Earth Observation Systems Evolution from ERS & ENVISATI to GMES.

Road-Map towards 3rd Generation RADAR Observation Systems

OPEN

2003: MARS EXPRESS

2003: MARS EXPRESS

1991: ERS-11995: ERS-2

1991: ERS-11995: ERS-2

1994:April SRL-1 October SRL-2

1994:April SRL-1 October SRL-2

1997: CASSINI1997: CASSINI

2000: SRTM2000: SRTM

2002: ENVISAT2002: ENVISAT 2005: MRO2005: MRO

2007: COSMO-SkyMed2007: COSMO-SkyMed

Thales Alenia Space: 30 years Excellence

in Space Radars

2013: KOMPSAT

2013: KOMPSAT

27 July 199127 July 1991 7 March 20007 March 2000

45200 orbits45200 orbits

1.4 million SAR scenes1.4 million SAR scenes

3500 scientists using the data

3500 scientists using the data

A major EO milestone:ERS-1 & SAR Interferometry

ERS-1 differential interferometry reaches the cm precision («Bonn experiment») Demonstration with Landers earthquake

A major EO milestone:ERS-1 & SAR Interferometry

ERS-1 differential interferometry reaches the cm precision («Bonn experiment») Demonstration with Landers earthquake

ERS 1&2 (1991-2000): an European Success

Arctic 2007

HurricaneKatrina

B-15A iceberg

Bam earthquake

Ozone hole 2003

Global airpollution

Prestige tankeroil slick

Dec 02

Validation

Workshop

Nov 03

MERIS Workshop

Calibratio

n Review

Sep 02

First images

Mar 02

Launch

~2200 scientific projects

Sep 04

Envisat SymposiumSalzburg (A)

Sep 05

MERIS

(A)A

TSR

Workshop

Dec 03

InSAR

Workshop

Chlorophyllconcentration

Dec 05

InSAR

Workshop

Mar 06

Altimetry

Conference

+ several GMES pre-operational

projects

May 06

Atmospheric

Science

Conference

Envisat Symposium

Montreux (CH)

Apr 07

CO2 map

Dec 07

InSAR

Workshop

C-Band Advanced SARH/V polarisation capabilityactive antenna array

C-Band Advanced SARH/V polarisation capabilityactive antenna array

ENVISAT (2002-2011): from System to Services

Coastal Real-time Ocean Ice Monitoring Northern View

Risk fire & flood Forest Monitoring Soil & Water Land Motion Risks

Urban Services Humanitarian Aid AtmosphereFood Security

COPERNICUS: The Service Portfolio from ENVISAT experience

4 nominal operation modes: • stripmap (80km swath, res 10x10m)• interferometric wide swath

(250km swath,res 20x20m)• extra wide swath (400km swath, 50x50 m res.)• wave (20x20 m res.)

2300 Kg spacecraft mass

Sun synchronous orbit at 693

• 12 days repeat cycle

• 7/12 years design/consumables life time

Sentinel-1A: launch 2014

Sentinel-1A: launch 2014

Sentinel-1B: foreseen 2015

Sentinel-1B: foreseen 2015

Sentinel-1 C&D:TBDSentinel-1 C&D:TBD

Applications: • monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment• surveillance of marine environment• monitoring land surface motion risks• mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations

Applications: • monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment• surveillance of marine environment• monitoring land surface motion risks• mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations

Ref.:

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COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 First Generation

12.3 m

21 m

Deployed Configuration

3.4 m

2.2 m

Stowed Configuration

OPEN

COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite

Sentinel-1 has one main operational mode (Interferometric Wide Swath mode) that:

• A complete global coverage within 12 days• Preserve Revisit time performance on “high priority” areas (Maritime transport

zones and European coast) • Satisfies most currently known service requirements• Avoids conflicts and preserves revisit performance• Provides robustness and reliability of service• Simplifies mission planning & decreases operational costs• Satisfies also tomorrow’s requests by building up a consistent long-term archive

In Addition•Mutually exclusive modes are provided for continuity reasons (w.r.t. ERS &

