive







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Base Case parameters• FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both sides• RCC roof• 6mm single clear glass with MS frame• Incandescent lamp, T-12• one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room

ECBC compliant• Wall insulation• Roof insulation with reflective coating•Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC• CFL, T-5• five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room

Recommended case• Wall shading• Sakora roof with reflective coating• ECBC compliant window• CFL, T-5• five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room

EPIbase :152 kWh/m2/annum

EPIECBCenvelope :111 kWh/m2/annum

EPIeff.light_fivestareA

C :79 kWh/m2/annum

EPIbase :152 kWh/m2/annum

EPIrecommended

case 119 kWh/m2/annum

EPIeff.light_fivestareA

C :86 kWh/m2/annum

Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in conjunction with select measures from the Energy Conservation Building Code

Annual energy savings: 73 kWH/m2

Annual energy savings: 66 kWh/m2

Assumptions• People- 100% occupancy for 24 hrs• Lighting- 100% for 18hrs -22hrs• AC- Living room-12hr-20hrs• AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr

-21hr-6hr

Payback period: 4-7 years







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The IT Toolkit entrance







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The assesment tool structure







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Savings from various ECMs







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Saving potential

Energy Conservation Measures –

•Efficient Envelope Materials

•Efficient Lighting System

•Efficient AC system

•Solar Hot Water System







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Green rating for housing







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Green rating for housing

• GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)

• LEED rating for homes

• Ecohousing programme in city on Pune (Western India)

Market driven and partly incentivised







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GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India

What gets measured gets managed







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Key highlights of GRIHA

• Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation

• Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water

• Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology

• Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS codes)

• Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF: GRIHA pre certification gets fast track EIA clearance)

Building types (new constructions) Commercial Residential

5 climatic zones Hot – Dry Warm – Humid Composite Temperate Cold







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The Doon School Masters’ HousesMonitored indoor temperature profiles show performance nearly equal (in some cases better) than the simulation studies (>>40 Centigrade difference from conventional houses)







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Common wealth games villageCommon wealth games village Sustainable site planning measures

(compensatory afforestation, topsoil preservation, etc)

Water efficient landscape by adopting native species, efficient irrigation systems and limiting turf areas.

Building water consumption reduced by use of high efficiency and low-flow fixtures.

Energy efficiency measures such as high performance glass, roof insulation, energy efficient lighting and variable refrigerant volume based air conditioning shall reduce the energy consumption of the apartments significantly.

Solar photo voltaic system is proposed to meet the 10% of total energy requirement for internal lighting.

Waste water recycling and solid waste management system are being planned.







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• Reimbursement of rating-cum-registration fee for buildings with higher rating

• Incentives to architects/ design consultants• Capital subsidy for SPV installations under

Ministry’s scheme • Promotional activities (training, awareness

generation, capacity building programmes)• Incentives to Urban Local Bodies • First 200 Government buildings exempted

from paying registration fees in advance.

Incentives for GRIHA Rated Green Buildings (governmemt projects only)







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ConclusionConclusion

• Alternative/vernacular materials and techniques need mainstreaming through market push and acceptance among developers/builders/design community

• Local skill base needs enhancement• Policy impetus with enabling financial

mechanisms• Standards and norms for EE in housing• Awareness and capacity building







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Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy...

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