Envisat) and for accommodation of emerging user requirements•Two mutually exclusive dual polarisation modes are provided

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Ref.:

COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Operational Concept

OPEN

12/04/23

Ref.:

COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite MissionParameter EWS IWS SM WV

Azimuth ResolutionAzimuth Resolution < 40 m< 40 m < 20 m< 20 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m

Ground Range Ground Range ResolutionResolution < 20 m< 20 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m

SwathSwath > 400 km> 400 km > 250 km> 250 km > 80 km> 80 km 20 x 20 km20 x 20 km

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Ref.:

S-1A Satellite

Complete earth coverage within 12 days At least one access for each point

70% of the globe after 6 days Maximum revisit time 12 days Average revisit time 8.4 days

S-1A + S-1B Satellites Constellation

Complete earth coverage after 6 days All points are acquired twice within one orbit

cycle Maximum revisit time 6 days Average revisit time 4.2 days

IWS mode on the earth surface and Maritime Transport zones up to 25 minutes per orbit WAVE on open oceans up to 59 minutes per orbit

OPEN

COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite Scenario Performance

The Result of the largest Italian investment in Earth Observation that has required more than ten years and about one thousand people working at all levelsFirst and only “DUAL” system, built with state-of-the-art space technologies, capable of both Civil and Scientific usage and Military Operational exploitation

Thales Alenia Space have designed and built both Satellites and System, with the active Telespazio support for the whole Ground Segment

Contracted by Italian Space Agency and Ministry of Defence and built with no cost variations during the whole development and deployment life cycle

COSMO-SkyMed

COSMO SkyMed E2E System

COSMO SkyMed Satellite

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Ref.:OPEN

The CSG Satellite: PRIMA fourth generation

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Ref.:

• Flooding• Pollution• Earthquakes• Landslides• Vulcans• Fire Damages

COSMO-SkyMed Main Applications

DTED-4 Hawaii (2012) – COSMO-1 Satellite / 16 days double passes

SCS_A co-registration DTED4_D

High Resolution INTERFEROMETRY

12/04/23

Ref.:

Spaceborne RADAR’s for Earth observation have shown an increasing and constant growth in the past 5 years with the deployment of many important assets (e.g. RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X, ALOS-PALSAR, and the constellation of COSMO-SkyMed).

OPEN

On this track, new and more challenging programs are reaching, these days, the development phases like the COSMO-SkyMed second generation.

Terrasar-X

Radarsat

Cosmo Skymed

In parallel, research is on-going for the next generations of high performance multi-mode SAR. The main innovative characteristics are in the fields of:

very high resolution; high resolution wideswath multipolarization operation;multi antenna interferometric systems also exploiting higher frequencies like Ka-band.

Innovative concepts are the base to anticipate new market needs and to support the development of the new products in the mid/long term period

Objectives & Goals

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Ref.:

Innovative conceptsDigital Beam FormingDual antenna interferometer in Ka-band Ocean SurveillanceVery sub-metric Class Multimode SAR

New developmentsCOSMO SkyMed Second GenerationCompact SAR

OPEN

Road-Map to next Generation SAR Instruments

12/04/23

Ref.:

High resolution and wide swath coverage are contradicting requirements in SAR system designOn the other hand, many applications may profit of both high resolution and wide swath, e.g. regular land use, vegetation mapping, marine observation, monitoring of Arctic sea ice, as well as differential interferometryDigital Beam Forming can be the solution:

separate transmit aperture to illuminate a large footprint on the groundreceived signals of each sub-aperture are separately amplified, down-converted and digitized

OPEN

SAR & Digital Beam Forming

12/04/23Ref.:

TAS-I is working at analysing the possibility to develop a Single Satellite Interferometric mission in Ka-band.

The use of the Ka-band allows achieving good height information by maintaining a short baseline between the two antennas, which can be embarked in a single satellite.The selected configuration is such to provided both measurements in Along-track and Across-track direction

Main applications for the Ka-band are:High resolution DEM generationDisaster monitoringUrban areas monitoringOil spillShip detection and identification

OPEN

Multi-antenna SAR Interferometry in Ka Band

12/04/23Ref.:

Imaging sensors (SAR)Imaged areas and resolutions programmable (10-500Km swath @ 1 – 30 m resolution) Exploitation technique

Wide swath: Ship positions (lat, long), Ship size indicationHigh resolution: Ship size, Ship type indication from shape analysis and wake characteristics, Heading & Speed (from wake displacement and data exploitation (phase processing)

Pre-operative stage in ATR tools supported by many experimental projects (EC, Canada, Australia, Norway, China, etc.)

Sub-surface

structuresSmall

boats & wakes

OPEN

Ocean Surveillance

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Ref.:

MultiMode <<1m Class

Active Phased Array Antenna Spotlight, Stripmap, ScanSAR Enhanced Sensitivity Very High Resolution High resolution wide-swath Single/Dual Pol Spotlight Full Pol STRIPMAPReference mass 600 ÷ 1000 kg

OPEN

Very sub-metric Class Multimode SAR

12/04/23

Ref.:

In the area “new developments” are included those projects in a design and/or development phase

New developments are typically carried-on in two contests:Active contracts with a specific CustomerDevelopment of a new product to anticipate new market neesd and to tackle potential customers

New developments represents the state-of-the-art in terms of technology and performance and will be the base of the product lines in the mid/long term period

OPEN

New developments

12/04/23

Ref.:

OPEN

From COSMO-SkyMed to COSMO Seconda Generazione

This document is not to be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated in any material form in whole or in part nor disclosed to any third party without the prior written permission of Thales Alenia Space - 2012, Thales Alenia Space

COSMO Second Generation Performance

• Improvement of Military operating mode• Improvement of number of look• Improvement of number of images from 450 to 550 (1100 taking into

account the polarisation)• Full polarisation by STRIPMAP QUADPOL mode

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24

Ref.:

Parameter SPOTPING-PONG

SCAN STRIPMAPSTRIPMAP QUADPOL

Single look Single look ResolutionResolution

2A 0.8x0.8 m2A 0.8x0.8 m

2B 1x1 m2B 1x1 m 5X12 m5X12 m

11 4X20 m4X20 m

22 6X406X403x3 m3x3 m 3X3 m3X3 m

SwathSwath2A 10X10 km2A 10X10 km

2B 10x10 km2B 10x10 km30X30 km30X30 km

1 100x100 km1 100x100 km

2 200X200 km2 200X200 km40X40 km40X40 km 15x40 km15x40 km

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Ref.:

Compact SAR concept based on:

Center-fed dual reflector antennaFoldable Reflector (Reflector Antenna AssemblyFeed Array Assembly (active Phased Array).

Reference Performance:Instrument mass < 250 kgdc power consumption < 4 wdeployed antenna dimension, 5 m

Acquisition techniquesStripmap Spotlight

Stripmap:Swath: 20-40 kmResolution: 2-4mAccess Area: 20°-55°

Spotlight:Swath: 5-10 kmResolution: < 1mAccess Area: 20°-55°

OPEN

Compact SAR

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Ref.:

The Excellence in Space Radars

OPEN

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

Large Scale Land Planning

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

Daily observation on Polar RoutesDaily observation on Polar Routesover North-West e Nord-East Passagesover North-West e Nord-East Passages

(50% daily capability on near polar area)(50% daily capability on near polar area)

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

Not Identified Vessels

Identified Vessels usingAIS e VMS systems

Maritime SurveillanceSupport to Conventional Systems

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

Earth Emergency & MonitoringHydrocarbons Pollution

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

FLOODS & FLOODINGS

Operational Damage Assessment

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

Landslides, Earthquakes & Land Stability

8720

1590

-QC

I-T

AS

-EN

/001

COSMO-SkyMed

regularly Monitorswhole National Territory under

ASI and Civil Protectionover sighting control

at least twice per month

with large Data Availability,continuously updated for any possible need,CSK system operational capability allowsthe development and refinement of advanced applications and analysis techniquesFast and ReliableFast and Reliable